Add to_dict and from_dict methods for Stores (#5541)

* Add to_dict and from_dict methods for Stores

* Add release notes

* Add tests with custom init parameters

haystack/preview/document_stores/decorator.py

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
+from typing import Dict, Any, Type
 import logging
 
+from haystack.preview.document_stores.protocols import Store
+from haystack.preview.document_stores.errors import StoreDeserializationError
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -27,6 +30,9 @@ class _Store:
         self.registry[cls.__name__] = cls
         logger.debug("Registered Store %s", cls)
 
+        cls.to_dict = _default_store_to_dict
+        cls.from_dict = classmethod(_default_store_from_dict)
+
         return cls
 
     def __call__(self, cls=None):
@@ -37,3 +43,28 @@ class _Store:
 
 
 store = _Store()
+
+
+def _default_store_to_dict(store_: Store) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    """
+    Default store serializer.
+    Serializes a store to a dictionary.
+    """
+    return {
+        "hash": id(store_),
+        "type": store_.__class__.__name__,
+        "init_parameters": getattr(store_, "init_parameters", {}),
+    }
+
+
+def _default_store_from_dict(cls: Type[Store], data: Dict[str, Any]) -> Store:
+    """
+    Default store deserializer.
+    The "type" field in `data` must match the class that is being deserialized into.
+    """
+    init_params = data.get("init_parameters", {})
+    if "type" not in data:
+        raise StoreDeserializationError("Missing 'type' in store serialization data")
+    if data["type"] != cls.__name__:
+        raise StoreDeserializationError(f"Store '{data['type']}' can't be deserialized as '{cls.__name__}'")
+    return cls(**init_params)

haystack/preview/document_stores/errors.py

@@ -12,3 +12,7 @@ class DuplicateDocumentError(StoreError):
 
 class MissingDocumentError(StoreError):
     pass
+
+
+class StoreDeserializationError(StoreError):
+    pass

haystack/preview/document_stores/memory/document_store.py

@@ -47,6 +47,13 @@ class MemoryDocumentStore:
         self.bm25_algorithm = algorithm_class
         self.bm25_parameters = bm25_parameters or {}
 
+        # Used to convert this instance to a dictionary for serialization
+        self.init_parameters = {
+            "bm25_tokenization_regex": bm25_tokenization_regex,
+            "bm25_algorithm": bm25_algorithm,
+            "bm25_parameters": self.bm25_parameters,
+        }
+
     def count_documents(self) -> int:
         """
         Returns the number of how many documents are present in the document store.

haystack/preview/document_stores/protocols.py

@@ -25,6 +25,17 @@ class Store(Protocol):
     you're using.
     """
 
+    def to_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """
+        Serializes this store to a dictionary.
+        """
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_dict(cls, data: Dict[str, Any]) -> "Store":
+        """
+        Deserializes the store from a dictionary.
+        """
+
     def count_documents(self) -> int:
         """
         Returns the number of documents stored.

releasenotes/notes/stores-serialisation-a09398d158b01ae6.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+---
+features:
+  - Add `from_dict` and `to_dict` methods to `Store` `Protocol`
+  - Add default `from_dict` and `to_dict` implementations to classes decorated with `@store`

test/preview/document_stores/test_decorator.py

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+from unittest.mock import Mock
+
+import pytest
+
+from haystack.preview.testing.factory import store_class
+from haystack.preview.document_stores.decorator import _default_store_to_dict, _default_store_from_dict
+from haystack.preview.document_stores.errors import StoreDeserializationError
+
+
+@pytest.mark.unit
+def test_default_store_to_dict():
+    MyStore = store_class("MyStore")
+    comp = MyStore()
+    res = _default_store_to_dict(comp)
+    assert res == {"hash": id(comp), "type": "MyStore", "init_parameters": {}}
+
+
+@pytest.mark.unit
+def test_default_store_to_dict_with_custom_init_parameters():
+    extra_fields = {"init_parameters": {"custom_param": True}}
+    MyStore = store_class("MyStore", extra_fields=extra_fields)
+    comp = MyStore()
+    res = _default_store_to_dict(comp)
+    assert res == {"hash": id(comp), "type": "MyStore", "init_parameters": {"custom_param": True}}
+
+
+@pytest.mark.unit
+def test_default_store_from_dict():
+    MyStore = store_class("MyStore")
+    comp = _default_store_from_dict(MyStore, {"type": "MyStore"})
+    assert isinstance(comp, MyStore)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.unit
+def test_default_store_from_dict_with_custom_init_parameters():
+    def store_init(self, custom_param: int):
+        self.custom_param = custom_param
+
+    extra_fields = {"__init__": store_init}
+    MyStore = store_class("MyStore", extra_fields=extra_fields)
+    comp = _default_store_from_dict(MyStore, {"type": "MyStore", "init_parameters": {"custom_param": 100}})
+    assert isinstance(comp, MyStore)
+    assert comp.custom_param == 100
+
+
+@pytest.mark.unit
+def test_default_store_from_dict_without_type():
+    with pytest.raises(StoreDeserializationError, match="Missing 'type' in store serialization data"):
+        _default_store_from_dict(Mock, {})
+
+
+@pytest.mark.unit
+def test_default_store_from_dict_unregistered_store(request):
+    # We use the test function name as store name to make sure it's not registered.
+    # Since the registry is global we risk to have a store with the same name registered in another test.
+    store_name = request.node.name
+
+    with pytest.raises(StoreDeserializationError, match=f"Store '{store_name}' can't be deserialized as 'Mock'"):
+        _default_store_from_dict(Mock, {"type": store_name})

test/preview/document_stores/test_memory.py

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 import logging
+from unittest.mock import patch
 
 import pandas as pd
 import pytest
 
 from haystack.preview import Document
 from haystack.preview.document_stores import Store, MemoryDocumentStore
-
 from haystack.testing.preview.document_store import DocumentStoreBaseTests
 
 
@@ -18,6 +18,53 @@ class TestMemoryDocumentStore(DocumentStoreBaseTests):
     def docstore(self) -> MemoryDocumentStore:
         return MemoryDocumentStore()
 
+    @pytest.mark.unit
+    def test_to_dict(self):
+        store = MemoryDocumentStore()
+        data = store.to_dict()
+        assert data == {
+            "hash": id(store),
+            "type": "MemoryDocumentStore",
+            "init_parameters": {
+                "bm25_tokenization_regex": r"(?u)\b\w\w+\b",
+                "bm25_algorithm": "BM25Okapi",
+                "bm25_parameters": {},
+            },
+        }
+
+    @pytest.mark.unit
+    def test_to_dict_with_custom_init_parameters(self):
+        store = MemoryDocumentStore(
+            bm25_tokenization_regex="custom_regex", bm25_algorithm="BM25Plus", bm25_parameters={"key": "value"}
+        )
+        data = store.to_dict()
+        assert data == {
+            "hash": id(store),
+            "type": "MemoryDocumentStore",
+            "init_parameters": {
+                "bm25_tokenization_regex": "custom_regex",
+                "bm25_algorithm": "BM25Plus",
+                "bm25_parameters": {"key": "value"},
+            },
+        }
+
+    @pytest.mark.unit
+    @patch("haystack.preview.document_stores.memory.document_store.re")
+    def test_from_dict(self, mock_regex):
+        data = {
+            "type": "MemoryDocumentStore",
+            "init_parameters": {
+                "bm25_tokenization_regex": "custom_regex",
+                "bm25_algorithm": "BM25Plus",
+                "bm25_parameters": {"key": "value"},
+            },
+        }
+        store = MemoryDocumentStore.from_dict(data)
+        mock_regex.compile.assert_called_with("custom_regex")
+        assert store.tokenizer
+        assert store.bm25_algorithm.__name__ == "BM25Plus"
+        assert store.bm25_parameters == {"key": "value"}
+
     @pytest.mark.unit
     def test_bm25_retrieval(self, docstore: Store):
         docstore = MemoryDocumentStore()