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<title data-rh="true">Concepts & Key Components | DataHub</title><meta data-rh="true" name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"><meta data-rh="true" property="og:url" content="https://docs.datahub.com/docs/authentication/concepts"><meta data-rh="true" name="docusaurus_locale" content="en"><meta data-rh="true" name="docsearch:language" content="en"><meta data-rh="true" name="docusaurus_version" content="current"><meta data-rh="true" name="docusaurus_tag" content="docs-default-current"><meta data-rh="true" name="docsearch:version" content="current"><meta data-rh="true" name="docsearch:docusaurus_tag" content="docs-default-current"><meta data-rh="true" property="og:title" content="Concepts & Key Components | DataHub"><meta data-rh="true" name="description" content="We introduced a few important concepts to the Metadata Service to make authentication work:"><meta data-rh="true" property="og:description" content="We introduced a few important concepts to the Metadata Service to make authentication work:"><link data-rh="true" rel="icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"><link data-rh="true" rel="canonical" href="https://docs.datahub.com/docs/authentication/concepts"><link data-rh="true" rel="alternate" href="https://docs.datahub.com/docs/authentication/concepts" hreflang="en"><link data-rh="true" rel="alternate" href="https://docs.datahub.com/docs/authentication/concepts" hreflang="x-default"><link data-rh="true" rel="preconnect" href="https://RK0UG797F3-dsn.algolia.net" crossorigin="anonymous"><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="/learn/rss.xml" title="DataHub RSS Feed">
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on the platform.</p><p>An actor can be characterized by 2 attributes:</p><ol><li><strong>Type</strong>: The "type" of the actor making a request. The purpose is to for example distinguish between a "user" & "service" actor. Currently, the "user" actor type is the only one
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formally supported.</li><li><strong>Id</strong>: A unique identifier for the actor within DataHub. This is commonly known as a "principal" in other systems. In the case of users, this
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represents a unique "username". This username is in turn used when converting from the "Actor" concept into a Metadata Entity Urn (e.g. CorpUserUrn).</li></ol><p>For example, the root "datahub" super user would have the following attributes:</p><div class="codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#bfc7d5;--prism-background-color:#292d3e"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-text codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">{</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> "type": "USER",</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> "id": "datahub"</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">}</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p>Which is mapped to the CorpUser urn:</p><div class="codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#bfc7d5;--prism-background-color:#292d3e"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-text codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">urn:li:corpuser:datahub</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p>for Metadata retrieval.</p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="what-is-an-authenticator">What is an Authenticator?<a href="#what-is-an-authenticator" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to What is an Authenticator?" title="Direct link to What is an Authenticator?"></a></h2><p>An <strong>Authenticator</strong> is a pluggable component inside the Metadata Service that is responsible for authenticating an inbound request provided context about the request (currently, the request headers).
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Authentication boils down to successfully resolving an <strong>Actor</strong> to associate with the inbound request.</p><p>There can be many types of Authenticator. For example, there can be Authenticators that</p><ul><li>Verify the authenticity of access tokens (ie. issued by either DataHub itself or a 3rd-party IdP)</li><li>Authenticate username / password credentials against a remote database (ie. LDAP)</li></ul><p>and more! A key goal of the abstraction is <em>extensibility</em>: a custom Authenticator can be developed to authenticate requests
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based on an organization's unique needs.</p><p>DataHub ships with 3 Authenticators by default:</p><ul><li><p><strong>DataHubSystemAuthenticator</strong>: Verifies that inbound requests have originated from inside DataHub itself using a shared system identifier
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and secret. This authenticator is always present.</p></li><li><p><strong>DataHubTokenAuthenticator</strong>: Verifies that inbound requests contain a DataHub-issued Access Token (discussed further in the "DataHub Access Token" section below) in their
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'Authorization' header. This authenticator is required if Metadata Service Authentication is enabled.</p></li><li><p><strong>DataHubGuestAuthenticator</strong>: Verifies if guest authentication is enabled with a guest user configured and allows unauthenticated users to perform operations as the designated
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guest user. By default, this Authenticator is disabled. If this is required, it needs to be explicitly enabled and requires a restart of the datahub GMS service.</p></li><li></li></ul><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="what-is-an-authenticatorchain">What is an AuthenticatorChain?<a href="#what-is-an-authenticatorchain" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to What is an AuthenticatorChain?" title="Direct link to What is an AuthenticatorChain?"></a></h2><p>An <strong>AuthenticatorChain</strong> is a series of <strong>Authenticators</strong> that are configured to run one-after-another. This allows
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for configuring multiple ways to authenticate a given request, for example via LDAP OR via local key file.</p><p>Only if each Authenticator within the chain fails to authenticate a request will it be rejected.</p><p>The Authenticator Chain can be configured in the <code>application.yaml</code> file under <code>authentication.authenticators</code>:</p><div class="codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#bfc7d5;--prism-background-color:#292d3e"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-text codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">authentication:</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> ....</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> authenticators:</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> # Configure the Authenticators in the chain</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> - type: com.datahub.authentication.Authenticator1</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> ...</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> - type: com.datahub.authentication.Authenticator2</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"> ....</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="what-is-the-authenticationfilter">What is the AuthenticationFilter?<a href="#what-is-the-authenticationfilter" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to What is the AuthenticationFilter?" title="Direct link to What is the AuthenticationFilter?"></a></h2><p>The <strong>AuthenticationFilter</strong> is a <a href="http://tutorials.jenkov.com/java-servlets/servlet-filters.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">servlet filter</a> that authenticates each and requests to the Metadata Service.
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It does so by constructing and invoking an <strong>AuthenticatorChain</strong>, described above.</p><p>If an Actor is unable to be resolved by the AuthenticatorChain, then a 401 unauthorized exception will be returned by the filter.</p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="what-is-a-datahub-token-service-what-are-access-tokens">What is a DataHub Token Service? What are Access Tokens?<a href="#what-is-a-datahub-token-service-what-are-access-tokens" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to What is a DataHub Token Service? What are Access Tokens?" title="Direct link to What is a DataHub Token Service? What are Access Tokens?"></a></h2><p>Along with Metadata Service Authentication comes an important new component called the <strong>DataHub Token Service</strong>. The purpose of this
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component is twofold:</p><ol><li>Generate Access Tokens that grant access to the Metadata Service</li><li>Verify the validity of Access Tokens presented to the Metadata Service</li></ol><p><strong>Access Tokens</strong> granted by the Token Service take the form of <a href="https://jwt.io/introduction" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Json Web Tokens</a>, a type of stateless token which
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has a finite lifespan & is verified using a unique signature. JWTs can also contain a set of claims embedded within them. Tokens issued by the Token
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Service contain the following claims:</p><ul><li>exp: the expiration time of the token</li><li>version: version of the DataHub Access Token for purposes of evolvability (currently 1)</li><li>type: The type of token, currently SESSION (used for UI-based sessions) or PERSONAL (used for personal access tokens)</li><li>actorType: The type of the <strong>Actor</strong> associated with the token. Currently, USER is the only type supported.</li><li>actorId: The id of the <strong>Actor</strong> associated with the token.</li></ul><p>Today, Access Tokens are granted by the Token Service under two scenarios:</p><ol><li><strong>UI Login</strong>: When a user logs into the DataHub UI, for example via <a href="/docs/authentication/guides/jaas">JaaS</a> or
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<a href="/docs/authentication/guides/sso/configure-oidc-react">OIDC</a>, the <code>datahub-frontend</code> service issues an
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request to the Metadata Service to generate a SESSION token <em>on behalf of</em> of the user logging in. (<!-- -->*<!-- -->Only the frontend service is authorized to perform this action).</li><li><strong>Generating Personal Access Tokens</strong>: When a user requests to generate a Personal Access Token (described below) from the UI.</li></ol><blockquote><p>At present, the Token Service supports the symmetric signing method <code>HS256</code> to generate and verify tokens.</p></blockquote><p>Now that we're familiar with the concepts, we will talk concretely about what new capabilities have been built on top
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of Metadata Service Authentication.</p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="how-do-i-enable-guest-authentication">How do I enable Guest Authentication<a href="#how-do-i-enable-guest-authentication" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to How do I enable Guest Authentication" title="Direct link to How do I enable Guest Authentication"></a></h2><p>The Guest Authentication configuration is present in two configuration files - the <code>application.conf</code> for DataHub frontend, and
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<code>application.yaml</code> for GMS. To enable Guest Authentication, set the environment variable <code>GUEST_AUTHENTICATION_ENABLED</code> to <code>true</code>
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for both the GMS and the frontend service and restart those services.
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If enabled, the default user designated as guest is called <code>guest</code>. This user must be explicitly created and privileges assigned
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to control the guest user privileges.</p><p>A recommended approach to operationalize guest access is, first, create a designated guest user account with login credentials,
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but keep guest access disabled. This allows you to configure and test the exact permissions this user should have. Once you've
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confirmed the privileges are set correctly, you can then enable guest access, which removes the need for login/credentials
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while maintaining the verified permission settings.</p><p>The name of the designated guest user can be changed by defining the env var <code>GUEST_AUTHENTICATION_USER</code>.
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The entry URL to authenticate as the guest user is <code>/public</code> and can be changed via the env var <code>GUEST_AUTHENTICATION_PATH</code></p><p>Here are the relevant portions of the two configs</p><p>For the Frontend</p><div class="language-yaml codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#bfc7d5;--prism-background-color:#292d3e"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-yaml codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(105, 112, 152);font-style:italic">#application.conf</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">...</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">auth.guest.enabled = $</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">{</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">?</span><span class="token plain">GUEST_AUTHENTICATION_ENABLED</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(105, 112, 152);font-style:italic"># The name of the guest user id</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">auth.guest.user = $</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">{</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">?</span><span class="token plain">GUEST_AUTHENTICATION_USER</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(105, 112, 152);font-style:italic"># The path to bypass login page and get logged in as guest</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain">auth.guest.path = $</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">{</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">?</span><span class="token plain">GUEST_AUTHENTICATION_PATH</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">}</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:rgb(199, 146, 234)">...</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p>and for GMS</p><div class="language-yaml codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#bfc7d5;--prism-background-color:#292d3e"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-yaml codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(105, 112, 152);font-style:italic">#application.yaml</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#bfc7d5"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:rgb(105, 112, 152);font-style:italic">#
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