knex/browser/websql.js

!function(e){if("object"==typeof exports&&"undefined"!=typeof module)module.exports=e();else if("function"==typeof define&&define.amd)define([],e);else{var f;"undefined"!=typeof window?f=window:"undefined"!=typeof global?f=global:"undefined"!=typeof self&&(f=self),f.Knex=e()}}(function(){var define,module,exports;return (function e(t,n,r){function s(o,u){if(!n[o]){if(!t[o]){var a=typeof require=="function"&&require;if(!u&&a)return a(o,!0);if(i)return i(o,!0);var f=new Error("Cannot find module '"+o+"'");throw f.code="MODULE_NOT_FOUND",f}var l=n[o]={exports:{}};t[o][0].call(l.exports,function(e){var n=t[o][1][e];return s(n?n:e)},l,l.exports,e,t,n,r)}return n[o].exports}var i=typeof require=="function"&&require;for(var o=0;o<r.length;o++)s(r[o]);return s})({1:[function(require,module,exports){
// Knex.js  0.7.5
// --------------

'use strict';

//     (c) 2014 Tim Griesser
//     Knex may be freely distributed under the MIT license.
//     For details and documentation:
//     http://knexjs.org

// The "Knex" object we're exporting is just a passthrough to `Knex.initialize`.
function Knex() {
  return Knex.initialize.apply(null, arguments);
}

// Require the main constructors necessary for a `Knex` instance,
// each of which are injected with the current instance, so they maintain
// the correct client reference & grammar.
var Raw = require('./lib/raw');

// Run a "raw" query, though we can't do anything with it other than put
// it in a query statement.
Knex.raw = function(sql, bindings) {
  return new Raw(sql, bindings);
};

// Doing it this way makes it easier to build for browserify.
var mysql = function() { return require('./lib/dialects/mysql'); };
var mysql2 = function() { return require('./lib/dialects/mysql2'); };
var maria = function() { return require('./lib/dialects/maria'); };
var oracle = function() { return require('./lib/dialects/oracle'); };
var pg = function() { return require('./lib/dialects/postgres'); };
var sqlite3 = function() { return require('./lib/dialects/sqlite3'); };
var websql = function() { return require('./lib/dialects/websql'); };

// The client names we'll allow in the `{name: lib}` pairing.
var Clients = Knex.Clients = {
  'mysql'      : mysql,
  'mysql2'     : mysql2,
  'maria'      : maria,
  'mariadb'    : maria,
  'mariasql'   : maria,
  'oracle'     : oracle,
  'pg'         : pg,
  'postgres'   : pg,
  'postgresql' : pg,
  'sqlite'     : sqlite3,
  'sqlite3'    : sqlite3,
  'websql'     : websql
};

// Each of the methods which may be statically chained from knex.
var QueryInterface   = require('./lib/query/methods');

// Create a new "knex" instance with the appropriate configured client.
Knex.initialize = function(config) {
  var Dialect, client;
  var EventEmitter = require('events').EventEmitter;

  // The object we're potentially using to kick off an
  // initial chain. It is assumed that `knex` isn't a
  // constructor, so we have no reference to 'this' just
  // in case it's called with `new`.
  function knex(tableName) {
    var qb = new client.QueryBuilder();
    if (config.__transactor__) qb.transacting(config.__transactor__);
    return tableName ? qb.table(tableName) : qb;
  }

  // Hook up the "knex" object as an EventEmitter.
  var ee = new EventEmitter();
  for (var key in ee) {
    knex[key] = ee[key];
  }

  // The `__knex__` is used if you need to duck-type check whether this
  // is a knex builder, without a full on `instanceof` check.
  knex.VERSION = knex.__knex__  = '0.7.5';
  knex.raw = function(sql, bindings) {
    var raw = new client.Raw(sql, bindings);
    if (config.__transactor__) raw.transacting(config.__transactor__);
    return raw;
  };

  // Runs a new transaction, taking a container and returning a promise
  // for when the transaction is resolved.
  knex.transaction = function(container) {
    return new client.Transaction(container);
  };

  // Convenience method for tearing down the pool.
  knex.destroy = function (callback) {
    return this.client.destroy(callback);
  };

  if (config.__client__) {
    client = config.__client__;
  } else {

    // Build the "client"
    var clientName = config.client || config.dialect;
    if (!Clients[clientName]) {
      throw new Error(clientName + ' is not a valid Knex client, did you misspell it?');
    }
    knex.toString = function() {
      return '[object Knex:' + clientName + ']';
    };
    Dialect = Clients[clientName]();
    client  = new Dialect(config);

    // Passthrough all "start" and "query" events to the knex object.
    client.on('start', function(obj) {
      knex.emit('start', obj);
    });
    client.on('query', function(obj) {
      knex.emit('query', obj);
    });
  }

  // Allow chaining methods from the root object, before
  // any other information is specified.
  QueryInterface.forEach(function(method) {
    knex[method] = function() {
      var builder = knex();
      return builder[method].apply(builder, arguments);
    };
  });
  knex.client = client;

  Object.defineProperties(knex, {

    // Lazy-load / return a "schema" builder object, ensuring it's context-aware.
    schema: {
      get: function() {
        if (!client.SchemaBuilder) client.initSchema();
        var builder = new client.SchemaBuilder();
        if (config.__transactor__) builder.transacting(config.__transactor__);
        return builder;
      }
    },

    // Lazy-load / return a `Migrator` object.
    migrate: {
      get: function() {
        if (!client.Migrator) client.initMigrator();
        return new client.Migrator(knex);
      }
    },

    // Lazy-load / return a `Seeder` object.
    seed: {
      get: function() {
        if (!client.Seeder) client.initSeeder();
        return new client.Seeder(knex);
      }
    },

    // Lazy-load / return a `FunctionHelper` object.
    fn: {
      get: function() {
        if (!client.FunctionHelper) client.initFunctionHelper();
        return client.FunctionHelper;
      }
    }
  });

  return knex;
};

module.exports = Knex;

},{"./lib/dialects/maria":undefined,"./lib/dialects/mysql":undefined,"./lib/dialects/mysql2":undefined,"./lib/dialects/oracle":undefined,"./lib/dialects/postgres":undefined,"./lib/dialects/sqlite3":undefined,"./lib/dialects/websql":19,"./lib/query/methods":30,"./lib/raw":31,"events":83}],2:[function(require,module,exports){
'use strict';

// "Base Client"
// ------
var Promise    = require('./promise');
var _          = require('lodash');
var inherits   = require('inherits');
var EventEmitter = require('events').EventEmitter;

// The base client provides the general structure
// for a dialect specific client object. The client
// object attaches fresh constructors for each component
// of the library.
function Client(config) {
  this.initFormatter();
  this.initRaw();
  this.initTransaction();
  this.initQuery();
  this.migrationConfig = _.clone(config && config.migrations);
  this.seedConfig = _.clone(config && config.seeds);
}
inherits(Client, EventEmitter);

// Set the "isDebugging" flag on the client to "true" to log
// all queries run by the client.
Client.prototype.isDebugging = false;

// Acquire a connection from the pool.
Client.prototype.acquireConnection = function() {
  var pool = this.pool;
  return new Promise(function(resolver, rejecter) {
    if (!pool) return rejecter(new Error('There is no pool defined on the current client'));
    pool.acquire(function(err, connection) {
      if (err) return rejecter(err);
      resolver(connection);
    });
  });
};

// Releases a connection from the connection pool,
// returning a promise resolved when the connection is released.
Client.prototype.releaseConnection = function(connection) {
  var pool = this.pool;
  return new Promise(function(resolver, rejecter) {
    pool.release(connection, function(err) {
      if (err) return rejecter(err);
      resolver(connection);
    });
  });
};

// Destroy the current connection pool for the client.
Client.prototype.destroy = function(callback) {
  var pool = this.pool;
  var promise = new Promise(function(resolver, rejecter) {
    if (!pool) resolver();
    pool.destroy(function(err) {
      if (err) return rejecter(err);
      resolver();
    });
  });
  // Allow either a callback or promise interface for destruction.
  if (typeof callback === 'function') {
    promise.exec(callback);
  } else {
    return promise;
  }
};

// Return the database being used by this client.
Client.prototype.database = function() {
  return this.databaseName || this.connectionSettings.database;
};

module.exports = Client;

},{"./promise":26,"events":83,"inherits":87,"lodash":88}],3:[function(require,module,exports){
(function (Buffer){
'use strict';

function zeroPad(number, length) {
  number = number.toString();
  while (number.length < length) {
    number = '0' + number;
  }

  return number;
}

function convertTimezone(tz) {
  if (tz === "Z") return 0;

  var m = tz.match(/([\+\-\s])(\d\d):?(\d\d)?/);
  if (m) {
    return (m[1] === '-' ? -1 : 1) * (parseInt(m[2], 10) + ((m[3] ? parseInt(m[3], 10) : 0) / 60)) * 60;
  }
  return false;
}

var SqlString = exports;

SqlString.escapeId = function (val, forbidQualified) {
  if (Array.isArray(val)) {
    return val.map(function(v) {
      return SqlString.escapeId(v, forbidQualified);
    }).join(', ');
  }

  if (forbidQualified) {
    return '`' + val.replace(/`/g, '``') + '`';
  }
  return '`' + val.replace(/`/g, '``').replace(/\./g, '`.`') + '`';
};

SqlString.escape = function(val, stringifyObjects, timeZone) {
  if (val === undefined || val === null) {
    return 'NULL';
  }

  switch (typeof val) {
    case 'boolean': return (val) ? 'true' : 'false';
    case 'number': return val+'';
  }

  if (val instanceof Date) {
    val = SqlString.dateToString(val, timeZone || 'local');
  }

  if (Buffer.isBuffer(val)) {
    return SqlString.bufferToString(val);
  }

  if (Array.isArray(val)) {
    return SqlString.arrayToList(val, timeZone);
  }

  if (typeof val === 'object') {
    if (stringifyObjects) {
      val = val.toString();
    } else {
      return SqlString.objectToValues(val, timeZone);
    }
  }

  val = val.replace(/[\0\n\r\b\t\\\'\"\x1a]/g, function(s) {
    switch(s) {
      case "\0": return "\\0";
      case "\n": return "\\n";
      case "\r": return "\\r";
      case "\b": return "\\b";
      case "\t": return "\\t";
      case "\x1a": return "\\Z";
      default: return "\\"+s;
    }
  });
  return "'"+val+"'";
};

SqlString.arrayToList = function(array, timeZone) {
  return array.map(function(v) {
    if (Array.isArray(v)) return '(' + SqlString.arrayToList(v, timeZone) + ')';
    return SqlString.escape(v, true, timeZone);
  }).join(', ');
};

SqlString.format = function(sql, values, stringifyObjects, timeZone) {
  values = !values ? [] : [].concat(values);

  return sql.replace(/\?\??/g, function(match) {
    if (!values.length) {
      return match;
    }

    if (match === "??") {
      return SqlString.escapeId(values.shift());
    }
    return SqlString.escape(values.shift(), stringifyObjects, timeZone);
  });
};

SqlString.dateToString = function(date, timeZone) {
  var dt = new Date(date);

  if (timeZone !== 'local') {
    var tz = convertTimezone(timeZone);

    dt.setTime(dt.getTime() + (dt.getTimezoneOffset() * 60000));
    if (tz !== false) {
      dt.setTime(dt.getTime() + (tz * 60000));
    }
  }

  var year   = dt.getFullYear();
  var month  = zeroPad(dt.getMonth() + 1, 2);
  var day    = zeroPad(dt.getDate(), 2);
  var hour   = zeroPad(dt.getHours(), 2);
  var minute = zeroPad(dt.getMinutes(), 2);
  var second = zeroPad(dt.getSeconds(), 2);
  var millisecond = zeroPad(dt.getMilliseconds(), 3);

  return year + '-' + month + '-' + day + ' ' + hour + ':' + minute + ':' + second + '.' + millisecond;
};

SqlString.bufferToString = function(buffer) {
  var hex = '';
  try {
    hex = buffer.toString('hex');
  } catch (err) {
    // node v0.4.x does not support hex / throws unknown encoding error
    for (var i = 0; i < buffer.length; i++) {
      var byte = buffer[i];
      hex += zeroPad(byte.toString(16));
    }
  }

  return "X'" + hex+ "'";
};

SqlString.objectToValues = function(object, timeZone) {
  var values = [];
  for (var key in object) {
    var value = object[key];
    if(typeof value === 'function') {
      continue;
    }

    values.push(this.escapeId(key) + ' = ' + SqlString.escape(value, true, timeZone));
  }

  return values.join(', ');
};

}).call(this,require("buffer").Buffer)
},{"buffer":79}],4:[function(require,module,exports){
'use strict';

// SQLite3 Formatter
// -------
module.exports = function(client) {

var Formatter = require('../../formatter');
var inherits  = require('inherits');

// The "formatter" is used to ensure all output is properly
// escaped & parameterized.
function Formatter_SQLite3() {
  this.client = client;
  Formatter.apply(this, arguments);
}
inherits(Formatter_SQLite3, Formatter);

Formatter_SQLite3.prototype.operators = [
  '=', '<', '>', '<=', '>=', '<>', '!=',
  'like', 'not like', 'between', 'ilike',
  '&', '|', '<<', '>>'
];

// Wraps a value (column, tableName) with the correct ticks.
Formatter_SQLite3.prototype.wrapValue = function(value) {
  return (value !== '*' ? '"' + value + '"' : '*');
};

// Memoize the calls to "wrap" for a little extra perf.
var wrapperMemo = (function(){
  var memo = Object.create(null);
  return function(key) {
    if (memo[key] === void 0) {
      memo[key] = this._wrapString(key);
    }
    return memo[key];
  };
}());

Formatter_SQLite3.prototype._wrap = wrapperMemo;

// Assign the formatter to the the client.
client.Formatter = Formatter_SQLite3;

};
},{"../../formatter":21,"inherits":87}],5:[function(require,module,exports){
'use strict';

module.exports = function(client) {

var FunctionHelper = require('../../functionhelper');

var FunctionHelper_SQLite3 = Object.create(FunctionHelper);
FunctionHelper_SQLite3.client = client;

// Assign the newly extended `FunctionHelper` constructor to the client object.
client.FunctionHelper = FunctionHelper_SQLite3;

};
},{"../../functionhelper":22}],6:[function(require,module,exports){
'use strict';

// SQLite3
// -------

var inherits = require('inherits');

var Client  = require('../../client');
var Promise = require('../../promise');

function Client_SQLite3(config) {
  Client.apply(this, arguments);
  if (config.debug) this.isDebugging = true;
  if (config.connection) {
    this.initDriver();
    this.initRunner();
    this.connectionSettings = config.connection;
    this.initPool();
    this.pool = new this.Pool(config.pool);
  }
  // Todo: Plugins here possibly??
}
inherits(Client_SQLite3, Client);

// Lazy load the sqlite3 module, since we might just be using
// the client to generate SQL strings.
var sqlite3;

Client_SQLite3.prototype.dialect = 'sqlite3';

Client_SQLite3.prototype.initTransaction = function() {
  require('./transaction')(this);
};

Client_SQLite3.prototype.initFormatter = function() {
  require('./formatter')(this);
};

// Lazy-load the sqlite3 dependency.
Client_SQLite3.prototype.initDriver = function() {
  sqlite3 = sqlite3 || require('sqlite3');
};

// Initialize the raw connection on the client.
Client_SQLite3.prototype.initRaw = function() {
  require('./raw')(this);
};

// Attaches the `FunctionHelper` constructor to the client object.
Client_SQLite3.prototype.initFunctionHelper = function() {
  require('./functionhelper')(this);
};

// Always initialize with the "Query" and "QueryCompiler"
// objects, each of which is unique to this client (and thus)
// can be altered without messing up anything for anyone else.
Client_SQLite3.prototype.initQuery = function() {
  require('./query')(this);
};

// Initializes a new pool instance for the current client.
Client_SQLite3.prototype.initPool = function() {
  require('./pool')(this);
};

// Initialize the query "runner"
Client_SQLite3.prototype.initRunner = function() {
  require('./runner')(this);
};

// Lazy-load the schema dependencies.
Client_SQLite3.prototype.initSchema = function() {
  require('./schema')(this);
};

// Lazy-load the migration dependency
Client_SQLite3.prototype.initMigrator = function() {
    require('./migrator')(this);
};

// Lazy-load the seeding dependency
Client_SQLite3.prototype.initSeeder = function() {
    require('./seeder')(this);
};

// Get a raw connection from the database, returning a promise with the connection object.
Client_SQLite3.prototype.acquireRawConnection = function() {
  var driver = this;
  return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
    var db = new sqlite3.Database(driver.connectionSettings.filename, function(err) {
      if (err) return reject(err);
      resolve(db);
    });
  });
};

// Used to explicitly close a connection, called internally by the pool
// when a connection times out or the pool is shutdown.
Client_SQLite3.prototype.destroyRawConnection = Promise.method(function(connection) {
  connection.close();
});

module.exports = Client_SQLite3;
},{"../../client":2,"../../promise":26,"./formatter":4,"./functionhelper":5,"./migrator":7,"./pool":8,"./query":9,"./raw":10,"./runner":11,"./schema":14,"./seeder":17,"./transaction":18,"inherits":87,"sqlite3":undefined}],7:[function(require,module,exports){
'use strict';

module.exports = function(client) {

var Migrator = require('../../migrate');
var inherits = require('inherits');

// Inherit from the `Migrator` constructor's prototype,
// so we can add the correct `then` method.
function Migrator_SQLite3() {
  this.client = client;
  Migrator.apply(this, arguments);
}
inherits(Migrator_SQLite3, Migrator);

// Assign the newly extended `Migrator` constructor to the client object.
client.Migrator = Migrator_SQLite3;

};
},{"../../migrate":undefined,"inherits":87}],8:[function(require,module,exports){
'use strict';

module.exports = function(client) {

var Pool     = require('../../pool');
var inherits = require('inherits');
var _        = require('lodash');

// Inherit from the `Pool` constructor's prototype.
function Pool_SQLite3() {
  this.client = client;
  Pool.apply(this, arguments);
}
inherits(Pool_SQLite3, Pool);

Pool_SQLite3.prototype.defaults = function() {
  return _.extend(Pool.prototype.defaults.call(this), {
    max: 1,
    min: 1,
    destroy: function(client) { client.close(); }
  });
};

// Assign the newly extended `Pool` constructor to the client object.
client.Pool = Pool_SQLite3;

};
},{"../../pool":25,"inherits":87,"lodash":88}],9:[function(require,module,exports){
'use strict';

// SQLite3 Query Builder & Compiler
// -------
module.exports = function(client) {

var _        = require('lodash');
var inherits = require('inherits');

var Raw           = require('../../raw');
var QueryBuilder  = require('../../query/builder');
var QueryCompiler = require('../../query/compiler');

// Query Builder
// -------
function QueryBuilder_SQLite3() {
  this.client = client;
  QueryBuilder.apply(this, arguments);
}
inherits(QueryBuilder_SQLite3, QueryBuilder);

// Adds a raw `where` clause to the query.
QueryBuilder_SQLite3.prototype.whereRaw =
QueryBuilder_SQLite3.prototype.andWhereRaw = function(sql, bindings) {
  // sqlite uses ints for bools, so cast true/false to 1/0
  if (typeof sql === 'boolean') { sql = Number(sql); }
  var raw = (sql instanceof Raw ? sql : new Raw(sql, bindings));
  this._statements.push({
    grouping: 'where',
    type: 'whereRaw',
    value: raw,
    bool: this._bool()
  });
  return this;
};

// Query Compiler
// -------
function QueryCompiler_SQLite3() {
  this.formatter = new client.Formatter();
  QueryCompiler.apply(this, arguments);
}
inherits(QueryCompiler_SQLite3, QueryCompiler);

// The locks are not applicable in SQLite3
QueryCompiler_SQLite3.prototype.forShare =
QueryCompiler_SQLite3.prototype.forUpdate = function() {
  return '';
};

// SQLite requires us to build the multi-row insert as a listing of select with
// unions joining them together. So we'll build out this list of columns and
// then join them all together with select unions to complete the queries.
QueryCompiler_SQLite3.prototype.insert = function() {
  var insert = this.single.insert;
  var sql = 'insert into ' + this.tableName + ' ';

  if (_.isArray(insert) && (insert.length === 1) && _.isEmpty(insert[0])) {
    insert = [];
  }

  if (_.isEmpty(insert) && !_.isFunction(insert)) {
    return sql + 'default values';
  }
  var insertData = this._prepInsert(insert);
  if (_.isString(insertData)) return sql + insertData;
  sql += '(' + this.formatter.columnize(insertData.columns) + ')';
  if (insertData.values.length === 1) {
    return sql + ' values (' + this.formatter.parameterize(insertData.values[0]) + ')';
  }
  var blocks = [];
  for (var i = 0, l = insertData.values.length; i < l; i++) {
    var block = blocks[i] = [];
    var current = insertData.values[i];
    for (var i2 = 0, l2 = insertData.columns.length; i2 < l2; i2++) {
      block.push(this.formatter.parameter(current[i2]) + ' as ' + this.formatter.wrap(insertData.columns[i2]));
    }
    blocks[i] = block.join(', ');
  }
  return sql + ' select ' + blocks.join(' union all select ');
};

// Compile a truncate table statement into SQL.
QueryCompiler_SQLite3.prototype.truncate = function() {
  var table = this.tableName;
  return {
    sql: 'delete from sqlite_sequence where name = ' + this.tableName,
    output: function() {
      return this.query({sql: 'delete from ' + table});
    }
  };
};

// Compiles a `columnInfo` query
QueryCompiler_SQLite3.prototype.columnInfo = function() {
  var column = this.single.columnInfo;
  return {
    sql: 'PRAGMA table_info(' + this.single.table +')',
    output: function(resp) {
      var maxLengthRegex = /.*\((\d+)\)/;
      var out = _.reduce(resp, function (columns, val) {
        var type = val.type;
        var maxLength = (maxLength = type.match(maxLengthRegex)) && maxLength[1];
        type = maxLength ? type.split('(')[0] : type;
        columns[val.name] = {
          type: type.toLowerCase(),
          maxLength: maxLength,
          nullable: !val.notnull,
          defaultValue: val.dflt_value
        };
        return columns;
      }, {});
      return column && out[column] || out;
    }
  };
};

QueryCompiler_SQLite3.prototype.limit = function() {
  var noLimit = !this.single.limit && this.single.limit !== 0;
  if (noLimit && !this.single.offset) return '';

  // Workaround for offset only, see http://stackoverflow.com/questions/10491492/sqllite-with-skip-offset-only-not-limit
  return 'limit ' + this.formatter.parameter((this.single.offset && noLimit) ? -1 : this.single.limit);
};

client.QueryBuilder = QueryBuilder_SQLite3;
client.QueryCompiler = QueryCompiler_SQLite3;

};

},{"../../query/builder":27,"../../query/compiler":28,"../../raw":31,"inherits":87,"lodash":88}],10:[function(require,module,exports){
'use strict';

// Raw
// -------
module.exports = function(client) {

var Raw = require('../../raw');
var inherits = require('inherits');

// Inherit from the `Raw` constructor's prototype,
// so we can add the correct `then` method.
function Raw_SQLite3() {
  this.client = client;
  Raw.apply(this, arguments);
}
inherits(Raw_SQLite3, Raw);

// Assign the newly extended `Raw` constructor to the client object.
client.Raw = Raw_SQLite3;

};
},{"../../raw":31,"inherits":87}],11:[function(require,module,exports){
'use strict';

// Runner
// -------
module.exports = function(client) {

var _        = require('lodash');
var Promise  = require('../../promise');
var Runner   = require('../../runner');
var helpers  = require('../../helpers');

var inherits = require('inherits');

// Inherit from the `Runner` constructor's prototype,
// so we can add the correct `then` method.
function Runner_SQLite3() {
  this.client = client;
  Runner.apply(this, arguments);
}
inherits(Runner_SQLite3, Runner);

Runner_SQLite3.prototype._beginTransaction = 'begin transaction;';

// Runs the query on the specified connection, providing the bindings and any other necessary prep work.
Runner_SQLite3.prototype._query = Promise.method(function(obj) {
  var method = obj.method;
  if (this.isDebugging()) this.debug(obj);
  var callMethod;
  switch (method) {
    case 'insert':
    case 'update':
    case 'counter':
    case 'del':
      callMethod = 'run';
      break;
    default:
      callMethod = 'all';
  }
  var connection = this.connection;
  return new Promise(function(resolver, rejecter) {
    if (!connection || !connection[callMethod]) {
      return rejecter(new Error('Error calling ' + callMethod + ' on connection.'));
    }
    connection[callMethod](obj.sql, obj.bindings, function(err, response) {
      if (err) return rejecter(err);
      obj.response = response;

      // We need the context here, as it contains
      // the "this.lastID" or "this.changes"
      obj.context  = this;
      return resolver(obj);
    });
  });
});

// Sounds like .each doesn't work great for
Runner_SQLite3.prototype._stream = Promise.method(function(sql, stream, options) {
  /*jshint unused: false*/
  var runner = this;
  return new Promise(function(resolver, rejecter) {
    stream.on('error', rejecter);
    stream.on('end', resolver);
    return runner.query(sql).map(function(row) {
      stream.write(row);
    }).catch(function(err) {
      stream.emit('error', err);
    }).then(function() {
      stream.end();
    });
  });
});

// Ensures the response is returned in the same format as other clients.
Runner_SQLite3.prototype.processResponse = function(obj) {
  var ctx      = obj.context;
  var response = obj.response;
  if (obj.output) return obj.output.call(this, response);
  switch (obj.method) {
    case 'select':
    case 'pluck':
    case 'first':
      response = helpers.skim(response);
      if (obj.method === 'pluck') response = _.pluck(response, obj.pluck);
      return obj.method === 'first' ? response[0] : response;
    case 'insert':
      return [ctx.lastID];
    case 'del':
    case 'update':
    case 'counter':
      return ctx.changes;
    default:
      return response;
  }
};

// Assign the newly extended `Runner` constructor to the client object.
client.Runner = Runner_SQLite3;

};

},{"../../helpers":23,"../../promise":26,"../../runner":32,"inherits":87,"lodash":88}],12:[function(require,module,exports){
'use strict';

// SQLite3: Column Builder & Compiler
// -------
module.exports = function(client) {

var inherits = require('inherits');
var Schema   = require('../../../schema');

// Column Builder
// -------

function ColumnBuilder_SQLite3() {
  this.client = client;
  Schema.ColumnBuilder.apply(this, arguments);
}
inherits(ColumnBuilder_SQLite3, Schema.ColumnBuilder);

// Column Compiler
// -------

function ColumnCompiler_SQLite3() {
  this.modifiers = ['nullable', 'defaultTo'];
  this.Formatter = client.Formatter;
  Schema.ColumnCompiler.apply(this, arguments);
}
inherits(ColumnCompiler_SQLite3, Schema.ColumnCompiler);

// Types
// -------

ColumnCompiler_SQLite3.prototype.double =
ColumnCompiler_SQLite3.prototype.decimal =
ColumnCompiler_SQLite3.prototype.floating = 'float';
ColumnCompiler_SQLite3.prototype.timestamp = 'datetime';

client.ColumnBuilder = ColumnBuilder_SQLite3;
client.ColumnCompiler = ColumnCompiler_SQLite3;

};
},{"../../../schema":37,"inherits":87}],13:[function(require,module,exports){
'use strict';

// SQLite3_DDL
//
// All of the SQLite3 specific DDL helpers for renaming/dropping
// columns and changing datatypes.
// -------
module.exports = function(client) {

var _       = require('lodash');
var Promise = require('../../../promise');

// So altering the schema in SQLite3 is a major pain.
// We have our own object to deal with the renaming and altering the types
// for sqlite3 things.
function SQLite3_DDL(runner, tableCompiler, pragma) {
  this.tableCompiler = tableCompiler;
  this.pragma = pragma;
  this.runner = runner;
  this.formatter = new client.Formatter();
  this.tableName = this.tableCompiler.tableNameRaw;
  this.alteredName = '_knex_temp_alter' + _.uniqueId();
}

SQLite3_DDL.prototype.getColumn = Promise.method(function(column) {
  var currentCol = _.findWhere(this.pragma, {name: column});
  if (!currentCol) throw new Error('The column ' + column + ' is not in the ' + this.tableName + ' table');
  return currentCol;
});

SQLite3_DDL.prototype.ensureTransaction = Promise.method(function() {
  if (!this.runner.transaction) {
    return this.runner.beginTransaction();
  }
});

SQLite3_DDL.prototype.commitTransaction = Promise.method(function() {
  if (!this.runner.transaction) {
    return this.runner.commitTransaction();
  }
});

SQLite3_DDL.prototype.rollbackTransaction = function(e) {
  if (this.runner.transaction) throw e;
  return this.runner.rollbackTransaction().throw(e);
};

SQLite3_DDL.prototype.getTableSql = function() {
  return this.runner.query({sql: 'SELECT name, sql FROM sqlite_master WHERE type="table" AND name="' + this.tableName + '"'});
};

SQLite3_DDL.prototype.renameTable = Promise.method(function() {
  return this.runner.query({sql: 'ALTER TABLE "' + this.tableName + '" RENAME TO "' + this.alteredName + '"'});
});

SQLite3_DDL.prototype.dropOriginal = function() {
  return this.runner.query({sql: 'DROP TABLE "' + this.tableName + '"'});
};

SQLite3_DDL.prototype.dropTempTable = function() {
  return this.runner.query({sql: 'DROP TABLE "' + this.alteredName + '"'});
};

SQLite3_DDL.prototype.copyData = function() {
  return this.runner.query({sql: 'SELECT * FROM "' + this.tableName + '"'})
    .bind(this)
    .then(this.insertChunked(20, this.alteredName));
};

SQLite3_DDL.prototype.reinsertData = function(iterator) {
  return function() {
    return this.runner.query({sql: 'SELECT * FROM "' + this.alteredName + '"'})
      .bind(this)
      .then(this.insertChunked(20, this.tableName, iterator));
  };
};

SQLite3_DDL.prototype.insertChunked = function(amount, target, iterator) {
  iterator = iterator || function(noop) { return noop; };
  return function(result) {
    var batch = [];
    var ddl = this;
    return Promise.reduce(result, function(memo, row) {
      memo++;
      batch.push(row);
      if (memo % 20 === 0 || memo === result.length) {
        return new client.QueryBuilder()
          .connection(ddl.runner.connection)
          .table(target)
          .insert(_.map(batch, iterator))
          .then(function() { batch = []; })
          .thenReturn(memo);
      }
      return memo;
    }, 0);
  };
};

SQLite3_DDL.prototype.createTempTable = function(createTable) {
  return function() {
    return this.runner.query({sql: createTable.sql.replace(this.tableName, this.alteredName)});
  };
};

// Boy, this is quite a method.
SQLite3_DDL.prototype.renameColumn = Promise.method(function(from, to) {
  var currentCol;
  return this.ensureTransaction()
    .bind(this)
    .then(function() {
      return this.getColumn(from);
    })
    .tap(function(col) { currentCol = col; })
    .then(this.getTableSql)
    .then(function(sql) {
      var createTable = sql[0];
      var a = this.formatter.wrap(from) + ' ' + currentCol.type;
      var b = this.formatter.wrap(to)   + ' ' + currentCol.type;
      if (createTable.sql.indexOf(a) === -1) {
        throw new Error('Unable to find the column to change');
      }
      return Promise.bind(this)
      .then(this.createTempTable(createTable))
      .then(this.copyData)
      .then(this.dropOriginal)
      .then(function() {
        return this.runner.query({sql: createTable.sql.replace(a, b)});
      })
      .then(this.reinsertData(function(row) {
        row[to] = row[from];
        return _.omit(row, from);
      }))
      .then(this.dropTempTable);
    })
    .tap(this.commitTransaction)
    .catch(this.rollbackTransaction);
});

SQLite3_DDL.prototype.dropColumn = Promise.method(function(column) {
   var currentCol;
   return this.ensureTransaction()
    .bind(this)
    .then(function() {
      return this.getColumn(column);
    })
    .tap(function(col) { currentCol = col; })
    .then(this.getTableSql)
    .then(function(sql) {
      var createTable = sql[0];
      var a;
      var a0 = this.formatter.wrap(column) + ' ' + currentCol.type;
      var al = a0 + ', ';
       if (createTable.sql.indexOf(al) !== -1) {
         a = al;
       } else {
         var af = ', ' + a0;
         if (createTable.sql.indexOf(af) !== -1) {
           a = af;
         }
       }
      if (!a) {
        throw new Error('Unable to find the column to change');
      }
      return Promise.bind(this)
        .then(this.createTempTable(createTable))
        .then(this.copyData)
        .then(this.dropOriginal)
        .then(function() {
          return this.runner.query({sql: createTable.sql.replace(a, '')});
        })
        .then(this.reinsertData(function(row) {
          return _.omit(row, column);
        }))
        .then(this.dropTempTable);
    })
    .tap(this.commitTransaction)
    .catch(this.rollbackTransaction);
});

client.SQLite3_DDL = SQLite3_DDL;

};

},{"../../../promise":26,"lodash":88}],14:[function(require,module,exports){
'use strict';

module.exports = function(client) {
  require('./ddl')(client);
  require('./schema')(client);
  require('./table')(client);
  require('./column')(client);
};
},{"./column":12,"./ddl":13,"./schema":15,"./table":16}],15:[function(require,module,exports){
'use strict';

// SQLite3: Column Builder & Compiler
// -------
module.exports = function(client) {

var _        = require('lodash');
var inherits = require('inherits');
var Schema   = require('../../../schema');

// Schema Builder
// -------

function SchemaBuilder_SQLite3() {
  this.client = client;
  Schema.Builder.apply(this, arguments);
}
inherits(SchemaBuilder_SQLite3, Schema.Builder);

// Schema Compiler
// -------

function SchemaCompiler_SQLite3() {
  this.client = client;
  this.Formatter = client.Formatter;
  Schema.Compiler.apply(this, arguments);
}
inherits(SchemaCompiler_SQLite3, Schema.Compiler);

// Compile the query to determine if a table exists.
SchemaCompiler_SQLite3.prototype.hasTable = function(tableName) {
  this.pushQuery({
    sql: "select * from sqlite_master where type = 'table' and name = " + this.formatter.parameter(tableName),
    output: function(resp) {
      return resp.length > 0;
    }
  });
};

// Compile the query to determine if a column exists.
SchemaCompiler_SQLite3.prototype.hasColumn = function(tableName, column) {
  this.pushQuery({
    sql: 'PRAGMA table_info(' + this.formatter.wrap(tableName) + ')',
    output: function(resp) {
      return _.some(resp, {name: column});
    }
  });
};

// Compile a rename table command.
SchemaCompiler_SQLite3.prototype.renameTable = function(from, to) {
  this.pushQuery('alter table ' + this.formatter.wrap(from) + ' rename to ' + this.formatter.wrap(to));
};

client.SchemaBuilder = SchemaBuilder_SQLite3;
client.SchemaCompiler = SchemaCompiler_SQLite3;

};
},{"../../../schema":37,"inherits":87,"lodash":88}],16:[function(require,module,exports){
'use strict';

// SQLite3: Column Builder & Compiler
// -------
module.exports = function(client) {

var _        = require('lodash');
var inherits = require('inherits');
var Schema   = require('../../../schema');

// Table Builder
// -------

function TableBuilder_SQLite3() {
  this.client = client;
  Schema.TableBuilder.apply(this, arguments);
}
inherits(TableBuilder_SQLite3, Schema.TableBuilder);

// Table Compiler
// -------

function TableCompiler_SQLite3() {
  this.client = client;
  this.Formatter = client.Formatter;
  this.SQLite3_DDL = client.SQLite3_DDL;
  this.primaryKey = void 0;
  Schema.TableCompiler.apply(this, arguments);
}
inherits(TableCompiler_SQLite3, Schema.TableCompiler);

// Create a new table.
TableCompiler_SQLite3.prototype.createQuery = function(columns, ifNot) {
  var createStatement = ifNot ? 'create table if not exists ' : 'create table ';
  var sql = createStatement + this.tableName() + ' (' + columns.sql.join(', ');

  // SQLite forces primary keys to be added when the table is initially created
  // so we will need to check for a primary key commands and add the columns
  // to the table's declaration here so they can be created on the tables.
  sql += this.foreignKeys() || '';
  sql += this.primaryKeys() || '';
  sql += ')';

  this.pushQuery(sql);
};

TableCompiler_SQLite3.prototype.addColumns = function(columns) {
  for (var i = 0, l = columns.sql.length; i < l; i++) {
    this.pushQuery({
      sql: 'alter table ' + this.tableName() + ' add column ' + columns.sql[i],
      bindings: columns.bindings[i]
    });
  }
};

// Compile a drop unique key command.
TableCompiler_SQLite3.prototype.dropUnique = function(columns, indexName) {
  indexName = indexName || this._indexCommand('unique', this.tableNameRaw, columns);
  this.pushQuery('drop index ' + indexName);
};

TableCompiler_SQLite3.prototype.dropIndex = function(columns, indexName) {
  indexName = indexName || this._indexCommand('index', this.tableNameRaw, columns);
  this.pushQuery('drop index ' + indexName);
};

// Compile a unique key command.
TableCompiler_SQLite3.prototype.unique = function(columns, indexName) {
  indexName = indexName || this._indexCommand('unique', this.tableNameRaw, columns);
  columns = this.formatter.columnize(columns);
  this.pushQuery('create unique index ' + indexName + ' on ' + this.tableName() + ' (' + columns + ')');
};

// Compile a plain index key command.
TableCompiler_SQLite3.prototype.index = function(columns, indexName) {
  indexName = indexName || this._indexCommand('index', this.tableNameRaw, columns);
  columns = this.formatter.columnize(columns);
  this.pushQuery('create index ' + indexName + ' on ' + this.tableName() + ' (' + columns + ')');
};

TableCompiler_SQLite3.prototype.primary =
TableCompiler_SQLite3.prototype.foreign = function() {
  if (this.method !== 'create') {
    console.warn('SQLite3 Foreign & Primary keys may only be added on create');
  }
};

TableCompiler_SQLite3.prototype.primaryKeys = function() {
  var pks = _.where(this.grouped.alterTable || [], {method: 'primary'});
  if (pks.length > 0 && pks[0].args.length > 0) {
    var args = _.isArray(pks[0].args[0]) ? pks[0].args[0] : pks[0].args;
    return ', primary key (' + this.formatter.columnize(args) + ')';
  }
};

TableCompiler_SQLite3.prototype.foreignKeys = function() {
  var sql = '';
  var foreignKeys = _.where(this.grouped.alterTable || [], {method: 'foreign'});
  for (var i = 0, l = foreignKeys.length; i < l; i++) {
    var foreign       = foreignKeys[i].args[0];
    var column        = this.formatter.columnize(foreign.column);
    var references    = this.formatter.columnize(foreign.references);
    var foreignTable  = this.formatter.wrap(foreign.inTable);
    sql += ', foreign key(' + column + ') references ' + foreignTable + '(' + references + ')';
    if (foreign.onDelete) sql += ' on delete ' + foreign.onDelete;
    if (foreign.onUpdate) sql += ' on update ' + foreign.onUpdate;
  }
  return sql;
};

TableCompiler_SQLite3.prototype.createTableBlock = function() {
  return this.getColumns().concat().join(',');
};

// Compile a rename column command... very complex in sqlite
TableCompiler_SQLite3.prototype.renameColumn = function(from, to) {
  var compiler = this;
  this.pushQuery({
    sql: 'PRAGMA table_info(' + this.tableName() + ')',
    output: function(pragma) {
      return new compiler.SQLite3_DDL(this, compiler, pragma).renameColumn(from, to);
    }
  });
};

TableCompiler_SQLite3.prototype.dropColumn = function(column) {
  var compiler = this;
  this.pushQuery({
    sql: 'PRAGMA table_info(' + this.tableName() + ')',
    output: function(pragma) {
      return new compiler.SQLite3_DDL(this, compiler, pragma).dropColumn(column);
    }
  });
};

client.TableBuilder = TableBuilder_SQLite3;
client.TableCompiler = TableCompiler_SQLite3;

};
},{"../../../schema":37,"inherits":87,"lodash":88}],17:[function(require,module,exports){
'use strict';

module.exports = function(client) {

var Seeder = require('../../seed');
var inherits = require('inherits');

// Inherit from the `Seeder` constructor's prototype,
// so we can add the correct `then` method.
function Seeder_SQLite3() {
  this.client = client;
  Seeder.apply(this, arguments);
}
inherits(Seeder_SQLite3, Seeder);

// Assign the newly extended `Seeder` constructor to the client object.
client.Seeder = Seeder_SQLite3;

};
},{"../../seed":undefined,"inherits":87}],18:[function(require,module,exports){
'use strict';

// SQLite3 Transaction
// -------
module.exports = function(client) {

var inherits = require('inherits');
var Transaction = require('../../transaction');

function Transaction_SQLite3() {
  this.client = client;
  Transaction.apply(this, arguments);
}
inherits(Transaction_SQLite3, Transaction);

client.Transaction = Transaction_SQLite3;

};
},{"../../transaction":40,"inherits":87}],19:[function(require,module,exports){
'use strict';

// WebSQL
// -------
var inherits = require('inherits');
var _        = require('lodash');

var Client_SQLite3 = require('../sqlite3/index');
var Promise = require('../../promise');

function Client_WebSQL(config) {
  config = config || {};
  Client_SQLite3.super_.apply(this, arguments);
  if (config.debug) this.isDebugging = true;
  this.name = config.name || 'knex_database';
  this.version = config.version || '1.0';
  this.displayName = config.displayName || this.name;
  this.estimatedSize = config.estimatedSize || 5 * 1024 * 1024;
  this.initDriver();
  this.initRunner();
  this.transaction = function () {
    return this;
  };
}
inherits(Client_WebSQL, Client_SQLite3);

Client_WebSQL.prototype.dialect = 'websql';
Client_WebSQL.prototype.initDriver = function() {};
Client_WebSQL.prototype.initPool = function() {};
Client_WebSQL.prototype.initMigrator = function() {};

// Initialize the query "runner"
Client_WebSQL.prototype.initRunner = function() {
  require('./runner')(this);
};

// Get a raw connection from the database, returning a promise with the connection object.
Client_WebSQL.prototype.acquireConnection = function() {
  var client = this;
  return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
    try {
      /*jslint browser: true*/
      var db = openDatabase(client.name, client.version, client.displayName, client.estimatedSize);
      db.transaction(function(t) {
        t.__cid = _.uniqueId('__cid');
        resolve(t);
      });
    } catch (e) {
      reject(e);
    }
  });
};

// Used to explicitly close a connection, called internally by the pool
// when a connection times out or the pool is shutdown.
Client_WebSQL.prototype.releaseConnection = Promise.method(function() {});

module.exports = Client_WebSQL;
},{"../../promise":26,"../sqlite3/index":6,"./runner":20,"inherits":87,"lodash":88}],20:[function(require,module,exports){
'use strict';

// Runner
// -------
module.exports = function(client) {

var Promise  = require('../../promise');

// Require the SQLite3 Runner.
require('../sqlite3/runner')(client);
var Runner_SQLite3 = client.Runner;

var inherits = require('inherits');
var _        = require('lodash');

// Inherit from the `Runner` constructor's prototype,
// so we can add the correct `then` method.
function Runner_WebSQL() {
  Runner_SQLite3.apply(this, arguments);
}
inherits(Runner_WebSQL, Runner_SQLite3);

// Runs the query on the specified connection, providing the bindings and any other necessary prep work.
Runner_WebSQL.prototype._query = Promise.method(function(obj) {
  if (this.isDebugging()) this.debug(obj);
  var connection = this.connection;
  return new Promise(function(resolver, rejecter) {
    if (!connection) {
      return rejecter(new Error('No connection provided.'));
    }
    connection.executeSql(obj.sql, obj.bindings, function(trx, response) {
      obj.response = response;
      return resolver(obj);
    }, function(trx, err) {
      rejecter(err);
    });
  });
});

// Null out the transaction statements so they aren't run.
Runner_WebSQL.prototype._beginTransaction    = null;
Runner_WebSQL.prototype._commitTransaction   = null;
Runner_WebSQL.prototype._rollbackTransaction = null;

// Ensures the response is returned in the same format as other clients.
Runner_WebSQL.prototype.processResponse = function(obj) {
  var resp = obj.response;
  if (obj.output) return obj.output.call(this, resp);
  switch (obj.method) {
    case 'pluck':
    case 'first':
    case 'select':
      var results = [];
      for (var i = 0, l = resp.rows.length; i < l; i++) {
        results[i] = _.clone(resp.rows.item(i));
      }
      if (obj.method === 'pluck') results = _.pluck(results, obj.pluck);
      return obj.method === 'first' ? results[0] : results;
    case 'insert':
      return [resp.insertId];
    case 'delete':
    case 'update':
    case 'counter':
      return resp.rowsAffected;
    default:
      return resp;
  }
};

// Assign the newly extended `Runner` constructor to the client object.
client.Runner = Runner_WebSQL;

};

},{"../../promise":26,"../sqlite3/runner":11,"inherits":87,"lodash":88}],21:[function(require,module,exports){
'use strict';

// Mixed into the query compiler & schema pieces. Assumes a `grammar`
// property exists on the current object.
var _            = require('lodash');
var QueryBuilder = require('./query/builder');

var Raw  = require('./raw');
var push = Array.prototype.push;

// Valid values for the `order by` clause generation.
var orderBys  = ['asc', 'desc'];

// A "formatter" instance is used to both determine how wrap, bind, and
// parameterize values within a query, keeping track of all bindings
// added to the query. This allows us to easily keep track of raw statements
// arbitrarily added to queries.
function Formatter() {
  this.bindings = [];
}

// Turns a list of values into a list of ?'s, joining them with commas unless
// a "joining" value is specified (e.g. ' and ')
Formatter.prototype.parameterize = function(values) {
  if (_.isFunction(values)) return this.parameter(values);
  values = _.isArray(values) ? values : [values];
  return _.map(values, this.parameter, this).join(', ');
};

// Checks whether a value is a function... if it is, we compile it
// otherwise we check whether it's a raw
Formatter.prototype.parameter = function(value) {
  if (_.isFunction(value)) {
    return this.outputQuery(this.compileCallback(value), true);
  }
  return this.checkRaw(value, true) || '?';
};

Formatter.prototype.checkRaw = function(value, parameter) {
  if (value instanceof QueryBuilder) {
    var query = value.toSQL();
    if (query.bindings) push.apply(this.bindings, query.bindings);
    return this.outputQuery(query, parameter);
  }
  if (value instanceof Raw) {
    if (value.bindings) push.apply(this.bindings, value.bindings);
    return value.sql;
  }
  if (parameter) this.bindings.push(value);
};

Formatter.prototype.rawOrFn = function(value, method) {
  if (_.isFunction(value)) {
    return this.outputQuery(this.compileCallback(value, method));
  }
  return this.checkRaw(value) || '';
};

// Puts the appropriate wrapper around a value depending on the database
// engine, unless it's a knex.raw value, in which case it's left alone.
Formatter.prototype.wrap = function(value) {
  var raw;
  if (_.isFunction(value)) {
    return this.outputQuery(this.compileCallback(value), true);
  }
  raw = this.checkRaw(value);
  if (raw) return raw;
  if (_.isNumber(value)) return value;
  return this._wrap(value + '');
};

// Coerce to string to prevent strange errors when it's not a string.
Formatter.prototype._wrapString = function(value) {
  var segments, asIndex = value.toLowerCase().indexOf(' as ');
  if (asIndex !== -1) {
    var first  = value.slice(0, asIndex);
    var second = value.slice(asIndex + 4);
    return this.wrap(first) + ' as ' + this.wrap(second);
  }
  var wrapped = [];
  segments = value.split('.');
  for (var i = 0, l = segments.length; i < l; i = ++i) {
    value = segments[i];
    if (i === 0 && segments.length > 1) {
      wrapped.push(this.wrap((value || '').trim()));
    } else {
      wrapped.push(this.wrapValue((value || '').trim()));
    }
  }
  return wrapped.join('.');
};

// Accepts a string or array of columns to wrap as appropriate.
Formatter.prototype.columnize = function(target) {
  var columns = (_.isString(target) ? [target] : target);
  return _.map(columns, this.wrap, this).join(', ');
};

// The operator method takes a value and returns something or other.
Formatter.prototype.operator = function(value) {
  var raw = this.checkRaw(value);
  if (raw) return raw;
  if (!_.contains(this.operators, (value || '').toLowerCase())) {
    throw new TypeError('The operator "' + value + '" is not permitted');
  }
  return value;
};

// Specify the direction of the ordering.
Formatter.prototype.direction = function(value) {
  var raw = this.checkRaw(value);
  if (raw) return raw;
  return _.contains(orderBys, (value || '').toLowerCase()) ? value : 'asc';
};

// Compiles a callback using the query builder.
Formatter.prototype.compileCallback = function(callback, method) {
  var client = this.client;

  // Build the callback
  var builder  = new client.QueryBuilder();
  callback.call(builder, builder);

  // Compile the callback, using the current formatter (to track all bindings).
  var compiler = new client.QueryCompiler(builder);
  compiler.formatter = this;

  // Return the compiled & parameterized sql.
  return compiler.toSQL(method || 'select');
};

// Ensures the query is aliased if necessary.
Formatter.prototype.outputQuery = function(compiled, alwaysWrapped) {
  var sql = compiled.sql || '';
  if (sql) {
    if (compiled.method === 'select' && alwaysWrapped || compiled.as) {
      sql = '(' + sql + ')';
      if (compiled.as) sql += ' as ' + this.wrap(compiled.as);
    }
  }
  return sql;
};

module.exports = Formatter;

},{"./query/builder":27,"./raw":31,"lodash":88}],22:[function(require,module,exports){
'use strict';

// FunctionHelper
// -------
module.exports = {

  now: function() {
    return new this.client.Raw('CURRENT_TIMESTAMP');
  }

};
},{}],23:[function(require,module,exports){
'use strict';

// helpers.js
// -------

// Just some common functions needed in multiple places within the library.
var _ = require('lodash');

var helpers = {

  // Pick off the attributes from only the current layer of the object.
  skim: function(data) {
    return _.map(data, function(obj) {
      return _.pick(obj, _.keys(obj));
    });
  },

  // Check if the first argument is an array, otherwise
  // uses all arguments as an array.
  normalizeArr: function() {
    var args = new Array(arguments.length);
    for (var i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
      args[i] = arguments[i];
    }
    if (_.isArray(args[0])) {
      return args[0];
    }
    return args;
  },

  // Used to signify deprecated functionality.
  deprecate: function(msg) {
    this.warn(msg);
  },

  // Used to warn about incorrect use, without error'ing
  warn: function(msg) {
    if (typeof console !== "undefined" && console !== null &&
      typeof console.warn === "function") {
      console.warn("Knex: " + msg);
    }
  },

  // Sort the keys for the insert
  sortObject: function(obj) {
    return _.sortBy(_.pairs(obj), function(a) {
      return a[0];
    });
  }

};

module.exports = helpers;
},{"lodash":88}],24:[function(require,module,exports){
'use strict';

module.exports = function(Target) {
var _ = require('lodash');
var SqlString = require('./dialects/mysql/string');

Target.prototype.toQuery = function(tz) {
  var data = this.toSQL(this._method);
  if (this._errors && this._errors.length > 0) throw this._errors[0];
  if (!_.isArray(data)) data = [data];
  return _.map(data, function(statement) {
    return this._formatQuery(statement.sql, statement.bindings, tz);
  }, this).join(';\n');
};

// Format the query as sql, prepping bindings as necessary.
Target.prototype._formatQuery = function(sql, bindings, tz) {
  if (this.client && this.client.prepBindings) {
    bindings = this.client.prepBindings(bindings, tz);
  }
  return SqlString.format(sql, bindings, true, tz);
};

// Create a new instance of the `Runner`, passing in the current object.
Target.prototype.then = function(/* onFulfilled, onRejected */) {
  var Runner = this.client.Runner;
  var result = new Runner(this).run();
  return result.then.apply(result, arguments);
};

// Add additional "options" to the builder. Typically used for client specific
// items, like the `mysql` and `sqlite3` drivers.
Target.prototype.options = function(opts) {
  this._options = this._options || [];
  this._options.push(_.clone(opts) || {});
  return this;
};

// Sets an explicit "connnection" we wish to use for this query.
Target.prototype.connection = function(connection) {
  this._connection = connection;
  return this;
};

// Set a debug flag for the current schema query stack.
Target.prototype.debug = function(val) {
  this._debug = (val === undefined || val === null) ? true : val;
  return this;
};

// Set the transaction object for this query.
Target.prototype.transacting = function(t) {
  this._transacting = t;
  return this;
};

// Initializes a stream.
Target.prototype.stream = function(options) {
  var Runner = this.client.Runner;
  return new Runner(this).stream(options);
};

// Initialize a stream & pipe automatically.
Target.prototype.pipe = function(writable) {
  var Runner = this.client.Runner;
  return new Runner(this).pipe(writable);
};

// Creates a method which "coerces" to a promise, by calling a
// "then" method on the current `Target`
_.each(['bind', 'catch', 'spread', 'otherwise', 'map', 'reduce', 'tap', 'thenReturn',
  'return', 'yield', 'ensure', 'nodeify', 'exec'], function(method) {
  Target.prototype[method] = function() {
    var then = this.then();
    return then[method].apply(then, arguments);
  };
});

};

},{"./dialects/mysql/string":3,"lodash":88}],25:[function(require,module,exports){
'use strict';

// Pool
// -------
var _           = require('lodash');
var GenericPool = require('generic-pool-redux').Pool;
var Promise     = require('./promise');

// The "Pool" object is a thin wrapper around the
// "generic-pool-redux" library, exposing a `destroy`
// method for explicitly draining the pool. The
// `init` method is called internally and initializes
// the pool if it doesn't already exist.
function Pool(config) {
  this.config = _.clone(config) || {};
  this.genericPool = this.initialize();
}

// Typically only called internally, this initializes
// a new `GenericPool` instance, based on the `config`
// options passed into the constructor.
Pool.prototype.initialize = function() {
  return new GenericPool(_.defaults(this.config, _.result(this, 'defaults')));
};

// Some basic defaults for the pool...
Pool.prototype.defaults = function() {
  var pool = this;
  return {
    min: 2,
    max: 10,
    create: function(callback) {
      pool.client.acquireRawConnection()
        .tap(function(connection) {
          connection.__cid = _.uniqueId('__cid');
          if (pool.config.afterCreate) {
            return Promise.promisify(pool.config.afterCreate)(connection);
          }
        }).exec(callback);
    },
    destroy: function(connection) {
      if (pool.config.beforeDestroy) {
        return pool.config.beforeDestroy(connection, function() {
          if (connection !== void 0) connection.end();
        });
      }
      if (connection !== void 0) connection.end();
    }
  };
};

// Acquires a connection from the pool.
Pool.prototype.acquire = function(callback, priority) {
  if (this.genericPool) {
    this.genericPool.acquire(callback, priority);
  } else {
    callback(new Error('The genericPool is not initialized.'));
  }
};

// Release a connection back to the connection pool.
Pool.prototype.release = function(connection, callback) {
  if (this.genericPool) {
    this.genericPool.release(connection, callback);
  } else {
    callback(new Error('The genericPool is not initialized.'));
  }
};

// Tear down the pool, only necessary if you need it.
Pool.prototype.destroy = function(callback) {
  var genericPool = this.genericPool;
  if (genericPool) {
    genericPool.drain(function() {
      genericPool.destroyAllNow(callback);
    });
    this.genericPool = void 0;
  } else {
    callback();
  }
  return this;
};

module.exports = Pool;
},{"./promise":26,"generic-pool-redux":86,"lodash":88}],26:[function(require,module,exports){
'use strict';

var Promise = require('bluebird/js/main/promise')();

Promise.prototype.yield     = Promise.prototype.thenReturn;
Promise.prototype.ensure    = Promise.prototype.lastly;
Promise.prototype.otherwise = Promise.prototype.caught;
Promise.prototype.exec      = Promise.prototype.nodeify;

module.exports = Promise;

},{"bluebird/js/main/promise":62}],27:[function(require,module,exports){
'use strict';

// Builder
// -------
var _            = require('lodash');
var inherits     = require('inherits');
var EventEmitter = require('events').EventEmitter;

var Raw          = require('../raw');
var helpers      = require('../helpers');

var JoinClause  = require('./joinclause');

// Typically called from `knex.builder`,
// start a new query building chain.
function QueryBuilder() {
  this._single     = {};
  this._statements = [];
  this._errors     = [];

  // Internal flags used in the builder.
  this._joinFlag  = 'inner';
  this._boolFlag  = 'and';
  this._notFlag   = false;

  this.and = this;
}
inherits(QueryBuilder, EventEmitter);

QueryBuilder.prototype.toString = function() {
  return this.toQuery();
};

// Convert the current query "toSQL"
QueryBuilder.prototype.toSQL = function() {
  var QueryCompiler = this.client.QueryCompiler;
  return new QueryCompiler(this).toSQL(this._method || 'select');
};

// Create a shallow clone of the current query builder.
// TODO: Test this!!
QueryBuilder.prototype.clone = function() {
  var cloned            = new this.constructor();
    cloned._method      = this._method;
    cloned._single      = _.clone(this._single);
    cloned._options     = _.clone(this._options);
    cloned._statements  = this._statements.slice();
    cloned._errors      = this._errors.slice();
    cloned._debug       = this._debug;
    cloned._transacting = this._transacting;
    cloned._connection  = this._connection;
  return cloned;
};

// Select
// ------

// Sets the values for a `select` query,
// which is the same as specifying the columns.
QueryBuilder.prototype.select =

// Adds a column or columns to the list of "columns"
// being selected on the query.
QueryBuilder.prototype.columns =
QueryBuilder.prototype.column = function(column) {
  if (!column) return this;
  this._statements.push({
    grouping: 'columns',
    value: helpers.normalizeArr.apply(null, arguments)
  });
  return this;
};

// Allow for a sub-select to be explicitly aliased as a column,
// without needing to compile the query in a where.
QueryBuilder.prototype.as = function(column) {
  this._single.as = column;
  return this;
};

// Sets the `tableName` on the query.
// Alias to "from" for select and "into" for insert statements
// e.g. builder.insert({a: value}).into('tableName')
QueryBuilder.prototype.table = function(tableName) {
  this._single.table = tableName;
  return this;
};
QueryBuilder.prototype.from = QueryBuilder.prototype.table;
QueryBuilder.prototype.into = QueryBuilder.prototype.table;

// Adds a `distinct` clause to the query.
QueryBuilder.prototype.distinct = function() {
  this._statements.push({
    grouping: 'columns',
    value: helpers.normalizeArr.apply(null, arguments),
    distinct: true
  });
  return this;
};

// Adds a join clause to the query, allowing for advanced joins
// with an anonymous function as the second argument.
// function(table, first, operator, second)
QueryBuilder.prototype.join = function(table, first) {
  var join;
  var joinType = this._joinType();
  if (_.isFunction(first)) {
    join = new JoinClause(table, joinType);
    first.call(join, join);
  } else if (joinType === 'raw') {
    join = new JoinClause(new Raw(table, first), 'raw');
  } else {
    join = new JoinClause(table, joinType);
    if (arguments.length > 1) {
      join.on.apply(join, _.toArray(arguments).slice(1));
    }
  }
  this._statements.push(join);
  return this;
};

// JOIN blocks:
QueryBuilder.prototype.innerJoin = function() {
  return this._joinType('inner').join.apply(this, arguments);
};
QueryBuilder.prototype.leftJoin = function() {
  return this._joinType('left').join.apply(this, arguments);
};
QueryBuilder.prototype.leftOuterJoin = function() {
  return this._joinType('left outer').join.apply(this, arguments);
};
QueryBuilder.prototype.rightJoin = function() {
  return this._joinType('right').join.apply(this, arguments);
};
QueryBuilder.prototype.rightOuterJoin = function() {
  return this._joinType('right outer').join.apply(this, arguments);
};
QueryBuilder.prototype.outerJoin = function() {
  return this._joinType('outer').join.apply(this, arguments);
};
QueryBuilder.prototype.fullOuterJoin = function() {
  return this._joinType('full outer').join.apply(this, arguments);
};
QueryBuilder.prototype.crossJoin = function() {
  return this._joinType('cross').join.apply(this, arguments);
};
QueryBuilder.prototype.joinRaw = function() {
  return this._joinType('raw').join.apply(this, arguments);
};

// The where function can be used in several ways:
// The most basic is `where(key, value)`, which expands to
// where key = value.
QueryBuilder.prototype.where =
QueryBuilder.prototype.andWhere = function(column, operator, value) {

  // Support "where true || where false"
  if (column === false || column === true) {
    return this.whereRaw(column);
  }

  // Check if the column is a function, in which case it's
  // a where statement wrapped in parens.
  if (_.isFunction(column)) {
    return this.whereWrapped(column);
  }

  // Allow a raw statement to be passed along to the query.
  if (column instanceof Raw) return this.whereRaw(column);

  // Allows `where({id: 2})` syntax.
  if (_.isObject(column)) return this._objectWhere(column);

  // Enable the where('key', value) syntax, only when there
  // are explicitly two arguments passed, so it's not possible to
  // do where('key', '!=') and have that turn into where key != null
  if (arguments.length === 2) {
    value    = operator;
    operator = '=';

    // If the value is null, and it's a two argument query,
    // we assume we're going for a `whereNull`.
    if (value === null) {
      return this.whereNull(column);
    }
  }

  // lower case the operator for comparison purposes
  var checkOperator = ('' + operator).toLowerCase().trim();

  // If there are 3 arguments, check whether 'in' is one of them.
  if (arguments.length === 3) {
    if (checkOperator === 'in' || checkOperator === 'not in') {
      return this._not(checkOperator === 'not in').whereIn(arguments[0], arguments[2]);
    }
    if (checkOperator === 'between' || checkOperator === 'not between') {
      return this._not(checkOperator === 'not between').whereBetween(arguments[0], arguments[2]);
    }
  }

  // If the value is still null, check whether they're meaning
  // where value is null
  if (value === null) {

    // Check for .where(key, 'is', null) or .where(key, 'is not', 'null');
    if (checkOperator === 'is' || checkOperator === 'is not') {
      return this._not(checkOperator === 'is not').whereNull(column);
    }
  }

  // Push onto the where statement stack.
  this._statements.push({
    grouping: 'where',
    type: 'whereBasic',
    column: column,
    operator: operator,
    value: value,
    bool: this._bool()
  });
  return this;
};
// Adds an `or where` clause to the query.
QueryBuilder.prototype.orWhere = function() {
  return this._bool('or').where.apply(this, arguments);
};

// Processes an object literal provided in a "where" clause.
QueryBuilder.prototype._objectWhere = function(obj) {
  var boolVal = this._bool();
  for (var key in obj) {
    this[boolVal + 'Where'](key, obj[key]);
  }
  return this;
};

// Adds a raw `where` clause to the query.
QueryBuilder.prototype.whereRaw =
QueryBuilder.prototype.andWhereRaw = function(sql, bindings) {
  var raw = (sql instanceof Raw ? sql : new Raw(sql, bindings));
  this._statements.push({
    grouping: 'where',
    type: 'whereRaw',
    value: raw,
    bool: this._bool()
  });
  return this;
};
QueryBuilder.prototype.orWhereRaw = function(sql, bindings) {
  return this._bool('or').whereRaw(sql, bindings);
};

// Helper for compiling any advanced `where` queries.
QueryBuilder.prototype.whereWrapped = function(callback) {
  this._statements.push({
    grouping: 'where',
    type: 'whereWrapped',
    value: callback,
    bool: this._bool()
  });
  return this;
};

// Helper for compiling any advanced `having` queries.
QueryBuilder.prototype.havingWrapped = function(callback) {
  this._statements.push({
    grouping: 'having',
    type: 'whereWrapped',
    value: callback,
    bool: this._bool()
  });
  return this;
};

// Adds a `where exists` clause to the query.
QueryBuilder.prototype.whereExists = function(callback) {
  this._statements.push({
    grouping: 'where',
    type: 'whereExists',
    value: callback,
    not: this._not(),
    bool: this._bool(),
  });
  return this;
};

// Adds an `or where exists` clause to the query.
QueryBuilder.prototype.orWhereExists = function(callback) {
  return this._bool('or').whereExists(callback);
};

// Adds a `where not exists` clause to the query.
QueryBuilder.prototype.whereNotExists = function(callback) {
  return this._not(true).whereExists(callback);
};

// Adds a `or where not exists` clause to the query.
QueryBuilder.prototype.orWhereNotExists = function(callback) {
  return this._bool('or').whereNotExists(callback);
};

// Adds a `where in` clause to the query.
QueryBuilder.prototype.whereIn = function(column, values) {
  if (_.isArray(values) && _.isEmpty(values)) return this.where(this._not());
  this._statements.push({
    grouping: 'where',
    type: 'whereIn',
    column: column,
    value: values,
    not: this._not(),
    bool: this._bool()
  });
  return this;
};

// Adds a `or where in` clause to the query.
QueryBuilder.prototype.orWhereIn = function(column, values) {
  return this._bool('or').whereIn(column, values);
};

// Adds a `where not in` clause to the query.
QueryBuilder.prototype.whereNotIn = function(column, values) {
  return this._not(true).whereIn(column, values);
};

// Adds a `or where not in` clause to the query.
QueryBuilder.prototype.orWhereNotIn = function(column, values) {
  return this._bool('or')._not(true).whereIn(column, values);
};

// Adds a `where null` clause to the query.
QueryBuilder.prototype.whereNull = function(column) {
  this._statements.push({
    grouping: 'where',
    type: 'whereNull',
    column: column,
    not: this._not(),
    bool: this._bool()
  });
  return this;
};

// Adds a `or where null` clause to the query.
QueryBuilder.prototype.orWhereNull = function(column) {
  return this._bool('or').whereNull(column);
};

// Adds a `where not null` clause to the query.
QueryBuilder.prototype.whereNotNull = function(column) {
  return this._not(true).whereNull(column);
};

// Adds a `or where not null` clause to the query.
QueryBuilder.prototype.orWhereNotNull = function(column) {
  return this._bool('or').whereNotNull(column);
};

// Adds a `where between` clause to the query.
QueryBuilder.prototype.whereBetween = function(column, values) {
  if (!_.isArray(values)) {
    return this._errors.push(new Error('The second argument to whereBetween must be an array.'));
  }
  if (values.length !== 2) {
    return this._errors.push(new Error('You must specify 2 values for the whereBetween clause'));
  }
  this._statements.push({
    grouping: 'where',
    type: 'whereBetween',
    column: column,
    value: values,
    not: this._not(),
    bool: this._bool()
  });
  return this;
};

// Adds a `where not between` clause to the query.
QueryBuilder.prototype.whereNotBetween = function(column, values) {
  return this._not(true).whereBetween(column, values);
};

// Adds a `or where between` clause to the query.
QueryBuilder.prototype.orWhereBetween = function(column, values) {
  return this._bool('or').whereBetween(column, values);
};

// Adds a `or where not between` clause to the query.
QueryBuilder.prototype.orWhereNotBetween = function(column, values) {
  return this._bool('or').whereNotBetween(column, values);
};

// Adds a `group by` clause to the query.
QueryBuilder.prototype.groupBy = function(item) {
  if (item instanceof Raw) {
    return this.groupByRaw.apply(this, arguments);
  }
  this._statements.push({
    grouping: 'group',
    type: 'groupByBasic',
    value: helpers.normalizeArr.apply(null, arguments)
  });
  return this;
};

// Adds a raw `group by` clause to the query.
QueryBuilder.prototype.groupByRaw = function(sql, bindings) {
  var raw = (sql instanceof Raw ? sql : new Raw(sql, bindings));
  this._statements.push({
    grouping: 'group',
    type: 'groupByRaw',
    value: raw
  });
  return this;
};

// Adds a `order by` clause to the query.
QueryBuilder.prototype.orderBy = function(column, direction) {
  this._statements.push({
    grouping: 'order',
    type: 'orderByBasic',
    value: column,
    direction: direction
  });
  return this;
};

// Add a raw `order by` clause to the query.
QueryBuilder.prototype.orderByRaw = function(sql, bindings) {
  var raw = (sql instanceof Raw ? sql : new Raw(sql, bindings));
  this._statements.push({
    grouping: 'order',
    type: 'orderByRaw',
    value: raw
  });
  return this;
};

// Add a union statement to the query.
QueryBuilder.prototype.union = function(callbacks, wrap) {
  if (arguments.length === 1 ||
      (arguments.length === 2 && _.isBoolean(wrap))) {
    if (!_.isArray(callbacks)) {
      callbacks = [callbacks];
    }
    for (var i = 0, l = callbacks.length; i < l; i++) {
      this._statements.push({
        grouping: 'union',
        clause: 'union',
        value: callbacks[i],
        wrap: wrap || false
      });
    }
  } else {
    callbacks = _.toArray(arguments).slice(0, arguments.length - 1);
    wrap = arguments[arguments.length - 1];
    if (!_.isBoolean(wrap)) {
      callbacks.push(wrap);
      wrap = false;
    }
    this.union(callbacks, wrap);
  }
  return this;
};

// Adds a union all statement to the query.
QueryBuilder.prototype.unionAll = function(callback, wrap) {
  this._statements.push({
    grouping: 'union',
    clause: 'union all',
    value: callback,
    wrap: wrap || false
  });
  return this;
};

// Adds a `having` clause to the query.
QueryBuilder.prototype.having =
QueryBuilder.prototype.andHaving = function(column, operator, value) {
  if (column instanceof Raw && arguments.length === 1) {
    return this._havingRaw(column);
  }
  
  // Check if the column is a function, in which case it's
  // a having statement wrapped in parens.
  if (_.isFunction(column)) {
    return this.havingWrapped(column);
  }
  
  this._statements.push({
    grouping: 'having',
    type: 'havingBasic',
    column: column,
    operator: operator,
    value: value,
    bool: this._bool()
  });
  return this;
};
// Adds an `or having` clause to the query.
QueryBuilder.prototype.orHaving = function() {
  return this._bool('or').having.apply(this, arguments);
};
QueryBuilder.prototype.havingRaw = function(sql, bindings) {
  return this._havingRaw(sql, bindings);
};
QueryBuilder.prototype.orHavingRaw = function(sql, bindings) {
  return this._bool('or').havingRaw(sql, bindings);
};
// Adds a raw `having` clause to the query.
QueryBuilder.prototype._havingRaw = function(sql, bindings) {
  var raw = (sql instanceof Raw ? sql : new Raw(sql, bindings));
  this._statements.push({
    grouping: 'having',
    type: 'havingRaw',
    value: raw,
    bool: this._bool()
  });
  return this;
};

// Only allow a single "offset" to be set for the current query.
QueryBuilder.prototype.offset = function(value) {
  this._single.offset = value;
  return this;
};

// Only allow a single "limit" to be set for the current query.
QueryBuilder.prototype.limit = function(value) {
  this._single.limit = value;
  return this;
};

// Retrieve the "count" result of the query.
QueryBuilder.prototype.count = function(column) {
  return this._aggregate('count', (column || '*'));
};

// Retrieve the minimum value of a given column.
QueryBuilder.prototype.min = function(column) {
  return this._aggregate('min', column);
};

// Retrieve the maximum value of a given column.
QueryBuilder.prototype.max = function(column) {
  return this._aggregate('max', column);
};

// Retrieve the sum of the values of a given column.
QueryBuilder.prototype.sum = function(column) {
  return this._aggregate('sum', column);
};

// Retrieve the average of the values of a given column.
QueryBuilder.prototype.avg = function(column) {
  return this._aggregate('avg', column);
};

// Increments a column's value by the specified amount.
QueryBuilder.prototype.increment = function(column, amount) {
  return this._counter(column, amount);
};

// Decrements a column's value by the specified amount.
QueryBuilder.prototype.decrement = function(column, amount) {
  return this._counter(column, amount, '-');
};

// Sets the values for a `select` query, informing that only the first
// row should be returned (limit 1).
QueryBuilder.prototype.first = function() {
  var i, args = new Array(arguments.length);
  for (i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
    args[i] = arguments[i];
  }
  this.select.apply(this, args);
  this._method = 'first';
  this.limit(1);
  return this;
};

// Pluck a column from a query.
QueryBuilder.prototype.pluck = function(column) {
  this._method = 'pluck';
  this._single.pluck = column;
  this._statements.push({
    grouping: 'columns',
    type: 'pluck',
    value: column
  });
  return this;
};

// Insert & Update
// ------

// Sets the values for an `insert` query.
QueryBuilder.prototype.insert = function(values, returning) {
  this._method = 'insert';
  if (!_.isEmpty(returning)) this.returning(returning);
  this._single.insert = values;
  return this;
};

// Sets the values for an `update`, allowing for both
// `.update(key, value, [returning])` and `.update(obj, [returning])` syntaxes.
QueryBuilder.prototype.update = function(values, returning) {
  var ret, obj = {};
  this._method = 'update';
  var i, args = new Array(arguments.length);
  for (i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
    args[i] = arguments[i];
  }
  if (_.isString(values)) {
    obj[values] = returning;
    if (args.length > 2) {
      ret = args[2];
    }
  } else {
    obj = values;
    ret = args[1];
  }
  if (!_.isEmpty(ret)) this.returning(ret);
  this._single.update = obj;
  return this;
};

// Sets the returning value for the query.
QueryBuilder.prototype.returning = function(returning) {
  this._single.returning = returning;
  return this;
};

// Delete
// ------

// Executes a delete statement on the query;
QueryBuilder.prototype.del =
QueryBuilder.prototype.delete = function(ret) {
  this._method = 'del';
  if (!_.isEmpty(ret)) this.returning(ret);
  return this;
};

// Truncates a table, ends the query chain.
QueryBuilder.prototype.truncate = function() {
  this._method = 'truncate';
  return this;
};

// Retrieves columns for the table specified by `knex(tableName)`
QueryBuilder.prototype.columnInfo = function(column) {
  this._method = 'columnInfo';
  this._single.columnInfo = column;
  return this;
};

// Set a lock for update constraint.
QueryBuilder.prototype.forUpdate = function() {
  this._single.lock = 'forUpdate';
  return this;
};

// Set a lock for share constraint.
QueryBuilder.prototype.forShare = function() {
  this._single.lock = 'forShare';
  return this;
};

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------

// Helper for the incrementing/decrementing queries.
QueryBuilder.prototype._counter = function(column, amount, symbol) {
  var amt = parseInt(amount, 10);
  if (isNaN(amt)) amt = 1;
  this._method = 'counter';
  this._single.counter = {
    column: column,
    amount: amt,
    symbol: (symbol || '+')
  };
  return this;
};

// Helper to get or set the "boolFlag" value.
QueryBuilder.prototype._bool = function(val) {
  if (arguments.length === 1) {
    this._boolFlag = val;
    return this;
  }
  var ret = this._boolFlag;
  this._boolFlag = 'and';
  return ret;
};

// Helper to get or set the "notFlag" value.
QueryBuilder.prototype._not = function(val) {
  if (arguments.length === 1) {
    this._notFlag = val;
    return this;
  }
  var ret = this._notFlag;
  this._notFlag = false;
  return ret;
};

// Helper to get or set the "joinFlag" value.
QueryBuilder.prototype._joinType = function (val) {
  if (arguments.length === 1) {
    this._joinFlag = val;
    return this;
  }
  var ret = this._joinFlag || 'inner';
  this._joinFlag = 'inner';
  return ret;
};

// Helper for compiling any aggregate queries.
QueryBuilder.prototype._aggregate = function(method, column) {
  this._statements.push({
    grouping: 'columns',
    type: 'aggregate',
    method: method,
    value: column
  });
  return this;
};

Object.defineProperty(QueryBuilder.prototype, 'or', {
  get: function () {
    return this._bool('or');
  }
});


Object.defineProperty(QueryBuilder.prototype, 'not', {
  get: function () {
    return this._not(true);
  }
});

// Attach all of the top level promise methods that should be chainable.
require('../interface')(QueryBuilder);

module.exports = QueryBuilder;

},{"../helpers":23,"../interface":24,"../raw":31,"./joinclause":29,"events":83,"inherits":87,"lodash":88}],28:[function(require,module,exports){
'use strict';

// Query Compiler
// -------

var _       = require('lodash');
var helpers = require('../helpers');
var Raw     = require('../raw');

// The "QueryCompiler" takes all of the query statements which have been
// gathered in the "QueryBuilder" and turns them into a properly formatted / bound
// query string.
function QueryCompiler(queryBuilder) {
  this.method      = queryBuilder._method || 'select';
  this.options     = queryBuilder._options;
  this.single      = queryBuilder._single;
  this.transacting = queryBuilder._transacting;
  this.grouped     = _.groupBy(queryBuilder._statements, 'grouping');
}

// Collapse the builder into a single object
QueryCompiler.prototype.toSQL = function(method) {
  var val = this[method]();
  var defaults = {
    method: method,
    options: this.options && this.options.length > 0 ?
      _.extend.apply(_, this.options) : void 0,
    bindings: this.formatter.bindings
  };
  if (_.isString(val)) {
    val = {sql: val};
  }
  if (method === 'select' && this.single.as) {
    defaults.as = this.single.as;
  }
  return _.extend(defaults, val);
};

// Get the table name, wrapping it if necessary.
// Implemented as a property to prevent ordering issues as described in #704.
Object.defineProperty(QueryCompiler.prototype, 'tableName', {
  get: function() {
    if(!this._tableName) {
      // Only call this.formatter.wrap() the first time this property is accessed.
      this._tableName = this.single.table ? this.formatter.wrap(this.single.table) : '';
    }
    return this._tableName;
  }
});

var components = [
  'columns', 'join', 'where', 'union', 'group',
  'having', 'order', 'limit', 'offset', 'lock'
];

// Compiles the `select` statement, or nested sub-selects
// by calling each of the component compilers, trimming out
// the empties, and returning a generated query string.
QueryCompiler.prototype.select = function() {
  var statements = [];
  for (var i = 0, l = components.length; i < l; i++) {
    var component = components[i];
    statements.push(this[component](this));
  }
  return _.compact(statements).join(' ');
};
QueryCompiler.prototype.first = QueryCompiler.prototype.select;
QueryCompiler.prototype.pluck = function() {
  return {
    sql: this.select(),
    pluck: this.single.pluck
  };
};

// Compiles an "insert" query, allowing for multiple
// inserts using a single query statement.
QueryCompiler.prototype.insert = function() {
  var self = this;
  var insertValues = this.single.insert;

  var sql = 'insert into ' + this.tableName + ' ';

  if (_.isArray(insertValues) && (insertValues.length === 1) && _.isEmpty(insertValues[0])) {
    insertValues = [];
  }

  if (_.isEmpty(insertValues) && !_.isFunction(insertValues)) {
    sql += this._emptyInsertValue;
  } else {
    var insertData = this._prepInsert(insertValues);

    if (_.isString(insertData)) {
      sql += insertData;
    } else  {
      if (insertData.columns.length) {
        sql += '(' + this.formatter.columnize(insertData.columns) + ') values (' +
          _.map(insertData.values, this.formatter.parameterize, this.formatter).join('), (') + ')';
      } else {
        // if there is no target column only insert default values
        sql += '() values ' + _.map(insertData.values, function () { return '(' + (self._defaultInsertValue || '') + ')'; }).join(', ');
      }
    }
  }
  return sql;
};

// Compiles the "update" query.
QueryCompiler.prototype.update = function() {
  // Make sure tableName is processed by the formatter first.
  var tableName  = this.tableName;
  var updateData = this._prepUpdate(this.single.update);
  var wheres     = this.where();
  return 'update ' + tableName +
    ' set ' + updateData.join(', ') +
    (wheres ? ' ' + wheres : '');
};

// Compiles the columns in the query, specifying if an item was distinct.
QueryCompiler.prototype.columns = function() {
  var distinct = false;
  if (this.onlyUnions()) return '';
  var columns = this.grouped.columns || [];
  var sql = [];
  if (columns) {
    for (var i = 0, l = columns.length; i < l; i++) {
      var stmt = columns[i];
      if (stmt.distinct) distinct = true;
      if (stmt.type === 'aggregate') {
        sql.push(this.aggregate(stmt));
      } else if (stmt.value && stmt.value.length > 0) {
        sql.push(this.formatter.columnize(stmt.value));
      }
    }
  }
  if (sql.length === 0) sql.push('*');
  return 'select ' + (distinct ? 'distinct ' : '') +
      (sql.join(', ') || '*') + (this.tableName ? ' from ' + this.tableName : '');
};

QueryCompiler.prototype.aggregate = function(stmt) {
  var val = stmt.value;
  var splitOn = val.toLowerCase().indexOf(' as ');
  // Allows us to speciy an alias for the aggregate types.
  if (splitOn !== -1) {
    var col = val.slice(0, splitOn);
    var alias = val.slice(splitOn + 4);
    return stmt.method + '(' + this.formatter.wrap(col) + ') as ' + this.formatter.wrap(alias);
  }
  return stmt.method + '(' + this.formatter.wrap(val) + ')';
};

// Compiles all each of the `join` clauses on the query,
// including any nested join queries.
QueryCompiler.prototype.join = function() {
  var joins = this.grouped.join;
  if (!joins) return '';
  var sql = _.reduce(joins, function(acc, join) {
    if (join.joinType === 'raw') {
      acc.push(this.formatter.checkRaw(join.table));
    } else {
      acc.push(join.joinType + ' join ' + this.formatter.wrap(join.table));
      _.each(join.clauses, function(clause, i) {
        acc.push(i > 0 ? clause[1] : clause[0]);
        acc.push(this.formatter.wrap(clause[2]));
        if (clause[3]) acc.push(this.formatter.operator(clause[3]));
        if (clause[4]) acc.push(this.formatter.wrap(clause[4]));
      }, this);
    }
    return acc;
  }, [], this);
  return sql.length > 0 ? sql.join(' ') : '';
};

// Compiles all `where` statements on the query.
QueryCompiler.prototype.where = function() {
  var wheres = this.grouped.where;
  if (!wheres) return;
  var sql = [];
  sql[0] = 'where';
  for (var i = 0, l = wheres.length; i < l; i++) {
    var stmt = wheres[i];
    if (i !== 0) sql.push(stmt.bool);
    sql.push(this[stmt.type](stmt));
  }
  return sql.length > 1 ? sql.join(' ') : '';
};

QueryCompiler.prototype.group = function() {
  return this._groupsOrders('group');
};
QueryCompiler.prototype.order = function() {
  return this._groupsOrders('order');
};

// Compiles the `having` statements.
QueryCompiler.prototype.having = function() {
  var havings = this.grouped.having;
  if (!havings) return '';
  var sql = ['having'];
  for (var i = 0, l = havings.length; i < l; i++) {
    var str = '', s = havings[i];
    if (i !== 0) str = s.bool + ' ';
    if (s.type === 'havingBasic') {
      sql.push(str + this.formatter.columnize(s.column) + ' ' +
        this.formatter.operator(s.operator) + ' ' + this.formatter.parameter(s.value));
    }else{
      if(s.type === 'whereWrapped'){
        sql.push(this.whereWrapped(s));
      } else {
        sql.push(str + this.formatter.checkRaw(s.value));
      }
    }
  }
  return sql.length > 1 ? sql.join(' ') : '';
};

// Compile the "union" queries attached to the main query.
QueryCompiler.prototype.union = function() {
  var onlyUnions = this.onlyUnions();
  var unions = this.grouped.union;
  if (!unions) return '';
  var sql = '';
  for (var i = 0, l = unions.length; i < l; i++) {
    var union = unions[i];
    if (i > 0) sql += ' ';
    if (i > 0 || !onlyUnions) sql += union.clause + ' ';
    var statement = this.formatter.rawOrFn(union.value);
    if (statement) {
      if (union.wrap) sql += '(';
      sql += statement;
      if (union.wrap) sql += ')';
    }
  }
  return sql;
};

// If we haven't specified any columns or a `tableName`, we're assuming this
// is only being used for unions.
QueryCompiler.prototype.onlyUnions = function() {
  return (!this.grouped.columns && this.grouped.union && !this.tableName);
};

QueryCompiler.prototype.limit = function() {
  var noLimit = !this.single.limit && this.single.limit !== 0;
  if (noLimit) return '';
  return 'limit ' + this.formatter.parameter(this.single.limit);
};

QueryCompiler.prototype.offset = function() {
  if (!this.single.offset) return '';
  return 'offset ' + this.formatter.parameter(this.single.offset);
};

// Compiles a `delete` query.
QueryCompiler.prototype.del = function() {
  // Make sure tableName is processed by the formatter first.
  var tableName  = this.tableName;
  var wheres = this.where();
  return 'delete from ' + tableName +
    (wheres ? ' ' + wheres : '');
};

// Compiles a `truncate` query.
QueryCompiler.prototype.truncate = function() {
  return 'truncate ' + this.tableName;
};

// Compiles the "locks".
QueryCompiler.prototype.lock = function() {
  if (this.single.lock) {
    if (!this.transacting) {
      helpers.warn('You are attempting to perform a "lock" command outside of a transaction.');
    } else {
      return this[this.single.lock]();
    }
  }
};

// Compile the "counter".
QueryCompiler.prototype.counter = function() {
  var counter = this.single.counter;
  var toUpdate = {};
  toUpdate[counter.column] = new Raw(this.formatter.wrap(counter.column) +
    ' ' + (counter.symbol || '+') +
    ' ' + counter.amount);
  this.single.update = toUpdate;
  return this.update();
};

// Compiles the `order by` statements.
QueryCompiler.prototype._groupsOrders = function(type) {
  var items = this.grouped[type];
  if (!items) return '';
  var formatter = this.formatter;
  var sql = items.map(function (item) {
    return (item.value instanceof Raw ? formatter.checkRaw(item.value) : formatter.columnize(item.value)) +
      ((type === 'order' && item.type !== 'orderByRaw') ? ' ' + formatter.direction(item.direction) : '');
  });
  return sql.length ? type + ' by ' + sql.join(', ') : '';
};

// Where Clause
// ------

QueryCompiler.prototype.whereIn = function(statement) {
  if (_.isArray(statement.column)) return this.multiWhereIn(statement);
  return this.formatter.wrap(statement.column) + ' ' + this._not(statement, 'in ') +
    this.wrap(this.formatter.parameterize(statement.value));
};

QueryCompiler.prototype.multiWhereIn = function(statement) {
  return '(' + _.map(statement.column, this.formatter.wrap, this.formatter) + ') ' +
    this._not(statement, 'in ') + '((' +
    _.map(statement.value, this.formatter.parameterize, this.formatter).join('),(') + '))';
};

QueryCompiler.prototype.whereNull = function(statement) {
  return this.formatter.wrap(statement.column) + ' is ' + this._not(statement, 'null');
};

// Compiles a basic "where" clause.
QueryCompiler.prototype.whereBasic = function(statement) {
  return this.formatter.wrap(statement.column) + ' ' +
    this.formatter.operator(statement.operator) + ' ' +
    this.formatter.parameter(statement.value);
};

QueryCompiler.prototype.whereExists = function(statement) {
  return this._not(statement, 'exists') + ' (' + this.formatter.rawOrFn(statement.value) + ')';
};

QueryCompiler.prototype.whereWrapped = function(statement) {
  return '(' + this.formatter.rawOrFn(statement.value, 'where').slice(6) + ')';
};

QueryCompiler.prototype.whereBetween = function(statement) {
  return this.formatter.wrap(statement.column) + ' ' + this._not(statement, 'between') + ' ' +
    _.map(statement.value, this.formatter.parameter, this.formatter).join(' and ');
};

// Compiles a "whereRaw" query.
QueryCompiler.prototype.whereRaw = function(statement) {
  return this.formatter.checkRaw(statement.value);
};

QueryCompiler.prototype.wrap = function(str) {
  if (str.charAt(0) !== '(') return '(' + str + ')';
  return str;
};

// Determines whether to add a "not" prefix to the where clause.
QueryCompiler.prototype._not = function(statement, str) {
  if (statement.not) return 'not ' + str;
  return str;
};

// "Preps" the insert.
QueryCompiler.prototype._prepInsert = function(data) {
  var isRaw = this.formatter.rawOrFn(data);
  if (isRaw) return isRaw;
  var values = [];
  var columns, colList;
  if (!_.isArray(data)) data = data ? [data] : [];
  for (var i = 0, l = data.length; i<l; i++) {
    var sorted = helpers.sortObject(data[i]);
    columns = _.pluck(sorted, 0);
    colList = colList || columns;
    if (!_.isEqual(columns, colList)) {
      return this._prepInsert(this._normalizeInsert(data));
    }
    values.push(_.pluck(sorted, 1));
  }
  return {
    columns: columns,
    values: values
  };
};

// If we are running an insert with variable object keys, we need to normalize
// for the missing keys, presumably setting the values to undefined.
QueryCompiler.prototype._normalizeInsert = function(data) {
  if (!_.isArray(data)) return _.clone(data);
  var defaultObj = _.reduce(_.union.apply(_, _.map(data, function(val) {
    return _.keys(val);
  })), function(memo, key) {
    memo[key] = void 0;
    return memo;
  }, {});
  return _.map(data, function(row) { return _.defaults(row, defaultObj); });
};

// "Preps" the update.
QueryCompiler.prototype._prepUpdate = function(data) {
  var vals = [];
  var sorted = helpers.sortObject(data);
  for (var i = 0, l = sorted.length; i < l; i++) {
    vals.push(this.formatter.wrap(sorted[i][0]) + ' = ' + this.formatter.parameter(sorted[i][1]));
  }
  return vals;
};

module.exports = QueryCompiler;

},{"../helpers":23,"../raw":31,"lodash":88}],29:[function(require,module,exports){
'use strict';

// JoinClause
// -------

// The "JoinClause" is an object holding any necessary info about a join,
// including the type, and any associated tables & columns being joined.
function JoinClause(table, type) {
  this.table    = table;
  this.joinType = type;
  this.clauses  = [];
  this.and      = this;
}

JoinClause.prototype.grouping = 'join';

// Adds an "on" clause to the current join object.
JoinClause.prototype.on = function(first, operator, second) {
  var data;
  switch (arguments.length) {
    case 1:  data = ['on', this._bool(), first]; break;
    case 2:  data = ['on', this._bool(), first, '=', operator]; break;
    default: data = ['on', this._bool(), first, operator, second];
  }
  this.clauses.push(data);
  return this;
};

// Adds a "using" clause to the current join.
JoinClause.prototype.using = function(table) {
  return this.clauses.push(['using', this._bool(), table]);
};

// Adds an "and on" clause to the current join object.
JoinClause.prototype.andOn = function() {
  return this.on.apply(this, arguments);
};

// Adds an "or on" clause to the current join object.
JoinClause.prototype.orOn = function(first, operator, second) {
  /*jshint unused: false*/
  return this._bool('or').on.apply(this, arguments);
};

// Explicitly set the type of join, useful within a function when creating a grouped join.
JoinClause.prototype.type = function(type) {
  this.joinType = type;
  return this;
};

JoinClause.prototype._bool = function(bool) {
  if (arguments.length === 1) {
    this._boolFlag = bool;
    return this;
  }
  var ret = this._boolFlag || 'and';
  this._boolFlag = 'and';
  return ret;
};

Object.defineProperty(JoinClause.prototype, 'or', {
  get: function () {
    return this._bool('or');
  }
});

module.exports = JoinClause;
},{}],30:[function(require,module,exports){
'use strict';

// All properties we can use to start a query chain
// from the `knex` object, e.g. `knex.select('*').from(...`
module.exports = [
  'select',
  'as',
  'columns',
  'column',
  'from',
  'into',
  'table',
  'distinct',
  'join',
  'joinRaw',
  'innerJoin',
  'leftJoin',
  'leftOuterJoin',
  'rightJoin',
  'rightOuterJoin',
  'outerJoin',
  'fullOuterJoin',
  'crossJoin',
  'where',
  'andWhere',
  'orWhere',
  'whereRaw',
  'whereWrapped',
  'havingWrapped',
  'orWhereRaw',
  'whereExists',
  'orWhereExists',
  'whereNotExists',
  'orWhereNotExists',
  'whereIn',
  'orWhereIn',
  'whereNotIn',
  'orWhereNotIn',
  'whereNull',
  'orWhereNull',
  'whereNotNull',
  'orWhereNotNull',
  'whereBetween',
  'whereNotBetween',
  'orWhereBetween',
  'orWhereNotBetween',
  'groupBy',
  'groupByRaw',
  'orderBy',
  'orderByRaw',
  'union',
  'unionAll',
  'having',
  'havingRaw',
  'orHaving',
  'orHavingRaw',
  'offset',
  'limit',
  'count',
  'min',
  'max',
  'sum',
  'avg',
  'increment',
  'decrement',
  'first',
  'debug',
  'pluck',
  'insert',
  'update',
  'returning',
  'del',
  'delete',
  'truncate',
  'transacting',
  'connection'
];
},{}],31:[function(require,module,exports){
'use strict';

// Raw
// -------
var _ = require('lodash');
var inherits = require('inherits');
var EventEmitter = require('events').EventEmitter;

function Raw(sql, bindings) {
  if (sql && sql.toSQL) {
    var output = sql.toSQL();
    sql = output.sql;
    bindings = output.bindings;
  }
  this.sql = sql + '';
  this.bindings = _.isArray(bindings) ? bindings :
    bindings ? [bindings] : [];
  this.interpolateBindings();
  this._debug       = void 0;
  this._transacting = void 0;
}
inherits(Raw, EventEmitter);

// Wraps the current sql with `before` and `after`.
Raw.prototype.wrap = function(before, after) {
  this.sql = before + this.sql + after;
  return this;
};

// Calls `toString` on the Knex object.
Raw.prototype.toString = function() {
  return this.toQuery();
};

// Ensure all Raw / builder bindings are mixed-in to the ? placeholders
// as appropriate.
Raw.prototype.interpolateBindings = function() {
  var replacements = [];
  this.bindings = _.reduce(this.bindings, function(accum, param, index) {
    var innerBindings = [param];
    if (param && param.toSQL) {
      var result    = this.splicer(param, index);
      innerBindings = result.bindings;
      replacements.push(result.replacer);
    }
    return accum.concat(innerBindings);
  }, [], this);

  // we run this in reverse order, because ? concats earlier in the
  // query string will disrupt indices for later ones
  this.sql = _.reduce(replacements.reverse(), function(accum, fn) {
    return fn(accum);
  }, this.sql.split('?')).join('?');
};

// Returns a replacer function that splices into the i'th
// ? in the sql string the inner raw's sql,
// and the bindings associated with it
Raw.prototype.splicer = function(raw, i) {
  var obj = raw.toSQL();

  // the replacer function assumes that the sql has been
  // already sql.split('?') and will be arr.join('?')
  var replacer = function(arr) {
    arr[i] = arr[i] + obj.sql + arr[i + 1];
    arr.splice(i + 1, 1);
    return arr;
  };

  return {
    replacer: replacer,
    bindings: obj.bindings
  };
};

// Returns the raw sql for the query.
Raw.prototype.toSQL = function() {
  return {
    sql: this.sql,
    method: 'raw',
    bindings: this.bindings
  };
};

// Allow the `Raw` object to be utilized with full access to the relevant
// promise API.
require('./interface')(Raw);

module.exports = Raw;
},{"./interface":24,"events":83,"inherits":87,"lodash":88}],32:[function(require,module,exports){
'use strict';

var _            = require('lodash');
var Promise      = require('./promise');

// The "Runner" constructor takes a "builder" (query, schema, or raw)
// and runs through each of the query statements, calling any additional
// "output" method provided alongside the query and bindings.
function Runner(builder) {
  this.builder = builder;
  this.queries = [];

  // The "connection" object is set on the runner when
  // "run" is called.
  this.connection = void 0;
}

Runner.prototype._beginTransaction = 'begin;';
Runner.prototype._commitTransaction = 'commit;';
Runner.prototype._rollbackTransaction = 'rollback;';

// "Run" the target, calling "toSQL" on the builder, returning
// an object or array of queries to run, each of which are run on
// a single connection.
Runner.prototype.run = Promise.method(function() {
  if (this.builder._transacting) {
    return this.transactionQuery();
  }
  return Promise.bind(this)
    .then(this.ensureConnection)
    .then(function(connection) {
      this.connection = connection;

      // Emit a "start" event on both the builder and the client,
      // allowing us to listen in on any events. We fire on the "client"
      // before building the SQL, and on the builder after building the SQL
      // in case we want to determine at how long it actually
      // took to build the query.
      this.client.emit('start', this.builder);
      var sql = this.builder.toSQL();
      this.builder.emit('start', this.builder);

      if (_.isArray(sql)) {
        return this.queryArray(sql);
      }
      return this.query(sql);
    })

    // If there are any "error" listeners, we fire an error event
    // and then re-throw the error to be eventually handled by
    // the promise chain. Useful if you're wrapping in a custom `Promise`.
    .catch(function(err) {
      if (this.builder._events && this.builder._events.error) {
        this.builder.emit('error', err);
      }
      throw err;
    })

    // Fire a single "end" event on the builder when
    // all queries have successfully completed.
    .tap(function() {
      this.builder.emit('end');
    })
    .finally(this.cleanupConnection);
});

// Stream the result set, by passing through to the dialect's streaming
// capabilities. If the options are
var PassThrough;
Runner.prototype.stream = function(options, handler) {
  // If we specify stream(handler).then(...
  if (arguments.length === 1) {
    if (_.isFunction(options)) {
      handler = options;
      options = {};
    }
  }

  // Determines whether we emit an error or throw here.
  var hasHandler = _.isFunction(handler);

  // Lazy-load the "PassThrough" dependency.
  PassThrough = PassThrough || require('readable-stream').PassThrough;
  var stream  = new PassThrough({objectMode: true});
  var promise = Promise.bind(this)
    .then(this.ensureConnection)
    .then(function(connection) {
      this.connection = connection;
      var sql = this.builder.toSQL();
      var err = new Error('The stream may only be used with a single query statement.');
      if (_.isArray(sql)) {
        if (hasHandler) throw err;
        stream.emit('error', err);
      }
      return sql;
    }).then(function(sql) {
      return this._stream(sql, stream, options);
    }).finally(this.cleanupConnection);

  // If a function is passed to handle the stream, send the stream
  // there and return the promise, otherwise just return the stream
  // and the promise will take care of itsself.
  if (hasHandler) {
    handler(stream);
    return promise;
  }
  return stream;
};

// Allow you to pipe the stream to a writable stream.
Runner.prototype.pipe = function(writable) {
  return this.stream().pipe(writable);
};

// "Runs" a query, returning a promise. All queries specified by the builder are guaranteed
// to run in sequence, and on the same connection, especially helpful when schema building
// and dealing with foreign key constraints, etc.
Runner.prototype.query = Promise.method(function(obj) {
  if (!this.connection) {
    throw new Error('There is an error with the database connection. Please check your config.');
  }
  obj.__cid = this.connection.__cid;
  this.builder.emit('query', obj);
  this.client.emit('query', obj);
  return this._query(obj).bind(this).then(this.processResponse);
});

// In the case of the "schema builder" we call `queryArray`, which runs each
// of the queries in sequence.
Runner.prototype.queryArray = Promise.method(function(queries) {
  return queries.length === 1 ? this.query(queries[0]) : Promise.bind(this)
    .thenReturn(queries)
    .reduce(function(memo, query) {
      return this.query(query).then(function(resp) {
        memo.push(resp);
        return memo;
      });
    }, []);
});

// Check whether there's a transaction flag, and that it has a connection.
Runner.prototype.ensureConnection = Promise.method(function() {
  if (this.builder._connection) {
    return this.builder._connection;
  }
  return this.client.acquireConnection();
});

// "Debug" the query being run.
Runner.prototype.debug = function(obj) {
  console.dir(_.extend({__cid: this.connection.__cid}, obj));
};

// Check whether we're "debugging", based on either calling `debug` on the query.
Runner.prototype.isDebugging = function() {
  return (this.client.isDebugging === true || this.builder._debug === true);
};

// Transaction Methods:
// -------

// Run the transaction on the correct "runner" instance.
Runner.prototype.transactionQuery = Promise.method(function() {
  var runner = this.builder._transacting._runner;
  if (!(runner instanceof Runner)) {
    throw new Error('Invalid transaction object provided.');
  }
  var sql = this.builder.toSQL();
  if (_.isArray(sql)) {
    return runner.queryArray(sql);
  }
  return runner.query(sql);
});

// Begins a transaction statement on the instance,
// resolving with the current runner.
Runner.prototype.startTransaction = Promise.method(function() {
  return Promise.bind(this)
    .then(this.ensureConnection)
    .then(function(connection) {
      this.connection  = connection;
      this.transaction = true;
      return this.beginTransaction();
    }).thenReturn(this);
});

// Finishes the transaction statement and handles disposing of the connection,
// resolving / rejecting the transaction's promise, and ensuring the transaction object's
// `_runner` property is `null`'ed out so it cannot continue to be used.
Runner.prototype.finishTransaction = Promise.method(function(action, containerObject, msg) {
  var query, dfd = containerObject.__dfd__;

  // Run the query to commit / rollback the transaction.
  switch (action) {
    case 0:
      query = this.commitTransaction();
      break;
    case 1:
      query = this.rollbackTransaction();
      break;
  }

  return query.then(function(resp) {
    msg = (msg === void 0) ? resp : msg;
    switch (action) {
      case 0:
        dfd.fulfill(msg);
        break;
      case 1:
        dfd.reject(msg);
        break;
    }

  // If there was a problem committing the transaction,
  // reject the transaction block (to reject the entire transaction block),
  // then re-throw the error for any promises chained off the commit.
  }).catch(function(e) {
    dfd.reject(e);
    throw e;
  }).bind(this).finally(function() {

    // Kill the "_runner" object on the containerObject,
    // so it's not possible to continue using the transaction object.
    containerObject._runner = void 0;

    return this.cleanupConnection();
  });
});

Runner.prototype.beginTransaction = function() {
  return this._beginTransaction   && this.query({sql: this._beginTransaction});
};
Runner.prototype.commitTransaction = function() {
  return this._commitTransaction   && this.query({sql: this._commitTransaction});
};
Runner.prototype.rollbackTransaction = function() {
  return this._rollbackTransaction && this.query({sql: this._rollbackTransaction});
};

// Cleanup the connection as necessary, if the `_connection` was
// explicitly set on the query we don't need to do anything here,
// otherwise we
Runner.prototype.cleanupConnection = Promise.method(function() {
  if (!this.builder._connection && typeof this.connection !== "undefined") {
    return this.client.releaseConnection(this.connection);
  }
});

module.exports = Runner;

},{"./promise":26,"lodash":88,"readable-stream":99}],33:[function(require,module,exports){
'use strict';

var _            = require('lodash');
var inherits     = require('inherits');
var EventEmitter = require('events').EventEmitter;

// Constructor for the builder instance, typically called from
// `knex.builder`, accepting the current `knex` instance,
// and pulling out the `client` and `grammar` from the current
// knex instance.
function SchemaBuilder() {
  this._sequence = [];
  this._errors = [];
}
inherits(SchemaBuilder, EventEmitter);

// Each of the schema builder methods just add to the
// "_sequence" array for consistency.
_.each([
  'createTable', 'createTableIfNotExists', 'createSchema',
  'createSchemaIfNotExists', 'dropSchema', 'dropSchemaIfExists',
  'table', 'alterTable', 'hasTable', 'hasColumn',
  'dropTable', 'renameTable', 'dropTableIfExists', 'raw', 'debug'
], function(method) {
  SchemaBuilder.prototype[method] = function() {
    if (method === 'table') method = 'alterTable';
    this._sequence.push({
      method: method,
      args: _.toArray(arguments)
    });
    return this;
  };
});

SchemaBuilder.prototype.toString = function() {
  return this.toQuery();
};

SchemaBuilder.prototype.toSQL = function() {
  var SchemaCompiler = this.client.SchemaCompiler;
  return new SchemaCompiler(this).toSQL();
};

require('../interface')(SchemaBuilder);

module.exports = SchemaBuilder;

},{"../interface":24,"events":83,"inherits":87,"lodash":88}],34:[function(require,module,exports){
'use strict';

var _ = require('lodash');

var AlterMethods = {};

// Specify that the column is to be dropped. This takes precedence
// over all other rules for the column.
AlterMethods.drop = function() {
  this._single.drop = true;
  return this;
};

// Specify the "type" that we're looking to set the
// Knex takes no responsibility for any data-loss that may
// occur when changing data types.
AlterMethods.alterType = function(type) {
  this._statements.push({
    grouping: 'alterType',
    value: type
  });
  return this;
};

// All of the modifier methods that can be used to modify the current query.
var modifiers = [
  'default', 'defaultsTo', 'defaultTo', 'unsigned',
  'nullable', 'notNull', 'notNullable',
  'first', 'after', 'comment'
];

// Aliases for convenience.
var aliasMethod = {
  default: 'defaultTo',
  defaultsTo: 'defaultTo',
  notNull: 'notNullable'
};

// Alias a few methods for clarity when processing.
var columnAlias = {
  'float'  : 'floating',
  'enum'   : 'enu',
  'boolean': 'bool',
  'string' : 'varchar',
  'bigint' : 'bigInteger'
};

// The chainable interface off the original "column" method.
function ColumnBuilder(tableBuilder, type, args) {
  this._single       = {};
  this._modifiers    = {};
  this._statements   = [];
  this._type         = columnAlias[type] || type;
  this._args         = args;
  this._tableBuilder = tableBuilder;

  // If we're altering the table, extend the object
  // with the available "alter" methods.
  if (tableBuilder._method === 'alter') {
    _.extend(this, AlterMethods);
  }
}

// If we call any of the modifiers (index or otherwise) on the chainable, we pretend
// as though we're calling `table.method(column)` directly.
_.each(modifiers, function(method) {
  ColumnBuilder.prototype[method] = function() {
    if (aliasMethod[method]) {
      method = aliasMethod[method];
    }
    if (method === 'notNullable') return this.nullable(false);
    this._modifiers[method] = _.toArray(arguments);
    return this;
  };
});

_.each(['index', 'primary', 'unique'], function(method) {
  ColumnBuilder.prototype[method] = function() {
    if (this._type.toLowerCase().indexOf('increments') === -1) {
      this._tableBuilder[method].apply(this._tableBuilder,
        [this._args[0]].concat(_.toArray(arguments)));
    }
    return this;
  };
});

// Specify that the current column "references" a column,
// which may be tableName.column or just "column"
ColumnBuilder.prototype.references = function(value) {
  return this._tableBuilder.foreign.call(this._tableBuilder, this._args[0], this)
    ._columnBuilder(this)
    .references(value);
};

module.exports = ColumnBuilder;

},{"lodash":88}],35:[function(require,module,exports){
'use strict';

// Column Compiler
// Used for designating column definitions
// during the table "create" / "alter" statements.
// -------
var _ = require('lodash');
var Raw = require('../raw');

function ColumnCompiler(tableCompiler, columnBuilder) {
  this.tableCompiler = tableCompiler;
  this.columnBuilder = columnBuilder;
  this.args = columnBuilder._args;
  this.type = columnBuilder._type.toLowerCase();
  this.grouped = _.groupBy(columnBuilder._statements, 'grouping');
  this.modified = columnBuilder._modifiers;
  this.isIncrements = (this.type.indexOf('increments') !== -1);
  this.initCompiler();
}

// To convert to sql, we first go through and build the
// column as it would be in the insert statement
ColumnCompiler.prototype.toSQL = function() {
  this.pushQuery(this.compileColumn());
  if (this.sequence.additional) {
    this.sequence = this.sequence.concat(this.sequence.additional);
  }
  return this.sequence;
};

// Compiles a column.
ColumnCompiler.prototype.compileColumn = function() {
  return this.formatter.wrap(this.getColumnName()) + ' ' +
    this.getColumnType() + this.getModifiers();
};

// Assumes the autoincrementing key is named `id` if not otherwise specified.
ColumnCompiler.prototype.getColumnName = function() {
  var value = _.first(this.args);
  if (value) return value;
  if (this.isIncrements) {
    return 'id';
  } else {
    throw new Error('You did not specify a column name for the ' + this.type + 'column.');
  }
};

ColumnCompiler.prototype.getColumnType = function() {
  var type = this[this.type];
  return _.isFunction(type) ? type.apply(this, _.rest(this.args)) : type;
};

ColumnCompiler.prototype.getModifiers = function() {
  var modifiers = [];
  if (this.type.indexOf('increments') === -1) {
    for (var i = 0, l = this.modifiers.length; i < l; i++) {
      var modifier = this.modifiers[i];
      if (_.has(this.modified, modifier)) {
        var val = this[modifier].apply(this, this.modified[modifier]);
        if (val) modifiers.push(val);
      }
    }
  }
  return modifiers.length > 0 ? ' ' + modifiers.join(' ') : '';
};

// Types
// ------

ColumnCompiler.prototype.increments = 'integer not null primary key autoincrement';
ColumnCompiler.prototype.bigincrements = 'integer not null primary key autoincrement';
ColumnCompiler.prototype.integer =
ColumnCompiler.prototype.smallint =
ColumnCompiler.prototype.mediumint = 'integer';
ColumnCompiler.prototype.biginteger = 'bigint';
ColumnCompiler.prototype.varchar = function(length) {
  return 'varchar(' + this._num(length, 255) + ')';
};
ColumnCompiler.prototype.text = 'text';
ColumnCompiler.prototype.tinyint = 'tinyint';
ColumnCompiler.prototype.floating = function(precision, scale) {
  return 'float(' + this._num(precision, 8) + ', ' + this._num(scale, 2) + ')';
};
ColumnCompiler.prototype.decimal = function(precision, scale) {
  return 'decimal(' + this._num(precision, 8) + ', ' + this._num(scale, 2) + ')';
};
ColumnCompiler.prototype.binary = 'blob';
ColumnCompiler.prototype.bool = 'boolean';
ColumnCompiler.prototype.date = 'date';
ColumnCompiler.prototype.datetime = 'datetime';
ColumnCompiler.prototype.time = 'time';
ColumnCompiler.prototype.timestamp = 'timestamp';
ColumnCompiler.prototype.enu = 'varchar';

ColumnCompiler.prototype.bit =
ColumnCompiler.prototype.json = 'text';

ColumnCompiler.prototype.uuid = 'char(36)';
ColumnCompiler.prototype.specifictype = function(type) {
  return type;
};

// Modifiers
// -------

ColumnCompiler.prototype.nullable = function(nullable) {
  return nullable === false ? 'not null' : 'null';
};
ColumnCompiler.prototype.notNullable = function() {
  return this.nullable(false);
};
ColumnCompiler.prototype.defaultTo = function(value) {
  if (value === void 0) {
    return '';
  } else if (value === null) {
    value = "null";
  } else if (value instanceof Raw) {
    value = value.toQuery();
  } else if (this.type === 'bool') {
    if (value === 'false') value = 0;
    value = "'" + (value ? 1 : 0) + "'";
  } else if (this.type === 'json' && _.isObject(value)) {
    return JSON.stringify(value);
  } else {
    value = "'" + value + "'";
  }
  return 'default ' + value;
};
ColumnCompiler.prototype._num = function(val, fallback) {
  if (val === undefined || val === null) return fallback;
  var number = parseInt(val, 10);
  return isNaN(number) ? fallback : number;
};

module.exports = ColumnCompiler;

},{"../raw":31,"lodash":88}],36:[function(require,module,exports){
'use strict';

// The "SchemaCompiler" takes all of the query statements which have been
// gathered in the "SchemaBuilder" and turns them into an array of
// properly formatted / bound query strings.
function SchemaCompiler(builder) {
  this.builder = builder;
  this.initCompiler();
}

function buildTable(type) {
  return function(tableName, fn) {
    var TableBuilder = this.client.TableBuilder;
    var sql = new TableBuilder(type, tableName, fn).toSQL();
    for (var i = 0, l = sql.length; i < l; i++) {
      this.sequence.push(sql[i]);
    }
  };
}

SchemaCompiler.prototype.createTable = buildTable('create');
SchemaCompiler.prototype.createTableIfNotExists = buildTable('createIfNot');
SchemaCompiler.prototype.alterTable  = buildTable('alter');

SchemaCompiler.prototype.dropTable = function(tableName) {
  this.pushQuery('drop table ' + this.formatter.wrap(tableName));
};
SchemaCompiler.prototype.dropTableIfExists = function(tableName) {
  this.pushQuery('drop table if exists ' + this.formatter.wrap(tableName));
};
SchemaCompiler.prototype.toSQL = function() {
  var sequence = this.builder._sequence;
  for (var i = 0, l = sequence.length; i < l; i++) {
    var query = sequence[i];
    this[query.method].apply(this, query.args);
  }
  return this.sequence;
};
SchemaCompiler.prototype.raw = function(sql, bindings) {
  this.sequence.push(new this.client.Raw(sql, bindings).toSQL());
};

module.exports = SchemaCompiler;
},{}],37:[function(require,module,exports){
'use strict';

var _ = require('lodash');

var Builder = require('./builder');
var Compiler = require('./compiler');
var TableBuilder = require('./tablebuilder');
var TableCompiler = require('./tablecompiler');
var ColumnBuilder = require('./columnbuilder');
var ColumnCompiler = require('./columncompiler');

// Initialize the compiler.
Compiler.prototype.initCompiler =
TableCompiler.prototype.initCompiler =
ColumnCompiler.prototype.initCompiler = function() {
  this.formatter = new this.Formatter();
  this.sequence  = [];
};

// Push a new query onto the compiled "sequence" stack,
// creating a new formatter, returning the compiler.
Compiler.prototype.pushQuery =
TableCompiler.prototype.pushQuery =
ColumnCompiler.prototype.pushQuery = function(query) {
  if (!query) return;
  if (_.isString(query)) {
    query = {sql: query};
  } else {
    query = query;
  }
  if (!query.bindings) {
    query.bindings = this.formatter.bindings;
  }
  this.sequence.push(query);
  this.formatter = new this.Formatter();
};

// Used in cases where we need to push some additional column specific statements.
ColumnCompiler.prototype.pushAdditional = function(fn) {
  var child = new this.constructor(this.tableCompiler, this.columnBuilder);
  fn.call(child, _.rest(arguments));
  this.sequence.additional = (this.sequence.additional || []).concat(child.sequence);
};

module.exports = {
  Builder: Builder,
  Compiler: Compiler,
  TableBuilder: TableBuilder,
  TableCompiler: TableCompiler,
  ColumnBuilder: ColumnBuilder,
  ColumnCompiler: ColumnCompiler
};
},{"./builder":33,"./columnbuilder":34,"./columncompiler":35,"./compiler":36,"./tablebuilder":38,"./tablecompiler":39,"lodash":88}],38:[function(require,module,exports){
'use strict';

// TableBuilder

// Takes the function passed to the "createTable" or "table/editTable"
// functions and calls it with the "TableBuilder" as both the context and
// the first argument. Inside this function we can specify what happens to the
// method, pushing everything we want to do onto the "allStatements" array,
// which is then compiled into sql.
// ------
var _ = require('lodash');
var helpers = require('../helpers');

var AlterMethods = {

  // Renames the current column `from` the current
  // TODO: this.column(from).rename(to)
  renameColumn: function(from, to) {
    this._statements.push({
      grouping: 'alterTable',
      method: 'renameColumn',
      args: [from, to]
    });
    return this;
  },

  dropTimestamps: function() {
    return this.dropColumns(['created_at', 'updated_at']);
  }

  // TODO: changeType
};

// Drop a column from the current table.
// TODO: Enable this.column(columnName).drop();
AlterMethods.dropColumn =
AlterMethods.dropColumns = function() {
  this._statements.push({
    grouping: 'alterTable',
    method: 'dropColumn',
    args: _.toArray(arguments)
  });
  return this;
};

function TableBuilder(method, tableName, fn) {
  this._fn         = fn;
  this._method     = method;
  this._tableName  = tableName;
  this._statements = [];
  this._single     = {};
}

// Convert the current tableBuilder object "toSQL"
// giving us additional methods if we're altering
// rather than creating the table.
TableBuilder.prototype.toSQL = function() {
  if (this._method === 'alter') {
    _.extend(this, AlterMethods);
  }
  this._fn.call(this, this);
  var TableCompiler = this.client.TableCompiler;
  return new TableCompiler(this).toSQL();
};

_.each([

  // Each of the index methods can be called individually, with the
  // column name to be used, e.g. table.unique('column').
  'index', 'primary', 'unique',

  // Key specific
  'dropPrimary', 'dropUnique', 'dropIndex', 'dropForeign'

], function(method) {
  TableBuilder.prototype[method] = function() {
    this._statements.push({
      grouping: 'alterTable',
      method: method,
      args: _.toArray(arguments)
    });
    return this;
  };
});

// Warn if we're not in MySQL, since that's the only time these
// three are supported.
var specialMethods = ['engine', 'charset', 'collate'];
_.each(specialMethods, function(method) {
  TableBuilder.prototype[method] = function(value) {
    if (false) {
      helpers.warn('Knex only supports ' + method + ' statement with mysql.');
    } if (this.__method === 'alter') {
      helpers.warn('Knex does not support altering the ' + method + ' outside of the create table, please use knex.raw statement.');
    }
    this._single[method] = value;
  };
});

// Each of the column types that we can add, we create a new ColumnBuilder
// instance and push it onto the statements array.
var columnTypes = [

  // Numeric
  'tinyint',
  'smallint',
  'mediumint',
  'int',
  'bigint',
  'decimal',
  'float',
  'double',
  'real',
  'bit',
  'boolean',
  'serial',

  // Date / Time
  'date',
  'datetime',
  'timestamp',
  'time',
  'year',

  // String
  'char',
  'varchar',
  'tinytext',
  'tinyText',
  'text',
  'mediumtext',
  'mediumText',
  'longtext',
  'longText',
  'binary',
  'varbinary',
  'tinyblob',
  'tinyBlob',
  'mediumblob',
  'mediumBlob',
  'blob',
  'longblob',
  'longBlob',
  'enum',
  'set',

  // Increments, Aliases, and Additional
  'bool',
  'dateTime',
  'increments',
  'bigincrements',
  'bigIncrements',
  'integer',
  'biginteger',
  'bigInteger',
  'string',
  'timestamps',
  'json',
  'uuid',
  'enu',
  'specificType'
];

// For each of the column methods, create a new "ColumnBuilder" interface,
// push it onto the "allStatements" stack, and then return the interface,
// with which we can add indexes, etc.
_.each(columnTypes, function(type) {
  TableBuilder.prototype[type] = function() {
    var args = _.toArray(arguments);

    // The "timestamps" call is really a compound call to set the
    // `created_at` and `updated_at` columns.
    if (type === 'timestamps') {
      if (args[0] === true) {
        this.timestamp('created_at');
        this.timestamp('updated_at');
      } else {
        this.datetime('created_at');
        this.datetime('updated_at');
      }
      return;
    }
    var ColumnBuilder = this.client.ColumnBuilder;
    var builder       = new ColumnBuilder(this, type, args);

    this._statements.push({
      grouping: 'columns',
      builder: builder
    });
    return builder;
  };

});

// Set the comment value for a table, they're only allowed to be called
// once per table.
TableBuilder.prototype.comment = function(value) {
  this._single.comment = value;
};

// Set a foreign key on the table, calling
// `table.foreign('column_name').references('column').on('table').onDelete()...
// Also called from the ColumnBuilder context when chaining.
TableBuilder.prototype.foreign = function(column) {
  var foreignData = {column: column};
  this._statements.push({
    grouping: 'alterTable',
    method: 'foreign',
    args: [foreignData]
  });
  var returnObj = {
    references: function(tableColumn) {
      var pieces;
      if (_.isString(tableColumn)) {
        pieces = tableColumn.split('.');
      }
      if (!pieces || pieces.length === 1) {
        foreignData.references = pieces ? pieces[0] : tableColumn;
        return {
          on: function(tableName) {
            foreignData.inTable = tableName;
            return returnObj;
          },
          inTable: function() {
            return this.on.apply(this, arguments);
          }
        };
      }
      foreignData.inTable = pieces[0];
      foreignData.references = pieces[1];
      return returnObj;
    },
    onUpdate: function(statement) {
      foreignData.onUpdate = statement;
      return returnObj;
    },
    onDelete: function(statement) {
      foreignData.onDelete = statement;
      return returnObj;
    },
    _columnBuilder: function(builder) {
      _.extend(builder, returnObj);
      returnObj = builder;
      return builder;
    }
  };
  return returnObj;
};

module.exports = TableBuilder;

},{"../helpers":23,"lodash":88}],39:[function(require,module,exports){
'use strict';

// Table Compiler
// -------
var _ = require('lodash');

var helpers = require('../helpers');

function TableCompiler(tableBuilder) {
  this.method         = tableBuilder._method;
  this.tableNameRaw   = tableBuilder._tableName;
  this.single         = tableBuilder._single;
  this.grouped        = _.groupBy(tableBuilder._statements, 'grouping');
  this.initCompiler();
}

// Convert the tableCompiler toSQL
TableCompiler.prototype.toSQL = function() {
  this[this.method]();
  return this.sequence;
};

// Column Compilation
// -------

// If this is a table "creation", we need to first run through all
// of the columns to build them into a single string,
// and then run through anything else and push it to the query sequence.
TableCompiler.prototype.create = function(ifNot) {
  var columns = this.getColumns();
  var columnTypes = this.getColumnTypes(columns);
  this.createQuery(columnTypes, ifNot);
  this.columnQueries(columns);
  delete this.single.comment;
  this.alterTable();
};

// Only create the table if it doesn't exist.
TableCompiler.prototype.createIfNot = function() {
  this.create(true);
};

// If we're altering the table, we need to one-by-one
// go through and handle each of the queries associated
// with altering the table's schema.
TableCompiler.prototype.alter = function() {
  var columns = this.getColumns();
  var columnTypes = this.getColumnTypes(columns);
  this.addColumns(columnTypes);
  this.columnQueries(columns);
  this.alterTable();
};

TableCompiler.prototype.foreign = function(foreignData) {
  if (foreignData.inTable && foreignData.references) {
    var keyName    = this._indexCommand('foreign', this.tableNameRaw, foreignData.column);
    var column     = this.formatter.columnize(foreignData.column);
    var references = this.formatter.columnize(foreignData.references);
    var inTable    = this.formatter.wrap(foreignData.inTable);
    var onUpdate   = foreignData.onUpdate ? ' on update ' + foreignData.onUpdate : '';
    var onDelete   = foreignData.onDelete ? ' on delete ' + foreignData.onDelete : '';
    this.pushQuery('alter table ' + this.tableName() + ' add constraint ' + keyName + ' ' +
      'foreign key (' + column + ') references ' + inTable + ' (' + references + ')' + onUpdate + onDelete);
  }
};

// Get all of the column sql & bindings individually for building the table queries.
TableCompiler.prototype.getColumnTypes = function(columns) {
  return _.reduce(_.map(columns, _.first), function(memo, column) {
    memo.sql.push(column.sql);
    memo.bindings.concat(column.bindings);
    return memo;
  }, {sql: [], bindings: []});
};

// Adds all of the additional queries from the "column"
TableCompiler.prototype.columnQueries = function(columns) {
  var queries = _.reduce(_.map(columns, _.rest), function(memo, column) {
    if (!_.isEmpty(column)) return memo.concat(column);
    return memo;
  }, []);
  for (var i = 0, l = queries.length; i < l; i++) {
    this.pushQuery(queries[i]);
  }
};

// Add a new column.
TableCompiler.prototype.addColumnsPrefix = 'add column ';

// All of the columns to "add" for the query
TableCompiler.prototype.addColumns = function(columns) {
  if (columns.sql.length > 0) {
    var columnSql = _.map(columns.sql, function(column) {
      return this.addColumnsPrefix + column;
    }, this);
    this.pushQuery({
      sql: 'alter table ' + this.tableName() + ' ' + columnSql.join(', '),
      bindings: columns.bindings
    });
  }
};

// Compile the columns as needed for the current create or alter table
TableCompiler.prototype.getColumns = function() {
  var compiledColumns = [], columns = this.grouped.columns || [];
  var ColumnCompiler = this.client.ColumnCompiler;
  for (var i = 0, l = columns.length; i < l; i++) {
    compiledColumns.push(new ColumnCompiler(this, columns[i].builder).toSQL());
  }
  return compiledColumns;
};

TableCompiler.prototype.tableName = function() {
  return this.formatter.wrap(this.tableNameRaw);
};

// Generate all of the alter column statements necessary for the query.
TableCompiler.prototype.alterTable = function() {
  var alterTable = this.grouped.alterTable || [];
  for (var i = 0, l = alterTable.length; i < l; i++) {
    var statement = alterTable[i];
    if (this[statement.method]) {
      this[statement.method].apply(this, statement.args);
    } else {
      console.error('Debug: ' + statement.method + ' does not exist');
    }
  }
  for (var item in this.single) {
    if (_.isFunction(this[item])) this[item](this.single[item]);
  }
};

// Drop the index on the current table.
TableCompiler.prototype.dropIndex = function(value) {
  this.pushQuery('drop index' + value);
};

// Drop the unique
TableCompiler.prototype.dropUnique =
TableCompiler.prototype.dropForeign = function() {
  throw new Error('Method implemented in the dialect driver');
};

TableCompiler.prototype.dropColumnPrefix = 'drop column ';
TableCompiler.prototype.dropColumn = function() {
  var columns = helpers.normalizeArr.apply(null, arguments);
  var drops = _.map(_.isArray(columns) ? columns : [columns], function(column) {
    return this.dropColumnPrefix + this.formatter.wrap(column);
  }, this);
  this.pushQuery('alter table ' + this.tableName() + ' ' + drops.join(', '));
};

// If no name was specified for this index, we will create one using a basic
// convention of the table name, followed by the columns, followed by an
// index type, such as primary or index, which makes the index unique.
TableCompiler.prototype._indexCommand = function(type, tableName, columns) {
  if (!_.isArray(columns)) columns = columns ? [columns] : [];
  var table = tableName.replace(/\.|-/g, '_');
  return (table + '_' + columns.join('_') + '_' + type).toLowerCase();
};

module.exports = TableCompiler;
},{"../helpers":23,"lodash":88}],40:[function(require,module,exports){
'use strict';

// Transaction
// -------
var Promise = require('./promise');
var inherits = require('inherits');
var EventEmitter = require('events').EventEmitter;

// Creates a new wrapper object for constructing a transaction.
// Called by the `knex.transaction`, which sets the correct client
// and handles the `container` object, passing along the correct
// `connection` to keep all of the transactions on the correct connection.
function Transaction(container) {
  this.container = container;
}
inherits(Transaction, EventEmitter);

// Build the knex instance passed around inside the transaction container.
// It can be used both as a fully functional knex instance, or assimilated
// into existing knex chains via the ".transacting" method call.
Transaction.prototype.containerObject = function(runner) {
  var Knex = require('../knex');

  // Create an entirely new knex instance just for this transaction
  var transactor = Knex.initialize({
    __client__     : this.client,
    __transactor__ : {_runner: runner}
  });

  // Remove the ability to start a transaction or destroy
  // the entire pool within a transaction.
  transactor.destroy = transactor.transaction = void 0;

  // Commits the transaction:
  transactor.commit = function(message) {
    runner.finishTransaction(0, transactor, message);
  };

  // Rolls back the transaction.
  transactor.rollback = function(error) {
    runner.finishTransaction(1, transactor, error);
  };

  transactor._runner = runner;

  return transactor;
};

Transaction.prototype.initiateDeferred = function(transactor) {

  // Initiate a deferred object, bound to the container object,
  // so we know when the transaction completes or fails
  // and can continue from there.
  var dfd = transactor.__dfd__ = Promise.pending();

  // Call the container with the transaction
  // commit & rollback objects.
  var result = this.container(transactor);

  // If we've returned a "thenable" from the transaction container,
  // and it's got the transaction object we're running for this, assume
  // the rollback and commit are chained to this object's success / failure.
  if (result && result.then && typeof result.then === 'function') {
    result.then(function(val) { transactor.commit(val); }).catch(function(err) { transactor.rollback(err); });
  }

  // Return the promise for the entire transaction.
  return dfd.promise;
};

// Allow the `Transaction` object to be utilized with full access to the relevant
// promise API.
require('./interface')(Transaction);

// Passed a `container` function, this method runs the current
// transaction, returning a promise.
Transaction.prototype.then = function(/* onFulfilled, onRejected */) {
  var Runner  = this.client.Runner;
  var self = this;

  // Create a new "runner" object, passing the "runner"
  // object along, so we can easily keep track of every
  // query run on the current connection.
  var result = new Runner(this)
    .startTransaction()
    .then(function(runner) {
      return self.containerObject(runner);
    })
    .then(function(container) {
      return self.initiateDeferred(container);
    });
  return result.then.apply(result, arguments);
};

module.exports = Transaction;

},{"../knex":undefined,"./interface":24,"./promise":26,"events":83,"inherits":87}],41:[function(require,module,exports){
"use strict";
module.exports = function(Promise) {
var SomePromiseArray = Promise._SomePromiseArray;
function any(promises) {
    var ret = new SomePromiseArray(promises);
    var promise = ret.promise();
    ret.setHowMany(1);
    ret.setUnwrap();
    ret.init();
    return promise;
}

Promise.any = function (promises) {
    return any(promises);
};

Promise.prototype.any = function () {
    return any(this);
};

};

},{}],42:[function(require,module,exports){
(function (process){
"use strict";
var firstLineError;
try {throw new Error(); } catch (e) {firstLineError = e;}
var schedule = require("./schedule.js");
var Queue = require("./queue.js");
var _process = typeof process !== "undefined" ? process : undefined;

function Async() {
    this._isTickUsed = false;
    this._lateQueue = new Queue(16);
    this._normalQueue = new Queue(16);
    var self = this;
    this.drainQueues = function () {
        self._drainQueues();
    };
    this._schedule =
        schedule.isStatic ? schedule(this.drainQueues) : schedule;
}

Async.prototype.haveItemsQueued = function () {
    return this._normalQueue.length() > 0;
};

Async.prototype._withDomain = function(fn) {
    if (_process !== undefined &&
        _process.domain != null &&
        !fn.domain) {
        fn = _process.domain.bind(fn);
    }
    return fn;
};

Async.prototype.throwLater = function(fn, arg) {
    if (arguments.length === 1) {
        arg = fn;
        fn = function () { throw arg; };
    }
    fn = this._withDomain(fn);
    if (typeof setTimeout !== "undefined") {
        setTimeout(function() {
            fn(arg);
        }, 0);
    } else try {
        this._schedule(function() {
            fn(arg);
        });
    } catch (e) {
        throw new Error("No async scheduler available\u000a\u000a    See http://goo.gl/m3OTXk\u000a");
    }
};

Async.prototype.invokeLater = function (fn, receiver, arg) {
    fn = this._withDomain(fn);
    this._lateQueue.push(fn, receiver, arg);
    this._queueTick();
};

Async.prototype.invokeFirst = function (fn, receiver, arg) {
    fn = this._withDomain(fn);
    this._normalQueue.unshift(fn, receiver, arg);
    this._queueTick();
};

Async.prototype.invoke = function (fn, receiver, arg) {
    fn = this._withDomain(fn);
    this._normalQueue.push(fn, receiver, arg);
    this._queueTick();
};

Async.prototype.settlePromises = function(promise) {
    this._normalQueue._pushOne(promise);
    this._queueTick();
};

Async.prototype._drainQueue = function(queue) {
    while (queue.length() > 0) {
        var fn = queue.shift();
        if (typeof fn !== "function") {
            fn._settlePromises();
            continue;
        }
        var receiver = queue.shift();
        var arg = queue.shift();
        fn.call(receiver, arg);
    }
};

Async.prototype._drainQueues = function () {
    this._drainQueue(this._normalQueue);
    this._reset();
    this._drainQueue(this._lateQueue);
};

Async.prototype._queueTick = function () {
    if (!this._isTickUsed) {
        this._isTickUsed = true;
        this._schedule(this.drainQueues);
    }
};

Async.prototype._reset = function () {
    this._isTickUsed = false;
};

module.exports = new Async();
module.exports.firstLineError = firstLineError;

}).call(this,require('_process'))
},{"./queue.js":67,"./schedule.js":70,"_process":84}],43:[function(require,module,exports){
"use strict";
module.exports = function(Promise, INTERNAL, tryConvertToPromise) {
var rejectThis = function(_, e) {
    this._reject(e);
};

var targetRejected = function(e, context) {
    context.promiseRejectionQueued = true;
    context.bindingPromise._then(rejectThis, rejectThis, null, this, e);
};

var bindingResolved = function(thisArg, context) {
    this._setBoundTo(thisArg);
    if (this._isPending()) {
        this._resolveCallback(context.target);
    }
};

var bindingRejected = function(e, context) {
    if (!context.promiseRejectionQueued) this._reject(e);
};

Promise.prototype.bind = function (thisArg) {
    var maybePromise = tryConvertToPromise(thisArg);
    var ret = new Promise(INTERNAL);
    ret._propagateFrom(this, 1);
    var target = this._target();
    if (maybePromise instanceof Promise) {
        var context = {
            promiseRejectionQueued: false,
            promise: ret,
            target: target,
            bindingPromise: maybePromise
        };
        target._then(INTERNAL, targetRejected, ret._progress, ret, context);
        maybePromise._then(
            bindingResolved, bindingRejected, ret._progress, ret, context);
    } else {
        ret._setBoundTo(thisArg);
        ret._resolveCallback(target);
    }
    return ret;
};

Promise.prototype._setBoundTo = function (obj) {
    if (obj !== undefined) {
        this._bitField = this._bitField | 131072;
        this._boundTo = obj;
    } else {
        this._bitField = this._bitField & (~131072);
    }
};

Promise.prototype._isBound = function () {
    return (this._bitField & 131072) === 131072;
};

Promise.bind = function (thisArg, value) {
    var maybePromise = tryConvertToPromise(thisArg);
    var ret = new Promise(INTERNAL);

    if (maybePromise instanceof Promise) {
        maybePromise._then(function(thisArg) {
            ret._setBoundTo(thisArg);
            ret._resolveCallback(value);
        }, ret._reject, ret._progress, ret, null);
    } else {
        ret._setBoundTo(thisArg);
        ret._resolveCallback(value);
    }
    return ret;
};
};

},{}],44:[function(require,module,exports){
"use strict";
var cr = Object.create;
if (cr) {
    var callerCache = cr(null);
    var getterCache = cr(null);
    callerCache[" size"] = getterCache[" size"] = 0;
}

module.exports = function(Promise) {
var util = require("./util.js");
var canEvaluate = util.canEvaluate;
var isIdentifier = util.isIdentifier;

var getMethodCaller;
var getGetter;
if (!false) {
var makeMethodCaller = function (methodName) {
    return new Function("ensureMethod", "                                    \n\
        return function(obj) {                                               \n\
            'use strict'                                                     \n\
            var len = this.length;                                           \n\
            ensureMethod(obj, 'methodName');                                 \n\
            switch(len) {                                                    \n\
                case 1: return obj.methodName(this[0]);                      \n\
                case 2: return obj.methodName(this[0], this[1]);             \n\
                case 3: return obj.methodName(this[0], this[1], this[2]);    \n\
                case 0: return obj.methodName();                             \n\
                default:                                                     \n\
                    return obj.methodName.apply(obj, this);                  \n\
            }                                                                \n\
        };                                                                   \n\
        ".replace(/methodName/g, methodName))(ensureMethod);
};

var makeGetter = function (propertyName) {
    return new Function("obj", "                                             \n\
        'use strict';                                                        \n\
        return obj.propertyName;                                             \n\
        ".replace("propertyName", propertyName));
};

var getCompiled = function(name, compiler, cache) {
    var ret = cache[name];
    if (typeof ret !== "function") {
        if (!isIdentifier(name)) {
            return null;
        }
        ret = compiler(name);
        cache[name] = ret;
        cache[" size"]++;
        if (cache[" size"] > 512) {
            var keys = Object.keys(cache);
            for (var i = 0; i < 256; ++i) delete cache[keys[i]];
            cache[" size"] = keys.length - 256;
        }
    }
    return ret;
};

getMethodCaller = function(name) {
    return getCompiled(name, makeMethodCaller, callerCache);
};

getGetter = function(name) {
    return getCompiled(name, makeGetter, getterCache);
};
}

function ensureMethod(obj, methodName) {
    var fn;
    if (obj != null) fn = obj[methodName];
    if (typeof fn !== "function") {
        var message = "Object " + util.classString(obj) + " has no method '" +
            util.toString(methodName) + "'";
        throw new Promise.TypeError(message);
    }
    return fn;
}

function caller(obj) {
    var methodName = this.pop();
    var fn = ensureMethod(obj, methodName);
    return fn.apply(obj, this);
}
Promise.prototype.call = function (methodName) {
    var $_len = arguments.length;var args = new Array($_len - 1); for(var $_i = 1; $_i < $_len; ++$_i) {args[$_i - 1] = arguments[$_i];}
    if (!false) {
        if (canEvaluate) {
            var maybeCaller = getMethodCaller(methodName);
            if (maybeCaller !== null) {
                return this._then(
                    maybeCaller, undefined, undefined, args, undefined);
            }
        }
    }
    args.push(methodName);
    return this._then(caller, undefined, undefined, args, undefined);
};

function namedGetter(obj) {
    return obj[this];
}
function indexedGetter(obj) {
    var index = +this;
    if (index < 0) index = Math.max(0, index + obj.length);
    return obj[index];
}
Promise.prototype.get = function (propertyName) {
    var isIndex = (typeof propertyName === "number");
    var getter;
    if (!isIndex) {
        if (canEvaluate) {
            var maybeGetter = getGetter(propertyName);
            getter = maybeGetter !== null ? maybeGetter : namedGetter;
        } else {
            getter = namedGetter;
        }
    } else {
        getter = indexedGetter;
    }
    return this._then(getter, undefined, undefined, propertyName, undefined);
};
};

},{"./util.js":77}],45:[function(require,module,exports){
"use strict";
module.exports = function(Promise) {
var errors = require("./errors.js");
var async = require("./async.js");
var CancellationError = errors.CancellationError;

Promise.prototype._cancel = function (reason) {
    if (!this.isCancellable()) return this;
    var parent;
    var promiseToReject = this;
    while ((parent = promiseToReject._cancellationParent) !== undefined &&
        parent.isCancellable()) {
        promiseToReject = parent;
    }
    this._unsetCancellable();
    promiseToReject._target()._rejectCallback(reason, false, true);
};

Promise.prototype.cancel = function (reason) {
    if (!this.isCancellable()) return this;
    if (reason === undefined) reason = new CancellationError();
    async.invokeLater(this._cancel, this, reason);
    return this;
};

Promise.prototype.cancellable = function () {
    if (this._cancellable()) return this;
    this._setCancellable();
    this._cancellationParent = undefined;
    return this;
};

Promise.prototype.uncancellable = function () {
    var ret = this.then();
    ret._unsetCancellable();
    return ret;
};

Promise.prototype.fork = function (didFulfill, didReject, didProgress) {
    var ret = this._then(didFulfill, didReject, didProgress,
                         undefined, undefined);

    ret._setCancellable();
    ret._cancellationParent = undefined;
    return ret;
};
};

},{"./async.js":42,"./errors.js":52}],46:[function(require,module,exports){
(function (process){
"use strict";
module.exports = function() {
var async = require("./async.js");
var util = require("./util.js");
var bluebirdFramePattern =
    /[\\\/]bluebird[\\\/]js[\\\/](main|debug|zalgo|instrumented)/;
var stackFramePattern = null;
var formatStack = null;
var indentStackFrames = false;
var warn;

function CapturedTrace(parent) {
    this._parent = parent;
    var length = this._length = 1 + (parent === undefined ? 0 : parent._length);
    captureStackTrace(this, CapturedTrace);
    if (length > 32) this.uncycle();
}
util.inherits(CapturedTrace, Error);

CapturedTrace.prototype.uncycle = function() {
    var length = this._length;
    if (length < 2) return;
    var nodes = [];
    var stackToIndex = {};

    for (var i = 0, node = this; node !== undefined; ++i) {
        nodes.push(node);
        node = node._parent;
    }
    length = this._length = i;
    for (var i = length - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
        var stack = nodes[i].stack;
        if (stackToIndex[stack] === undefined) {
            stackToIndex[stack] = i;
        }
    }
    for (var i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
        var currentStack = nodes[i].stack;
        var index = stackToIndex[currentStack];
        if (index !== undefined && index !== i) {
            if (index > 0) {
                nodes[index - 1]._parent = undefined;
                nodes[index - 1]._length = 1;
            }
            nodes[i]._parent = undefined;
            nodes[i]._length = 1;
            var cycleEdgeNode = i > 0 ? nodes[i - 1] : this;

            if (index < length - 1) {
                cycleEdgeNode._parent = nodes[index + 1];
                cycleEdgeNode._parent.uncycle();
                cycleEdgeNode._length =
                    cycleEdgeNode._parent._length + 1;
            } else {
                cycleEdgeNode._parent = undefined;
                cycleEdgeNode._length = 1;
            }
            var currentChildLength = cycleEdgeNode._length + 1;
            for (var j = i - 2; j >= 0; --j) {
                nodes[j]._length = currentChildLength;
                currentChildLength++;
            }
            return;
        }
    }
};

CapturedTrace.prototype.parent = function() {
    return this._parent;
};

CapturedTrace.prototype.hasParent = function() {
    return this._parent !== undefined;
};

CapturedTrace.prototype.attachExtraTrace = function(error) {
    if (error.__stackCleaned__) return;
    this.uncycle();
    var parsed = CapturedTrace.parseStackAndMessage(error);
    var message = parsed.message;
    var stacks = [parsed.stack];

    var trace = this;
    while (trace !== undefined) {
        stacks.push(cleanStack(trace.stack.split("\n")));
        trace = trace._parent;
    }
    removeCommonRoots(stacks);
    removeDuplicateOrEmptyJumps(stacks);
    error.stack = reconstructStack(message, stacks);
    util.notEnumerableProp(error, "__stackCleaned__", true);
};

function reconstructStack(message, stacks) {
    for (var i = 0; i < stacks.length - 1; ++i) {
        stacks[i].push("From previous event:");
        stacks[i] = stacks[i].join("\n");
    }
    if (i < stacks.length) {
        stacks[i] = stacks[i].join("\n");
    }
    return message + "\n" + stacks.join("\n");
}

function removeDuplicateOrEmptyJumps(stacks) {
    for (var i = 0; i < stacks.length; ++i) {
        if (stacks[i].length === 0 ||
            ((i + 1 < stacks.length) && stacks[i][0] === stacks[i+1][0])) {
            stacks.splice(i, 1);
            i--;
        }
    }
}

function removeCommonRoots(stacks) {
    var current = stacks[0];
    for (var i = 1; i < stacks.length; ++i) {
        var prev = stacks[i];
        var currentLastIndex = current.length - 1;
        var currentLastLine = current[currentLastIndex];
        var commonRootMeetPoint = -1;

        for (var j = prev.length - 1; j >= 0; --j) {
            if (prev[j] === currentLastLine) {
                commonRootMeetPoint = j;
                break;
            }
        }

        for (var j = commonRootMeetPoint; j >= 0; --j) {
            var line = prev[j];
            if (current[currentLastIndex] === line) {
                current.pop();
                currentLastIndex--;
            } else {
                break;
            }
        }
        current = prev;
    }
}

function cleanStack(stack) {
    var ret = [];
    for (var i = 0; i < stack.length; ++i) {
        var line = stack[i];
        var isTraceLine = stackFramePattern.test(line) ||
            "    (No stack trace)" === line;
        var isInternalFrame = isTraceLine && shouldIgnore(line);
        if (isTraceLine && !isInternalFrame) {
            if (indentStackFrames && line.charAt(0) !== " ") {
                line = "    " + line;
            }
            ret.push(line);
        }
    }
    return ret;
}

function stackFramesAsArray(error) {
    var stack = error.stack.replace(/\s+$/g, "").split("\n");
    for (var i = 0; i < stack.length; ++i) {
        var line = stack[i];
        if ("    (No stack trace)" === line || stackFramePattern.test(line)) {
            break;
        }
    }
    if (i > 0) {
        stack = stack.slice(i);
    }
    return stack;
}

CapturedTrace.parseStackAndMessage = function(error) {
    var stack = error.stack;
    var message = error.toString();
    stack = typeof stack === "string" && stack.length > 0
                ? stackFramesAsArray(error) : ["    (No stack trace)"];
    return {
        message: message,
        stack: cleanStack(stack)
    };
};

CapturedTrace.formatAndLogError = function(error, title) {
    if (typeof console !== "undefined") {
        var message;
        if (typeof error === "object" || typeof error === "function") {
            var stack = error.stack;
            message = title + formatStack(stack, error);
        } else {
            message = title + String(error);
        }
        if (typeof warn === "function") {
            warn(message);
        } else if (typeof console.log === "function" ||
            typeof console.log === "object") {
            console.log(message);
        }
    }
};

CapturedTrace.unhandledRejection = function (reason) {
    CapturedTrace.formatAndLogError(reason, "^--- With additional stack trace: ");
};

CapturedTrace.isSupported = function () {
    return typeof captureStackTrace === "function";
};

CapturedTrace.fireRejectionEvent =
function(name, localHandler, reason, promise) {
    var localEventFired = false;
    try {
        if (typeof localHandler === "function") {
            localEventFired = true;
            if (name === "rejectionHandled") {
                localHandler(promise);
            } else {
                localHandler(reason, promise);
            }
        }
    } catch (e) {
        async.throwLater(e);
    }

    var globalEventFired = false;
    try {
        globalEventFired = fireGlobalEvent(name, reason, promise);
    } catch (e) {
        globalEventFired = true;
        async.throwLater(e);
    }

    var domEventFired = false;
    if (fireDomEvent) {
        try {
            domEventFired = fireDomEvent(name.toLowerCase(), {
                reason: reason,
                promise: promise
            });
        } catch (e) {
            domEventFired = true;
            async.throwLater(e);
        }
    }

    if (!globalEventFired && !localEventFired && !domEventFired &&
        name === "unhandledRejection") {
        CapturedTrace.formatAndLogError(reason, "Unhandled rejection ");
    }
};

function formatNonError(obj) {
    var str;
    if (typeof obj === "function") {
        str = "[function " +
            (obj.name || "anonymous") +
            "]";
    } else {
        str = obj.toString();
        var ruselessToString = /\[object [a-zA-Z0-9$_]+\]/;
        if (ruselessToString.test(str)) {
            try {
                var newStr = JSON.stringify(obj);
                str = newStr;
            }
            catch(e) {

            }
        }
        if (str.length === 0) {
            str = "(empty array)";
        }
    }
    return ("(<" + snip(str) + ">, no stack trace)");
}

function snip(str) {
    var maxChars = 41;
    if (str.length < maxChars) {
        return str;
    }
    return str.substr(0, maxChars - 3) + "...";
}

var shouldIgnore = function() { return false; };
var parseLineInfoRegex = /[\/<\(]([^:\/]+):(\d+):(?:\d+)\)?\s*$/;
function parseLineInfo(line) {
    var matches = line.match(parseLineInfoRegex);
    if (matches) {
        return {
            fileName: matches[1],
            line: parseInt(matches[2], 10)
        };
    }
}
CapturedTrace.setBounds = function(firstLineError, lastLineError) {
    if (!CapturedTrace.isSupported()) return;
    var firstStackLines = firstLineError.stack.split("\n");
    var lastStackLines = lastLineError.stack.split("\n");
    var firstIndex = -1;
    var lastIndex = -1;
    var firstFileName;
    var lastFileName;
    for (var i = 0; i < firstStackLines.length; ++i) {
        var result = parseLineInfo(firstStackLines[i]);
        if (result) {
            firstFileName = result.fileName;
            firstIndex = result.line;
            break;
        }
    }
    for (var i = 0; i < lastStackLines.length; ++i) {
        var result = parseLineInfo(lastStackLines[i]);
        if (result) {
            lastFileName = result.fileName;
            lastIndex = result.line;
            break;
        }
    }
    if (firstIndex < 0 || lastIndex < 0 || !firstFileName || !lastFileName ||
        firstFileName !== lastFileName || firstIndex >= lastIndex) {
        return;
    }

    shouldIgnore = function(line) {
        if (bluebirdFramePattern.test(line)) return true;
        var info = parseLineInfo(line);
        if (info) {
            if (info.fileName === firstFileName &&
                (firstIndex <= info.line && info.line <= lastIndex)) {
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    };
};

var captureStackTrace = (function stackDetection() {
    var v8stackFramePattern = /^\s*at\s*/;
    var v8stackFormatter = function(stack, error) {
        if (typeof stack === "string") return stack;

        if (error.name !== undefined &&
            error.message !== undefined) {
            return error.toString();
        }
        return formatNonError(error);
    };

    if (typeof Error.stackTraceLimit === "number" &&
        typeof Error.captureStackTrace === "function") {
        Error.stackTraceLimit = Error.stackTraceLimit + 6;
        stackFramePattern = v8stackFramePattern;
        formatStack = v8stackFormatter;
        var captureStackTrace = Error.captureStackTrace;

        shouldIgnore = function(line) {
            return bluebirdFramePattern.test(line);
        };
        return function(receiver, ignoreUntil) {
            Error.stackTraceLimit = Error.stackTraceLimit + 6;
            captureStackTrace(receiver, ignoreUntil);
            Error.stackTraceLimit = Error.stackTraceLimit - 6;
        };
    }
    var err = new Error();

    if (typeof err.stack === "string" &&
        err.stack.split("\n")[0].indexOf("stackDetection@") >= 0) {
        stackFramePattern = /@/;
        formatStack = v8stackFormatter;
        indentStackFrames = true;
        return function captureStackTrace(o) {
            o.stack = new Error().stack;
        };
    }

    var hasStackAfterThrow;
    try { throw new Error(); }
    catch(e) {
        hasStackAfterThrow = ("stack" in e);
    }
    if (!("stack" in err) && hasStackAfterThrow) {
        stackFramePattern = v8stackFramePattern;
        formatStack = v8stackFormatter;
        return function captureStackTrace(o) {
            Error.stackTraceLimit = Error.stackTraceLimit + 6;
            try { throw new Error(); }
            catch(e) { o.stack = e.stack; }
            Error.stackTraceLimit = Error.stackTraceLimit - 6;
        };
    }

    formatStack = function(stack, error) {
        if (typeof stack === "string") return stack;

        if ((typeof error === "object" ||
            typeof error === "function") &&
            error.name !== undefined &&
            error.message !== undefined) {
            return error.toString();
        }
        return formatNonError(error);
    };

    return null;

})([]);

var fireDomEvent;
var fireGlobalEvent = (function() {
    if (util.isNode) {
        return function(name, reason, promise) {
            if (name === "rejectionHandled") {
                return process.emit(name, promise);
            } else {
                return process.emit(name, reason, promise);
            }
        };
    } else {
        var customEventWorks = false;
        var anyEventWorks = true;
        try {
            var ev = new self.CustomEvent("test");
            customEventWorks = ev instanceof CustomEvent;
        } catch (e) {}
        if (!customEventWorks) {
            try {
                var event = document.createEvent("CustomEvent");
                event.initCustomEvent("testingtheevent", false, true, {});
                self.dispatchEvent(event);
            } catch (e) {
                anyEventWorks = false;
            }
        }
        if (anyEventWorks) {
            fireDomEvent = function(type, detail) {
                var event;
                if (customEventWorks) {
                    event = new self.CustomEvent(type, {
                        detail: detail,
                        bubbles: false,
                        cancelable: true
                    });
                } else if (self.dispatchEvent) {
                    event = document.createEvent("CustomEvent");
                    event.initCustomEvent(type, false, true, detail);
                }

                return event ? !self.dispatchEvent(event) : false;
            };
        }

        var toWindowMethodNameMap = {};
        toWindowMethodNameMap["unhandledRejection"] = ("on" +
            "unhandledRejection").toLowerCase();
        toWindowMethodNameMap["rejectionHandled"] = ("on" +
            "rejectionHandled").toLowerCase();

        return function(name, reason, promise) {
            var methodName = toWindowMethodNameMap[name];
            var method = self[methodName];
            if (!method) return false;
            if (name === "rejectionHandled") {
                method.call(self, promise);
            } else {
                method.call(self, reason, promise);
            }
            return true;
        };
    }
})();

if (typeof console !== "undefined" && typeof console.warn !== "undefined") {
    warn = function (message) {
        console.warn(message);
    };
    if (util.isNode && process.stderr.isTTY) {
        warn = function(message) {
            process.stderr.write("\u001b[31m" + message + "\u001b[39m\n");
        };
    } else if (!util.isNode && typeof (new Error().stack) === "string") {
        warn = function(message) {
            console.warn("%c" + message, "color: red");
        };
    }
}

return CapturedTrace;
};

}).call(this,require('_process'))
},{"./async.js":42,"./util.js":77,"_process":84}],47:[function(require,module,exports){
"use strict";
module.exports = function(NEXT_FILTER) {
var util = require("./util.js");
var errors = require("./errors.js");
var tryCatch = util.tryCatch;
var errorObj = util.errorObj;
var keys = require("./es5.js").keys;
var TypeError = errors.TypeError;

function CatchFilter(instances, callback, promise) {
    this._instances = instances;
    this._callback = callback;
    this._promise = promise;
}

function safePredicate(predicate, e) {
    var safeObject = {};
    var retfilter = tryCatch(predicate).call(safeObject, e);

    if (retfilter === errorObj) return retfilter;

    var safeKeys = keys(safeObject);
    if (safeKeys.length) {
        errorObj.e = new TypeError("Catch filter must inherit from Error or be a simple predicate function\u000a\u000a    See http://goo.gl/o84o68\u000a");
        return errorObj;
    }
    return retfilter;
}

CatchFilter.prototype.doFilter = function (e) {
    var cb = this._callback;
    var promise = this._promise;
    var boundTo = promise._boundTo;
    for (var i = 0, len = this._instances.length; i < len; ++i) {
        var item = this._instances[i];
        var itemIsErrorType = item === Error ||
            (item != null && item.prototype instanceof Error);

        if (itemIsErrorType && e instanceof item) {
            var ret = tryCatch(cb).call(boundTo, e);
            if (ret === errorObj) {
                NEXT_FILTER.e = ret.e;
                return NEXT_FILTER;
            }
            return ret;
        } else if (typeof item === "function" && !itemIsErrorType) {
            var shouldHandle = safePredicate(item, e);
            if (shouldHandle === errorObj) {
                e = errorObj.e;
                break;
            } else if (shouldHandle) {
                var ret = tryCatch(cb).call(boundTo, e);
                if (ret === errorObj) {
                    NEXT_FILTER.e = ret.e;
                    return NEXT_FILTER;
                }
                return ret;
            }
        }
    }
    NEXT_FILTER.e = e;
    return NEXT_FILTER;
};

return CatchFilter;
};

},{"./errors.js":52,"./es5.js":53,"./util.js":77}],48:[function(require,module,exports){
"use strict";
module.exports = function(Promise, CapturedTrace, isDebugging) {
var contextStack = [];
function Context() {
    this._trace = new CapturedTrace(peekContext());
}
Context.prototype._pushContext = function () {
    if (!isDebugging()) return;
    if (this._trace !== undefined) {
        contextStack.push(this._trace);
    }
};

Context.prototype._popContext = function () {
    if (!isDebugging()) return;
    if (this._trace !== undefined) {
        contextStack.pop();
    }
};

function createContext() {
    if (isDebugging()) return new Context();
}

function peekContext() {
    var lastIndex = contextStack.length - 1;
    if (lastIndex >= 0) {
        return contextStack[lastIndex];
    }
    return undefined;
}

Promise.prototype._peekContext = peekContext;
Promise.prototype._pushContext = Context.prototype._pushContext;
Promise.prototype._popContext = Context.prototype._popContext;

return createContext;
};

},{}],49:[function(require,module,exports){
(function (process){
"use strict";
module.exports = function(Promise, CapturedTrace) {
var async = require("./async.js");
var Warning = require("./errors.js").Warning;
var util = require("./util.js");
var canAttachTrace = util.canAttachTrace;
var unhandledRejectionHandled;
var possiblyUnhandledRejection;
var debugging = false || (util.isNode &&
                    (!!process.env["BLUEBIRD_DEBUG"] ||
                     process.env["NODE_ENV"] === "development"));

Promise.prototype._ensurePossibleRejectionHandled = function () {
    this._setRejectionIsUnhandled();
    async.invokeLater(this._notifyUnhandledRejection, this, undefined);
};

Promise.prototype._notifyUnhandledRejectionIsHandled = function () {
    CapturedTrace.fireRejectionEvent("rejectionHandled",
                                  unhandledRejectionHandled, undefined, this);
};

Promise.prototype._notifyUnhandledRejection = function () {
    if (this._isRejectionUnhandled()) {
        var reason = this._getCarriedStackTrace() || this._settledValue;
        this._setUnhandledRejectionIsNotified();
        CapturedTrace.fireRejectionEvent("unhandledRejection",
                                      possiblyUnhandledRejection, reason, this);
    }
};

Promise.prototype._setUnhandledRejectionIsNotified = function () {
    this._bitField = this._bitField | 524288;
};

Promise.prototype._unsetUnhandledRejectionIsNotified = function () {
    this._bitField = this._bitField & (~524288);
};

Promise.prototype._isUnhandledRejectionNotified = function () {
    return (this._bitField & 524288) > 0;
};

Promise.prototype._setRejectionIsUnhandled = function () {
    this._bitField = this._bitField | 2097152;
};

Promise.prototype._unsetRejectionIsUnhandled = function () {
    this._bitField = this._bitField & (~2097152);
    if (this._isUnhandledRejectionNotified()) {
        this._unsetUnhandledRejectionIsNotified();
        this._notifyUnhandledRejectionIsHandled();
    }
};

Promise.prototype._isRejectionUnhandled = function () {
    return (this._bitField & 2097152) > 0;
};

Promise.prototype._setCarriedStackTrace = function (capturedTrace) {
    this._bitField = this._bitField | 1048576;
    this._fulfillmentHandler0 = capturedTrace;
};

Promise.prototype._isCarryingStackTrace = function () {
    return (this._bitField & 1048576) > 0;
};

Promise.prototype._getCarriedStackTrace = function () {
    return this._isCarryingStackTrace()
        ? this._fulfillmentHandler0
        : undefined;
};

Promise.prototype._captureStackTrace = function () {
    if (debugging) {
        this._trace = new CapturedTrace(this._peekContext());
    }
    return this;
};

Promise.prototype._attachExtraTrace = function (error, ignoreSelf) {
    if (debugging && canAttachTrace(error)) {
        var trace = this._trace;
        if (trace !== undefined) {
            if (ignoreSelf) trace = trace._parent;
        }
        if (trace !== undefined) {
            trace.attachExtraTrace(error);
        } else if (!error.__stackCleaned__) {
            var parsed = CapturedTrace.parseStackAndMessage(error);
            error.stack = parsed.message + "\n" + parsed.stack.join("\n");
            util.notEnumerableProp(error, "__stackCleaned__", true);
        }
    }
};

Promise.prototype._warn = function(message) {
    var warning = new Warning(message);
    var ctx = this._peekContext();
    if (ctx) {
        ctx.attachExtraTrace(warning);
    } else {
        var parsed = CapturedTrace.parseStackAndMessage(warning);
        warning.stack = parsed.message + "\n" + parsed.stack.join("\n");
    }
    CapturedTrace.formatAndLogError(warning, "");
};

Promise.onPossiblyUnhandledRejection = function (fn) {
    possiblyUnhandledRejection = typeof fn === "function" ? fn : undefined;
};

Promise.onUnhandledRejectionHandled = function (fn) {
    unhandledRejectionHandled = typeof fn === "function" ? fn : undefined;
};

Promise.longStackTraces = function () {
    if (async.haveItemsQueued() &&
        debugging === false
   ) {
        throw new Error("cannot enable long stack traces after promises have been created\u000a\u000a    See http://goo.gl/DT1qyG\u000a");
    }
    debugging = CapturedTrace.isSupported();
};

Promise.hasLongStackTraces = function () {
    return debugging && CapturedTrace.isSupported();
};

if (!CapturedTrace.isSupported()) {
    Promise.longStackTraces = function(){};
    debugging = false;
}

return function() {
    return debugging;
};
};

}).call(this,require('_process'))
},{"./async.js":42,"./errors.js":52,"./util.js":77,"_process":84}],50:[function(require,module,exports){
"use strict";
var util = require("./util.js");
var isPrimitive = util.isPrimitive;
var wrapsPrimitiveReceiver = util.wrapsPrimitiveReceiver;

module.exports = function(Promise) {
var returner = function () {
    return this;
};
var thrower = function () {
    throw this;
};

var wrapper = function (value, action) {
    if (action === 1) {
        return function () {
            throw value;
        };
    } else if (action === 2) {
        return function () {
            return value;
        };
    }
};


Promise.prototype["return"] =
Promise.prototype.thenReturn = function (value) {
    if (wrapsPrimitiveReceiver && isPrimitive(value)) {
        return this._then(
            wrapper(value, 2),
            undefined,
            undefined,
            undefined,
            undefined
       );
    }
    return this._then(returner, undefined, undefined, value, undefined);
};

Promise.prototype["throw"] =
Promise.prototype.thenThrow = function (reason) {
    if (wrapsPrimitiveReceiver && isPrimitive(reason)) {
        return this._then(
            wrapper(reason, 1),
            undefined,
            undefined,
            undefined,
            undefined
       );
    }
    return this._then(thrower, undefined, undefined, reason, undefined);
};
};

},{"./util.js":77}],51:[function(require,module,exports){
"use strict";
module.exports = function(Promise, INTERNAL) {
var PromiseReduce = Promise.reduce;

Promise.prototype.each = function (fn) {
    return PromiseReduce(this, fn, null, INTERNAL);
};

Promise.each = function (promises, fn) {
    return PromiseReduce(promises, fn, null, INTERNAL);
};
};

},{}],52:[function(require,module,exports){
"use strict";
var es5 = require("./es5.js");
var Objectfreeze = es5.freeze;
var util = require("./util.js");
var inherits = util.inherits;
var notEnumerableProp = util.notEnumerableProp;

function subError(nameProperty, defaultMessage) {
    function SubError(message) {
        if (!(this instanceof SubError)) return new SubError(message);
        notEnumerableProp(this, "message",
            typeof message === "string" ? message : defaultMessage);
        notEnumerableProp(this, "name", nameProperty);
        if (Error.captureStackTrace) {
            Error.captureStackTrace(this, this.constructor);
        } else {
            Error.call(this);
        }
    }
    inherits(SubError, Error);
    return SubError;
}

var _TypeError, _RangeError;
var Warning = subError("Warning", "warning");
var CancellationError = subError("CancellationError", "cancellation error");
var TimeoutError = subError("TimeoutError", "timeout error");
var AggregateError = subError("AggregateError", "aggregate error");
try {
    _TypeError = TypeError;
    _RangeError = RangeError;
} catch(e) {
    _TypeError = subError("TypeError", "type error");
    _RangeError = subError("RangeError", "range error");
}

var methods = ("join pop push shift unshift slice filter forEach some " +
    "every map indexOf lastIndexOf reduce reduceRight sort reverse").split(" ");

for (var i = 0; i < methods.length; ++i) {
    if (typeof Array.prototype[methods[i]] === "function") {
        AggregateError.prototype[methods[i]] = Array.prototype[methods[i]];
    }
}

es5.defineProperty(AggregateError.prototype, "length", {
    value: 0,
    configurable: false,
    writable: true,
    enumerable: true
});
AggregateError.prototype["isOperational"] = true;
var level = 0;
AggregateError.prototype.toString = function() {
    var indent = Array(level * 4 + 1).join(" ");
    var ret = "\n" + indent + "AggregateError of:" + "\n";
    level++;
    indent = Array(level * 4 + 1).join(" ");
    for (var i = 0; i < this.length; ++i) {
        var str = this[i] === this ? "[Circular AggregateError]" : this[i] + "";
        var lines = str.split("\n");
        for (var j = 0; j < lines.length; ++j) {
            lines[j] = indent + lines[j];
        }
        str = lines.join("\n");
        ret += str + "\n";
    }
    level--;
    return ret;
};

function OperationalError(message) {
    if (!(this instanceof OperationalError))
        return new OperationalError(message);
    notEnumerableProp(this, "name", "OperationalError");
    notEnumerableProp(this, "message", message);
    this.cause = message;
    this["isOperational"] = true;

    if (message instanceof Error) {
        notEnumerableProp(this, "message", message.message);
        notEnumerableProp(this, "stack", message.stack);
    } else if (Error.captureStackTrace) {
        Error.captureStackTrace(this, this.constructor);
    }

}
inherits(OperationalError, Error);

var errorTypes = Error["__BluebirdErrorTypes__"];
if (!errorTypes) {
    errorTypes = Objectfreeze({
        CancellationError: CancellationError,
        TimeoutError: TimeoutError,
        OperationalError: OperationalError,
        RejectionError: OperationalError,
        AggregateError: AggregateError
    });
    notEnumerableProp(Error, "__BluebirdErrorTypes__", errorTypes);
}

module.exports = {
    Error: Error,
    TypeError: _TypeError,
    RangeError: _RangeError,
    CancellationError: errorTypes.CancellationError,
    OperationalError: errorTypes.OperationalError,
    TimeoutError: errorTypes.TimeoutError,
    AggregateError: errorTypes.AggregateError,
    Warning: Warning
};

},{"./es5.js":53,"./util.js":77}],53:[function(require,module,exports){
var isES5 = (function(){
    "use strict";
    return this === undefined;
})();

if (isES5) {
    module.exports = {
        freeze: Object.freeze,
        defineProperty: Object.defineProperty,
        getDescriptor: Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor,
        keys: Object.keys,
        names: Object.getOwnPropertyNames,
        getPrototypeOf: Object.getPrototypeOf,
        isArray: Array.isArray,
        isES5: isES5,
        propertyIsWritable: function(obj, prop) {
            var descriptor = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(obj, prop);
            return !!(!descriptor || descriptor.writable || descriptor.set);
        }
    };
} else {
    var has = {}.hasOwnProperty;
    var str = {}.toString;
    var proto = {}.constructor.prototype;

    var ObjectKeys = function (o) {
        var ret = [];
        for (var key in o) {
            if (has.call(o, key)) {
                ret.push(key);
            }
        }
        return ret;
    };

    var ObjectGetDescriptor = function(o, key) {
        return {value: o[key]};
    };

    var ObjectDefineProperty = function (o, key, desc) {
        o[key] = desc.value;
        return o;
    };

    var ObjectFreeze = function (obj) {
        return obj;
    };

    var ObjectGetPrototypeOf = function (obj) {
        try {
            return Object(obj).constructor.prototype;
        }
        catch (e) {
            return proto;
        }
    };

    var ArrayIsArray = function (obj) {
        try {
            return str.call(obj) === "[object Array]";
        }
        catch(e) {
            return false;
        }
    };

    module.exports = {
        isArray: ArrayIsArray,
        keys: ObjectKeys,
        names: ObjectKeys,
        defineProperty: ObjectDefineProperty,
        getDescriptor: ObjectGetDescriptor,
        freeze: ObjectFreeze,
        getPrototypeOf: ObjectGetPrototypeOf,
        isES5: isES5,
        propertyIsWritable: function() {
            return true;
        }
    };
}

},{}],54:[function(require,module,exports){
"use strict";
module.exports = function(Promise, INTERNAL) {
var PromiseMap = Promise.map;

Promise.prototype.filter = function (fn, options) {
    return PromiseMap(this, fn, options, INTERNAL);
};

Promise.filter = function (promises, fn, options) {
    return PromiseMap(promises, fn, options, INTERNAL);
};
};

},{}],55:[function(require,module,exports){
"use strict";
module.exports = function(Promise, NEXT_FILTER, tryConvertToPromise) {
var util = require("./util.js");
var wrapsPrimitiveReceiver = util.wrapsPrimitiveReceiver;
var isPrimitive = util.isPrimitive;
var thrower = util.thrower;

function returnThis() {
    return this;
}
function throwThis() {
    throw this;
}
function return$(r) {
    return function() {
        return r;
    };
}
function throw$(r) {
    return function() {
        throw r;
    };
}
function promisedFinally(ret, reasonOrValue, isFulfilled) {
    var then;
    if (wrapsPrimitiveReceiver && isPrimitive(reasonOrValue)) {
        then = isFulfilled ? return$(reasonOrValue) : throw$(reasonOrValue);
    } else {
        then = isFulfilled ? returnThis : throwThis;
    }
    return ret._then(then, thrower, undefined, reasonOrValue, undefined);
}

function finallyHandler(reasonOrValue) {
    var promise = this.promise;
    var handler = this.handler;

    var ret = promise._isBound()
                    ? handler.call(promise._boundTo)
                    : handler();

    if (ret !== undefined) {
        var maybePromise = tryConvertToPromise(ret, promise);
        if (maybePromise instanceof Promise) {
            maybePromise = maybePromise._target();
            return promisedFinally(maybePromise, reasonOrValue,
                                    promise.isFulfilled());
        }
    }

    if (promise.isRejected()) {
        NEXT_FILTER.e = reasonOrValue;
        return NEXT_FILTER;
    } else {
        return reasonOrValue;
    }
}

function tapHandler(value) {
    var promise = this.promise;
    var handler = this.handler;

    var ret = promise._isBound()
                    ? handler.call(promise._boundTo, value)
                    : handler(value);

    if (ret !== undefined) {
        var maybePromise = tryConvertToPromise(ret, promise);
        if (maybePromise instanceof Promise) {
            maybePromise = maybePromise._target();
            return promisedFinally(maybePromise, value, true);
        }
    }
    return value;
}

Promise.prototype._passThroughHandler = function (handler, isFinally) {
    if (typeof handler !== "function") return this.then();

    var promiseAndHandler = {
        promise: this,
        handler: handler
    };

    return this._then(
            isFinally ? finallyHandler : tapHandler,
            isFinally ? finallyHandler : undefined, undefined,
            promiseAndHandler, undefined);
};

Promise.prototype.lastly =
Promise.prototype["finally"] = function (handler) {
    return this._passThroughHandler(handler, true);
};

Promise.prototype.tap = function (handler) {
    return this._passThroughHandler(handler, false);
};
};

},{"./util.js":77}],56:[function(require,module,exports){
"use strict";
module.exports = function(Promise,
                          apiRejection,
                          INTERNAL,
                          tryConvertToPromise) {
var errors = require("./errors.js");
var TypeError = errors.TypeError;
var util = require("./util.js");
var errorObj = util.errorObj;
var tryCatch = util.tryCatch;
var yieldHandlers = [];

function promiseFromYieldHandler(value, yieldHandlers, traceParent) {
    for (var i = 0; i < yieldHandlers.length; ++i) {
        traceParent._pushContext();
        var result = tryCatch(yieldHandlers[i])(value);
        traceParent._popContext();
        if (result === errorObj) {
            traceParent._pushContext();
            var ret = Promise.reject(errorObj.e);
            traceParent._popContext();
            return ret;
        }
        var maybePromise = tryConvertToPromise(result, traceParent);
        if (maybePromise instanceof Promise) return maybePromise;
    }
    return null;
}

function PromiseSpawn(generatorFunction, receiver, yieldHandler, stack) {
    var promise = this._promise = new Promise(INTERNAL);
    promise._captureStackTrace();
    this._stack = stack;
    this._generatorFunction = generatorFunction;
    this._receiver = receiver;
    this._generator = undefined;
    this._yieldHandlers = typeof yieldHandler === "function"
        ? [yieldHandler].concat(yieldHandlers)
        : yieldHandlers;
}

PromiseSpawn.prototype.promise = function () {
    return this._promise;
};

PromiseSpawn.prototype._run = function () {
    this._generator = this._generatorFunction.call(this._receiver);
    this._receiver =
        this._generatorFunction = undefined;
    this._next(undefined);
};

PromiseSpawn.prototype._continue = function (result) {
    if (result === errorObj) {
        return this._promise._rejectCallback(result.e, false, true);
    }

    var value = result.value;
    if (result.done === true) {
        this._promise._resolveCallback(value);
    } else {
        var maybePromise = tryConvertToPromise(value, this._promise);
        if (!(maybePromise instanceof Promise)) {
            maybePromise =
                promiseFromYieldHandler(maybePromise,
                                        this._yieldHandlers,
                                        this._promise);
            if (maybePromise === null) {
                this._throw(
                    new TypeError(
                        "A value %s was yielded that could not be treated as a promise\u000a\u000a    See http://goo.gl/4Y4pDk\u000a\u000a".replace("%s", value) +
                        "From coroutine:\u000a" +
                        this._stack.split("\n").slice(1, -7).join("\n")
                    )
                );
                return;
            }
        }
        maybePromise._then(
            this._next,
            this._throw,
            undefined,
            this,
            null
       );
    }
};

PromiseSpawn.prototype._throw = function (reason) {
    this._promise._attachExtraTrace(reason);
    this._promise._pushContext();
    var result = tryCatch(this._generator["throw"])
        .call(this._generator, reason);
    this._promise._popContext();
    this._continue(result);
};

PromiseSpawn.prototype._next = function (value) {
    this._promise._pushContext();
    var result = tryCatch(this._generator.next).call(this._generator, value);
    this._promise._popContext();
    this._continue(result);
};

Promise.coroutine = function (generatorFunction, options) {
    if (typeof generatorFunction !== "function") {
        throw new TypeError("generatorFunction must be a function\u000a\u000a    See http://goo.gl/6Vqhm0\u000a");
    }
    var yieldHandler = Object(options).yieldHandler;
    var PromiseSpawn$ = PromiseSpawn;
    var stack = new Error().stack;
    return function () {
        var generator = generatorFunction.apply(this, arguments);
        var spawn = new PromiseSpawn$(undefined, undefined, yieldHandler,
                                      stack);
        spawn._generator = generator;
        spawn._next(undefined);
        return spawn.promise();
    };
};

Promise.coroutine.addYieldHandler = function(fn) {
    if (typeof fn !== "function") throw new TypeError("fn must be a function\u000a\u000a    See http://goo.gl/916lJJ\u000a");
    yieldHandlers.push(fn);
};

Promise.spawn = function (generatorFunction) {
    if (typeof generatorFunction !== "function") {
        return apiRejection("generatorFunction must be a function\u000a\u000a    See http://goo.gl/6Vqhm0\u000a");
    }
    var spawn = new PromiseSpawn(generatorFunction, this);
    var ret = spawn.promise();
    spawn._run(Promise.spawn);
    return ret;
};
};

},{"./errors.js":52,"./util.js":77}],57:[function(require,module,exports){
"use strict";
module.exports =
function(Promise, PromiseArray, tryConvertToPromise, INTERNAL) {
var util = require("./util.js");
var canEvaluate = util.canEvaluate;
var tryCatch = util.tryCatch;
var errorObj = util.errorObj;
var reject;

if (!false) {
if (canEvaluate) {
    var thenCallback = function(i) {
        return new Function("value", "holder", "                             \n\
            'use strict';                                                    \n\
            holder.pIndex = value;                                           \n\
            holder.checkFulfillment(this);                                   \n\
            ".replace(/Index/g, i));
    };

    var caller = function(count) {
        var values = [];
        for (var i = 1; i <= count; ++i) values.push("holder.p" + i);
        return new Function("holder", "                                      \n\
            'use strict';                                                    \n\
            var callback = holder.fn;                                        \n\
            return callback(values);                                         \n\
            ".replace(/values/g, values.join(", ")));
    };
    var thenCallbacks = [];
    var callers = [undefined];
    for (var i = 1; i <= 5; ++i) {
        thenCallbacks.push(thenCallback(i));
        callers.push(caller(i));
    }

    var Holder = function(total, fn) {
        this.p1 = this.p2 = this.p3 = this.p4 = this.p5 = null;
        this.fn = fn;
        this.total = total;
        this.now = 0;
    };

    Holder.prototype.callers = callers;
    Holder.prototype.checkFulfillment = function(promise) {
        var now = this.now;
        now++;
        var total = this.total;
        if (now >= total) {
            var handler = this.callers[total];
            promise._pushContext();
            var ret = tryCatch(handler)(this);
            promise._popContext();
            if (ret === errorObj) {
                promise._rejectCallback(ret.e, false, true);
            } else {
                promise._resolveCallback(ret);
            }
        } else {
            this.now = now;
        }
    };

    var reject = function (reason) {
        this._reject(reason);
    };
}
}

Promise.join = function () {
    var last = arguments.length - 1;
    var fn;
    if (last > 0 && typeof arguments[last] === "function") {
        fn = arguments[last];
        if (!false) {
            if (last < 6 && canEvaluate) {
                var ret = new Promise(INTERNAL);
                ret._captureStackTrace();
                var holder = new Holder(last, fn);
                var callbacks = thenCallbacks;
                for (var i = 0; i < last; ++i) {
                    var maybePromise = tryConvertToPromise(arguments[i], ret);
                    if (maybePromise instanceof Promise) {
                        maybePromise = maybePromise._target();
                        if (maybePromise._isPending()) {
                            maybePromise._then(callbacks[i], reject,
                                               undefined, ret, holder);
                        } else if (maybePromise._isFulfilled()) {
                            callbacks[i].call(ret,
                                              maybePromise._value(), holder);
                        } else {
                            ret._reject(maybePromise._reason());
                        }
                    } else {
                        callbacks[i].call(ret, maybePromise, holder);
                    }
                }
                return ret;
            }
        }
    }
    var $_len = arguments.length;var args = new Array($_len); for(var $_i = 0; $_i < $_len; ++$_i) {args[$_i] = arguments[$_i];}
    if (fn) args.pop();
    var ret = new PromiseArray(args).promise();
    return fn !== undefined ? ret.spread(fn) : ret;
};

};

},{"./util.js":77}],58:[function(require,module,exports){
"use strict";
module.exports = function(Promise,
                          PromiseArray,
                          apiRejection,
                          tryConvertToPromise,
                          INTERNAL) {
var util = require("./util.js");
var tryCatch = util.tryCatch;
var errorObj = util.errorObj;
var PENDING = {};
var EMPTY_ARRAY = [];

function MappingPromiseArray(promises, fn, limit, _filter) {
    this.constructor$(promises);
    this._promise._captureStackTrace();
    this._callback = fn;
    this._preservedValues = _filter === INTERNAL
        ? new Array(this.length())
        : null;
    this._limit = limit;
    this._inFlight = 0;
    this._queue = limit >= 1 ? [] : EMPTY_ARRAY;
    this._init$(undefined, -2);
}
util.inherits(MappingPromiseArray, PromiseArray);

MappingPromiseArray.prototype._init = function () {};

MappingPromiseArray.prototype._promiseFulfilled = function (value, index) {
    var values = this._values;
    var length = this.length();
    var preservedValues = this._preservedValues;
    var limit = this._limit;
    if (values[index] === PENDING) {
        values[index] = value;
        if (limit >= 1) {
            this._inFlight--;
            this._drainQueue();
            if (this._isResolved()) return;
        }
    } else {
        if (limit >= 1 && this._inFlight >= limit) {
            values[index] = value;
            this._queue.push(index);
            return;
        }
        if (preservedValues !== null) preservedValues[index] = value;

        var callback = this._callback;
        var receiver = this._promise._boundTo;
        this._promise._pushContext();
        var ret = tryCatch(callback).call(receiver, value, index, length);
        this._promise._popContext();
        if (ret === errorObj) return this._reject(ret.e);

        var maybePromise = tryConvertToPromise(ret, this._promise);
        if (maybePromise instanceof Promise) {
            maybePromise = maybePromise._target();
            if (maybePromise._isPending()) {
                if (limit >= 1) this._inFlight++;
                values[index] = PENDING;
                return maybePromise._proxyPromiseArray(this, index);
            } else if (maybePromise._isFulfilled()) {
                ret = maybePromise._value();
            } else {
                return this._reject(maybePromise._reason());
            }
        }
        values[index] = ret;
    }
    var totalResolved = ++this._totalResolved;
    if (totalResolved >= length) {
        if (preservedValues !== null) {
            this._filter(values, preservedValues);
        } else {
            this._resolve(values);
        }

    }
};

MappingPromiseArray.prototype._drainQueue = function () {
    var queue = this._queue;
    var limit = this._limit;
    var values = this._values;
    while (queue.length > 0 && this._inFlight < limit) {
        if (this._isResolved()) return;
        var index = queue.pop();
        this._promiseFulfilled(values[index], index);
    }
};

MappingPromiseArray.prototype._filter = function (booleans, values) {
    var len = values.length;
    var ret = new Array(len);
    var j = 0;
    for (var i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
        if (booleans[i]) ret[j++] = values[i];
    }
    ret.length = j;
    this._resolve(ret);
};

MappingPromiseArray.prototype.preservedValues = function () {
    return this._preservedValues;
};

function map(promises, fn, options, _filter) {
    var limit = typeof options === "object" && options !== null
        ? options.concurrency
        : 0;
    limit = typeof limit === "number" &&
        isFinite(limit) && limit >= 1 ? limit : 0;
    return new MappingPromiseArray(promises, fn, limit, _filter);
}

Promise.prototype.map = function (fn, options) {
    if (typeof fn !== "function") return apiRejection("fn must be a function\u000a\u000a    See http://goo.gl/916lJJ\u000a");

    return map(this, fn, options, null).promise();
};

Promise.map = function (promises, fn, options, _filter) {
    if (typeof fn !== "function") return apiRejection("fn must be a function\u000a\u000a    See http://goo.gl/916lJJ\u000a");
    return map(promises, fn, options, _filter).promise();
};


};

},{"./util.js":77}],59:[function(require,module,exports){
"use strict";
module.exports =
function(Promise, INTERNAL, tryConvertToPromise, apiRejection) {
var util = require("./util.js");
var tryCatch = util.tryCatch;

Promise.method = function (fn) {
    if (typeof fn !== "function") {
        throw new Promise.TypeError("fn must be a function\u000a\u000a    See http://goo.gl/916lJJ\u000a");
    }
    return function () {
        var ret = new Promise(INTERNAL);
        ret._captureStackTrace();
        ret._pushContext();
        var value = tryCatch(fn).apply(this, arguments);
        ret._popContext();
        ret._resolveFromSyncValue(value);
        return ret;
    };
};

Promise.attempt = Promise["try"] = function (fn, args, ctx) {
    if (typeof fn !== "function") {
        return apiRejection("fn must be a function\u000a\u000a    See http://goo.gl/916lJJ\u000a");
    }
    var ret = new Promise(INTERNAL);
    ret._captureStackTrace();
    ret._pushContext();
    var value = util.isArray(args)
        ? tryCatch(fn).apply(ctx, args)
        : tryCatch(fn).call(ctx, args);
    ret._popContext();
    ret._resolveFromSyncValue(value);
    return ret;
};

Promise.prototype._resolveFromSyncValue = function (value) {
    if (value === util.errorObj) {
        this._rejectCallback(value.e, false, true);
    } else {
        this._resolveCallback(value, true);
    }
};
};

},{"./util.js":77}],60:[function(require,module,exports){
"use strict";
module.exports = function(Promise) {
var util = require("./util.js");
var async = require("./async.js");
var tryCatch = util.tryCatch;
var errorObj = util.errorObj;

function spreadAdapter(val, nodeback) {
    var promise = this;
    if (!util.isArray(val)) return successAdapter.call(promise, val, nodeback);
    var ret = tryCatch(nodeback).apply(promise._boundTo, [null].concat(val));
    if (ret === errorObj) {
        async.throwLater(ret.e);
    }
}

function successAdapter(val, nodeback) {
    var promise = this;
    var receiver = promise._boundTo;
    var ret = val === undefined
        ? tryCatch(nodeback).call(receiver, null)
        : tryCatch(nodeback).call(receiver, null, val);
    if (ret === errorObj) {
        async.throwLater(ret.e);
    }
}
function errorAdapter(reason, nodeback) {
    var promise = this;
    if (!reason) {
        var target = promise._target();
        var newReason = target._getCarriedStackTrace();
        newReason.cause = reason;
        reason = newReason;
    }
    var ret = tryCatch(nodeback).call(promise._boundTo, reason);
    if (ret === errorObj) {
        async.throwLater(ret.e);
    }
}

Promise.prototype.nodeify = function (nodeback, options) {
    if (typeof nodeback == "function") {
        var adapter = successAdapter;
        if (options !== undefined && Object(options).spread) {
            adapter = spreadAdapter;
        }
        this._then(
            adapter,
            errorAdapter,
            undefined,
            this,
            nodeback
        );
    }
    return this;
};
};

},{"./async.js":42,"./util.js":77}],61:[function(require,module,exports){
"use strict";
module.exports = function(Promise, PromiseArray) {
var util = require("./util.js");
var async = require("./async.js");
var tryCatch = util.tryCatch;
var errorObj = util.errorObj;

Promise.prototype.progressed = function (handler) {
    return this._then(undefined, undefined, handler, undefined, undefined);
};

Promise.prototype._progress = function (progressValue) {
    if (this._isFollowingOrFulfilledOrRejected()) return;
    this._target()._progressUnchecked(progressValue);

};

Promise.prototype._progressHandlerAt = function (index) {
    return index === 0
        ? this._progressHandler0
        : this[(index << 2) + index - 5 + 2];
};

Promise.prototype._doProgressWith = function (progression) {
    var progressValue = progression.value;
    var handler = progression.handler;
    var promise = progression.promise;
    var receiver = progression.receiver;

    var ret = tryCatch(handler).call(receiver, progressValue);
    if (ret === errorObj) {
        if (ret.e != null &&
            ret.e.name !== "StopProgressPropagation") {
            var trace = util.canAttachTrace(ret.e)
                ? ret.e : new Error(util.toString(ret.e));
            promise._attachExtraTrace(trace);
            promise._progress(ret.e);
        }
    } else if (ret instanceof Promise) {
        ret._then(promise._progress, null, null, promise, undefined);
    } else {
        promise._progress(ret);
    }
};


Promise.prototype._progressUnchecked = function (progressValue) {
    var len = this._length();
    var progress = this._progress;
    for (var i = 0; i < len; i++) {
        var handler = this._progressHandlerAt(i);
        var promise = this._promiseAt(i);
        if (!(promise instanceof Promise)) {
            var receiver = this._receiverAt(i);
            if (typeof handler === "function") {
                handler.call(receiver, progressValue, promise);
            } else if (receiver instanceof PromiseArray &&
                       !receiver._isResolved()) {
                receiver._promiseProgressed(progressValue, promise);
            }
            continue;
        }

        if (typeof handler === "function") {
            async.invoke(this._doProgressWith, this, {
                handler: handler,
                promise: promise,
                receiver: this._receiverAt(i),
                value: progressValue
            });
        } else {
            async.invoke(progress, promise, progressValue);
        }
    }
};
};

},{"./async.js":42,"./util.js":77}],62:[function(require,module,exports){
"use strict";
module.exports = function() {
var makeSelfResolutionError = function () {
    return new TypeError("circular promise resolution chain\u000a\u000a    See http://goo.gl/LhFpo0\u000a");
};
var reflect = function() {
    return new Promise.PromiseInspection(this._target());
};
var apiRejection = function(msg) {
    return Promise.reject(new TypeError(msg));
};
var util = require("./util.js");
var async = require("./async.js");
var errors = require("./errors.js");
var TypeError = Promise.TypeError = errors.TypeError;
Promise.RangeError = errors.RangeError;
Promise.CancellationError = errors.CancellationError;
Promise.TimeoutError = errors.TimeoutError;
Promise.OperationalError = errors.OperationalError;
Promise.RejectionError = errors.OperationalError;
Promise.AggregateError = errors.AggregateError;
var INTERNAL = function(){};
var APPLY = {};
var NEXT_FILTER = {e: null};
var tryConvertToPromise = require("./thenables.js")(Promise, INTERNAL);
var PromiseArray =
    require("./promise_array.js")(Promise, INTERNAL,
                                    tryConvertToPromise, apiRejection);
var CapturedTrace = require("./captured_trace.js")();
var isDebugging = require("./debuggability.js")(Promise, CapturedTrace);
 /*jshint unused:false*/
var createContext =
    require("./context.js")(Promise, CapturedTrace, isDebugging);
var CatchFilter = require("./catch_filter.js")(NEXT_FILTER);
var PromiseResolver = require("./promise_resolver.js");
var nodebackForPromise = PromiseResolver._nodebackForPromise;
var errorObj = util.errorObj;
var tryCatch = util.tryCatch;
function Promise(resolver) {
    if (typeof resolver !== "function") {
        throw new TypeError("the promise constructor requires a resolver function\u000a\u000a    See http://goo.gl/EC22Yn\u000a");
    }
    if (this.constructor !== Promise) {
        throw new TypeError("the promise constructor cannot be invoked directly\u000a\u000a    See http://goo.gl/KsIlge\u000a");
    }
    this._bitField = 0;
    this._fulfillmentHandler0 = undefined;
    this._rejectionHandler0 = undefined;
    this._progressHandler0 = undefined;
    this._promise0 = undefined;
    this._receiver0 = undefined;
    this._settledValue = undefined;
    if (resolver !== INTERNAL) this._resolveFromResolver(resolver);
}

Promise.prototype.toString = function () {
    return "[object Promise]";
};

Promise.prototype.caught = Promise.prototype["catch"] = function (fn) {
    var len = arguments.length;
    if (len > 1) {
        var catchInstances = new Array(len - 1),
            j = 0, i;
        for (i = 0; i < len - 1; ++i) {
            var item = arguments[i];
            if (typeof item === "function") {
                catchInstances[j++] = item;
            } else {
                return Promise.reject(
                    new TypeError("Catch filter must inherit from Error or be a simple predicate function\u000a\u000a    See http://goo.gl/o84o68\u000a"));
            }
        }
        catchInstances.length = j;
        fn = arguments[i];
        var catchFilter = new CatchFilter(catchInstances, fn, this);
        return this._then(undefined, catchFilter.doFilter, undefined,
            catchFilter, undefined);
    }
    return this._then(undefined, fn, undefined, undefined, undefined);
};

Promise.prototype.reflect = function () {
    return this._then(reflect, reflect, undefined, this, undefined);
};

Promise.prototype.then = function (didFulfill, didReject, didProgress) {
    if (isDebugging() && arguments.length > 0 &&
        typeof didFulfill !== "function" &&
        typeof didReject !== "function") {
        var msg = ".then() only accepts functions but was passed: " +
                util.classString(didFulfill);
        if (arguments.length > 1) {
            msg += ", " + util.classString(didReject);
        }
        this._warn(msg);
    }
    return this._then(didFulfill, didReject, didProgress,
        undefined, undefined);
};

Promise.prototype.done = function (didFulfill, didReject, didProgress) {
    var promise = this._then(didFulfill, didReject, didProgress,
        undefined, undefined);
    promise._setIsFinal();
};

Promise.prototype.spread = function (didFulfill, didReject) {
    return this.all()._then(didFulfill, didReject, undefined, APPLY, undefined);
};

Promise.prototype.isCancellable = function () {
    return !this.isResolved() &&
        this._cancellable();
};

Promise.prototype.toJSON = function () {
    var ret = {
        isFulfilled: false,
        isRejected: false,
        fulfillmentValue: undefined,
        rejectionReason: undefined
    };
    if (this.isFulfilled()) {
        ret.fulfillmentValue = this.value();
        ret.isFulfilled = true;
    } else if (this.isRejected()) {
        ret.rejectionReason = this.reason();
        ret.isRejected = true;
    }
    return ret;
};

Promise.prototype.all = function () {
    return new PromiseArray(this).promise();
};

Promise.prototype.error = function (fn) {
    return this.caught(util.originatesFromRejection, fn);
};

Promise.is = function (val) {
    return val instanceof Promise;
};

Promise.fromNode = function(fn) {
    var ret = new Promise(INTERNAL);
    var result = tryCatch(fn)(nodebackForPromise(ret));
    if (result === errorObj) {
        ret._rejectCallback(result.e, true, true);
    }
    return ret;
};

Promise.all = function (promises) {
    return new PromiseArray(promises).promise();
};

Promise.defer = Promise.pending = function () {
    var promise = new Promise(INTERNAL);
    return new PromiseResolver(promise);
};

Promise.cast = function (obj) {
    var ret = tryConvertToPromise(obj);
    if (!(ret instanceof Promise)) {
        var val = ret;
        ret = new Promise(INTERNAL);
        ret._fulfillUnchecked(val);
    }
    return ret;
};

Promise.resolve = Promise.fulfilled = Promise.cast;

Promise.reject = Promise.rejected = function (reason) {
    var ret = new Promise(INTERNAL);
    ret._captureStackTrace();
    ret._rejectCallback(reason, true);
    return ret;
};

Promise.setScheduler = function(fn) {
    if (typeof fn !== "function") throw new TypeError("fn must be a function\u000a\u000a    See http://goo.gl/916lJJ\u000a");
    var prev = async._schedule;
    async._schedule = fn;
    return prev;
};

Promise.prototype._then = function (
    didFulfill,
    didReject,
    didProgress,
    receiver,
    internalData
) {
    var haveInternalData = internalData !== undefined;
    var ret = haveInternalData ? internalData : new Promise(INTERNAL);

    if (!haveInternalData) {
        ret._propagateFrom(this, 4 | 1);
        ret._captureStackTrace();
    }

    var target = this._target();
    if (target !== this) {
        if (receiver === undefined) receiver = this._boundTo;
        if (!haveInternalData) ret._setIsMigrated();
    }

    var callbackIndex =
        target._addCallbacks(didFulfill, didReject, didProgress, ret, receiver);

    if (target._isResolved() && !target._isSettlePromisesQueued()) {
        async.invoke(
            target._settlePromiseAtPostResolution, target, callbackIndex);
    }

    return ret;
};

Promise.prototype._settlePromiseAtPostResolution = function (index) {
    if (this._isRejectionUnhandled()) this._unsetRejectionIsUnhandled();
    this._settlePromiseAt(index);
};

Promise.prototype._length = function () {
    return this._bitField & 131071;
};

Promise.prototype._isFollowingOrFulfilledOrRejected = function () {
    return (this._bitField & 939524096) > 0;
};

Promise.prototype._isFollowing = function () {
    return (this._bitField & 536870912) === 536870912;
};

Promise.prototype._setLength = function (len) {
    this._bitField = (this._bitField & -131072) |
        (len & 131071);
};

Promise.prototype._setFulfilled = function () {
    this._bitField = this._bitField | 268435456;
};

Promise.prototype._setRejected = function () {
    this._bitField = this._bitField | 134217728;
};

Promise.prototype._setFollowing = function () {
    this._bitField = this._bitField | 536870912;
};

Promise.prototype._setIsFinal = function () {
    this._bitField = this._bitField | 33554432;
};

Promise.prototype._isFinal = function () {
    return (this._bitField & 33554432) > 0;
};

Promise.prototype._cancellable = function () {
    return (this._bitField & 67108864) > 0;
};

Promise.prototype._setCancellable = function () {
    this._bitField = this._bitField | 67108864;
};

Promise.prototype._unsetCancellable = function () {
    this._bitField = this._bitField & (~67108864);
};

Promise.prototype._setIsMigrated = function () {
    this._bitField = this._bitField | 4194304;
};

Promise.prototype._unsetIsMigrated = function () {
    this._bitField = this._bitField & (~4194304);
};

Promise.prototype._isMigrated = function () {
    return (this._bitField & 4194304) > 0;
};

Promise.prototype._receiverAt = function (index) {
    var ret = index === 0
        ? this._receiver0
        : this[
            index * 5 - 5 + 4];
    if (ret === undefined && this._isBound()) {
        return this._boundTo;
    }
    return ret;
};

Promise.prototype._promiseAt = function (index) {
    return index === 0
        ? this._promise0
        : this[index * 5 - 5 + 3];
};

Promise.prototype._fulfillmentHandlerAt = function (index) {
    return index === 0
        ? this._fulfillmentHandler0
        : this[index * 5 - 5 + 0];
};

Promise.prototype._rejectionHandlerAt = function (index) {
    return index === 0
        ? this._rejectionHandler0
        : this[index * 5 - 5 + 1];
};

Promise.prototype._migrateCallbacks = function (follower, index) {
    var fulfill = follower._fulfillmentHandlerAt(index);
    var reject = follower._rejectionHandlerAt(index);
    var progress = follower._progressHandlerAt(index);
    var promise = follower._promiseAt(index);
    var receiver = follower._receiverAt(index);
    if (promise instanceof Promise) promise._setIsMigrated();
    this._addCallbacks(fulfill, reject, progress, promise, receiver);
};

Promise.prototype._addCallbacks = function (
    fulfill,
    reject,
    progress,
    promise,
    receiver
) {
    var index = this._length();

    if (index >= 131071 - 5) {
        index = 0;
        this._setLength(0);
    }

    if (index === 0) {
        this._promise0 = promise;
        if (receiver !== undefined) this._receiver0 = receiver;
        if (typeof fulfill === "function" && !this._isCarryingStackTrace())
            this._fulfillmentHandler0 = fulfill;
        if (typeof reject === "function") this._rejectionHandler0 = reject;
        if (typeof progress === "function") this._progressHandler0 = progress;
    } else {
        var base = index * 5 - 5;
        this[base + 3] = promise;
        this[base + 4] = receiver;
        if (typeof fulfill === "function")
            this[base + 0] = fulfill;
        if (typeof reject === "function")
            this[base + 1] = reject;
        if (typeof progress === "function")
            this[base + 2] = progress;
    }
    this._setLength(index + 1);
    return index;
};

Promise.prototype._setProxyHandlers = function (receiver, promiseSlotValue) {
    var index = this._length();

    if (index >= 131071 - 5) {
        index = 0;
        this._setLength(0);
    }
    if (index === 0) {
        this._promise0 = promiseSlotValue;
        this._receiver0 = receiver;
    } else {
        var base = index * 5 - 5;
        this[base + 3] = promiseSlotValue;
        this[base + 4] = receiver;
    }
    this._setLength(index + 1);
};

Promise.prototype._proxyPromiseArray = function (promiseArray, index) {
    this._setProxyHandlers(promiseArray, index);
};

Promise.prototype._resolveCallback = function(value, shouldBind) {
    if (this._isFollowingOrFulfilledOrRejected()) return;
    if (value === this)
        return this._rejectCallback(makeSelfResolutionError(), false, true);
    var maybePromise = tryConvertToPromise(value, this);
    if (!(maybePromise instanceof Promise)) return this._fulfill(value);

    var propagationFlags = 1 | (shouldBind ? 4 : 0);
    this._propagateFrom(maybePromise, propagationFlags);
    var promise = maybePromise._target();
    if (promise._isPending()) {
        var len = this._length();
        for (var i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
            promise._migrateCallbacks(this, i);
        }
        this._setFollowing();
        this._setLength(0);
        this._setFollowee(promise);
    } else if (promise._isFulfilled()) {
        this._fulfillUnchecked(promise._value());
    } else {
        this._rejectUnchecked(promise._reason(),
            promise._getCarriedStackTrace());
    }
};

Promise.prototype._rejectCallback =
function(reason, synchronous, shouldNotMarkOriginatingFromRejection) {
    if (!shouldNotMarkOriginatingFromRejection) {
        util.markAsOriginatingFromRejection(reason);
    }
    var trace = util.ensureErrorObject(reason);
    var hasStack = trace === reason;
    this._attachExtraTrace(trace, synchronous ? hasStack : false);
    this._reject(reason, hasStack ? undefined : trace);
};

Promise.prototype._resolveFromResolver = function (resolver) {
    var promise = this;
    this._captureStackTrace();
    this._pushContext();
    var synchronous = true;
    var r = tryCatch(resolver)(function(value) {
        if (promise === null) return;
        promise._resolveCallback(value);
        promise = null;
    }, function (reason) {
        if (promise === null) return;
        promise._rejectCallback(reason, synchronous);
        promise = null;
    });
    synchronous = false;
    this._popContext();

    if (r !== undefined && r === errorObj && promise !== null) {
        promise._rejectCallback(r.e, true, true);
        promise = null;
    }
};

Promise.prototype._settlePromiseFromHandler = function (
    handler, receiver, value, promise
) {
    if (promise._isRejected()) return;
    promise._pushContext();
    var x;
    if (receiver === APPLY && !this._isRejected()) {
        x = tryCatch(handler).apply(this._boundTo, value);
    } else {
        x = tryCatch(handler).call(receiver, value);
    }
    promise._popContext();

    if (x === errorObj || x === promise || x === NEXT_FILTER) {
        var err = x === promise ? makeSelfResolutionError() : x.e;
        promise._rejectCallback(err, false, true);
    } else {
        promise._resolveCallback(x);
    }
};

Promise.prototype._target = function() {
    var ret = this;
    while (ret._isFollowing()) ret = ret._followee();
    return ret;
};

Promise.prototype._followee = function() {
    return this._rejectionHandler0;
};

Promise.prototype._setFollowee = function(promise) {
    this._rejectionHandler0 = promise;
};

Promise.prototype._cleanValues = function () {
    if (this._cancellable()) {
        this._cancellationParent = undefined;
    }
};

Promise.prototype._propagateFrom = function (parent, flags) {
    if ((flags & 1) > 0 && parent._cancellable()) {
        this._setCancellable();
        this._cancellationParent = parent;
    }
    if ((flags & 4) > 0 && parent._isBound()) {
        this._setBoundTo(parent._boundTo);
    }
};

Promise.prototype._fulfill = function (value) {
    if (this._isFollowingOrFulfilledOrRejected()) return;
    this._fulfillUnchecked(value);
};

Promise.prototype._reject = function (reason, carriedStackTrace) {
    if (this._isFollowingOrFulfilledOrRejected()) return;
    this._rejectUnchecked(reason, carriedStackTrace);
};

Promise.prototype._settlePromiseAt = function (index) {
    var promise = this._promiseAt(index);
    var isPromise = promise instanceof Promise;

    if (isPromise && promise._isMigrated()) {
        promise._unsetIsMigrated();
        return async.invoke(this._settlePromiseAt, this, index);
    }
    var handler = this._isFulfilled()
        ? this._fulfillmentHandlerAt(index)
        : this._rejectionHandlerAt(index);

    var carriedStackTrace =
        this._isCarryingStackTrace() ? this._getCarriedStackTrace() : undefined;
    var value = this._settledValue;
    var receiver = this._receiverAt(index);


    this._clearCallbackDataAtIndex(index);

    if (typeof handler === "function") {
        if (!isPromise) {
            handler.call(receiver, value, promise);
        } else {
            this._settlePromiseFromHandler(handler, receiver, value, promise);
        }
    } else if (receiver instanceof PromiseArray) {
        if (!receiver._isResolved()) {
            if (this._isFulfilled()) {
                receiver._promiseFulfilled(value, promise);
            }
            else {
                receiver._promiseRejected(value, promise);
            }
        }
    } else if (isPromise) {
        if (this._isFulfilled()) {
            promise._fulfill(value);
        } else {
            promise._reject(value, carriedStackTrace);
        }
    }

    if (index >= 4 && (index & 31) === 4)
        async.invokeLater(this._setLength, this, 0);
};

Promise.prototype._clearCallbackDataAtIndex = function(index) {
    if (index === 0) {
        if (!this._isCarryingStackTrace()) {
            this._fulfillmentHandler0 = undefined;
        }
        this._rejectionHandler0 =
        this._progressHandler0 =
        this._receiver0 =
        this._promise0 = undefined;
    } else {
        var base = index * 5 - 5;
        this[base + 3] =
        this[base + 4] =
        this[base + 0] =
        this[base + 1] =
        this[base + 2] = undefined;
    }
};

Promise.prototype._isSettlePromisesQueued = function () {
    return (this._bitField &
            -1073741824) === -1073741824;
};

Promise.prototype._setSettlePromisesQueued = function () {
    this._bitField = this._bitField | -1073741824;
};

Promise.prototype._unsetSettlePromisesQueued = function () {
    this._bitField = this._bitField & (~-1073741824);
};

Promise.prototype._queueSettlePromises = function() {
    async.settlePromises(this);
    this._setSettlePromisesQueued();
};

Promise.prototype._fulfillUnchecked = function (value) {
    if (value === this) {
        var err = makeSelfResolutionError();
        this._attachExtraTrace(err);
        return this._rejectUnchecked(err, undefined);
    }
    this._setFulfilled();
    this._settledValue = value;
    this._cleanValues();

    if (this._length() > 0) {
        this._queueSettlePromises();
    }
};

Promise.prototype._rejectUncheckedCheckError = function (reason) {
    var trace = util.ensureErrorObject(reason);
    this._rejectUnchecked(reason, trace === reason ? undefined : trace);
};

Promise.prototype._rejectUnchecked = function (reason, trace) {
    if (reason === this) {
        var err = makeSelfResolutionError();
        this._attachExtraTrace(err);
        return this._rejectUnchecked(err);
    }
    this._setRejected();
    this._settledValue = reason;
    this._cleanValues();

    if (this._isFinal()) {
        async.throwLater(function(e) {
            if ("stack" in e) {
                async.invokeFirst(
                    CapturedTrace.unhandledRejection, undefined, e);
            }
            throw e;
        }, trace === undefined ? reason : trace);
        return;
    }

    if (trace !== undefined && trace !== reason) {
        this._setCarriedStackTrace(trace);
    }

    if (this._length() > 0) {
        this._queueSettlePromises();
    } else {
        this._ensurePossibleRejectionHandled();
    }
};

Promise.prototype._settlePromises = function () {
    this._unsetSettlePromisesQueued();
    var len = this._length();
    for (var i = 0; i < len; i++) {
        this._settlePromiseAt(i);
    }
};

Promise._makeSelfResolutionError = makeSelfResolutionError;
require("./method.js")(Promise, INTERNAL, tryConvertToPromise, apiRejection);
require("./bind.js")(Promise, INTERNAL, tryConvertToPromise);
require("./finally.js")(Promise, NEXT_FILTER, tryConvertToPromise);
require("./direct_resolve.js")(Promise);
require("./synchronous_inspection.js")(Promise);
require("./join.js")(Promise, PromiseArray, tryConvertToPromise, INTERNAL);
Promise.Promise = Promise;
require('./map.js')(Promise, PromiseArray, apiRejection, tryConvertToPromise, INTERNAL);
require('./using.js')(Promise, apiRejection, tryConvertToPromise, createContext);
require('./generators.js')(Promise, apiRejection, INTERNAL, tryConvertToPromise);
require('./nodeify.js')(Promise);
require('./cancel.js')(Promise);
require('./promisify.js')(Promise, INTERNAL);
require('./props.js')(Promise, PromiseArray, tryConvertToPromise, apiRejection);
require('./race.js')(Promise, INTERNAL, tryConvertToPromise, apiRejection);
require('./reduce.js')(Promise, PromiseArray, apiRejection, tryConvertToPromise, INTERNAL);
require('./settle.js')(Promise, PromiseArray);
require('./call_get.js')(Promise);
require('./some.js')(Promise, PromiseArray, apiRejection);
require('./progress.js')(Promise, PromiseArray);
require('./any.js')(Promise);
require('./each.js')(Promise, INTERNAL);
require('./timers.js')(Promise, INTERNAL);
require('./filter.js')(Promise, INTERNAL);
                                                         
    util.toFastProperties(Promise);                                          
    util.toFastProperties(Promise.prototype);                                
    function fillTypes(value) {                                              
        var p = new Promise(INTERNAL);                                       
        p._fulfillmentHandler0 = value;                                      
        p._rejectionHandler0 = value;                                        
        p._progressHandler0 = value;                                         
        p._promise0 = value;                                                 
        p._receiver0 = value;                                                
        p._settledValue = value;                                             
    }                                                                        
    // Complete slack tracking, opt out of field-type tracking and           
    // stabilize map                                                         
    fillTypes({a: 1});                                                       
    fillTypes({b: 2});                                                       
    fillTypes({c: 3});                                                       
    fillTypes(1);                                                            
    fillTypes(function(){});                                                 
    fillTypes(undefined);                                                    
    fillTypes(false);                                                        
    fillTypes(new Promise(INTERNAL));                                        
    CapturedTrace.setBounds(async.firstLineError, util.lastLineError);       
    return Promise;                                                          

};

},{"./any.js":41,"./async.js":42,"./bind.js":43,"./call_get.js":44,"./cancel.js":45,"./captured_trace.js":46,"./catch_filter.js":47,"./context.js":48,"./debuggability.js":49,"./direct_resolve.js":50,"./each.js":51,"./errors.js":52,"./filter.js":54,"./finally.js":55,"./generators.js":56,"./join.js":57,"./map.js":58,"./method.js":59,"./nodeify.js":60,"./progress.js":61,"./promise_array.js":63,"./promise_resolver.js":64,"./promisify.js":65,"./props.js":66,"./race.js":68,"./reduce.js":69,"./settle.js":71,"./some.js":72,"./synchronous_inspection.js":73,"./thenables.js":74,"./timers.js":75,"./using.js":76,"./util.js":77}],63:[function(require,module,exports){
"use strict";
module.exports = function(Promise, INTERNAL, tryConvertToPromise,
    apiRejection) {
var util = require("./util.js");
var isArray = util.isArray;

function toResolutionValue(val) {
    switch(val) {
    case -2: return [];
    case -3: return {};
    }
}

function PromiseArray(values) {
    var promise = this._promise = new Promise(INTERNAL);
    var parent;
    if (values instanceof Promise) {
        parent = values;
        promise._propagateFrom(parent, 1 | 4);
    }
    this._values = values;
    this._length = 0;
    this._totalResolved = 0;
    this._init(undefined, -2);
}
PromiseArray.prototype.length = function () {
    return this._length;
};

PromiseArray.prototype.promise = function () {
    return this._promise;
};

PromiseArray.prototype._init = function init(_, resolveValueIfEmpty) {
    var values = tryConvertToPromise(this._values, this._promise);
    if (values instanceof Promise) {
        values = values._target();
        this._values = values;
        if (values._isFulfilled()) {
            values = values._value();
            if (!isArray(values)) {
                var err = new Promise.TypeError("expecting an array, a promise or a thenable\u000a\u000a    See http://goo.gl/s8MMhc\u000a");
                this.__hardReject__(err);
                return;
            }
        } else if (values._isPending()) {
            values._then(
                init,
                this._reject,
                undefined,
                this,
                resolveValueIfEmpty
           );
            return;
        } else {
            this._reject(values._reason());
            return;
        }
    } else if (!isArray(values)) {
        this._promise._reject(apiRejection("expecting an array, a promise or a thenable\u000a\u000a    See http://goo.gl/s8MMhc\u000a")._reason());
        return;
    }

    if (values.length === 0) {
        if (resolveValueIfEmpty === -5) {
            this._resolveEmptyArray();
        }
        else {
            this._resolve(toResolutionValue(resolveValueIfEmpty));
        }
        return;
    }
    var len = this.getActualLength(values.length);
    this._length = len;
    this._values = this.shouldCopyValues() ? new Array(len) : this._values;
    var promise = this._promise;
    for (var i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
        var isResolved = this._isResolved();
        var maybePromise = tryConvertToPromise(values[i], promise);
        if (maybePromise instanceof Promise) {
            maybePromise = maybePromise._target();
            if (isResolved) {
                maybePromise._unsetRejectionIsUnhandled();
            } else if (maybePromise._isPending()) {
                maybePromise._proxyPromiseArray(this, i);
            } else if (maybePromise._isFulfilled()) {
                this._promiseFulfilled(maybePromise._value(), i);
            } else {
                this._promiseRejected(maybePromise._reason(), i);
            }
        } else if (!isResolved) {
            this._promiseFulfilled(maybePromise, i);
        }
    }
};

PromiseArray.prototype._isResolved = function () {
    return this._values === null;
};

PromiseArray.prototype._resolve = function (value) {
    this._values = null;
    this._promise._fulfill(value);
};

PromiseArray.prototype.__hardReject__ =
PromiseArray.prototype._reject = function (reason) {
    this._values = null;
    this._promise._rejectCallback(reason, false, true);
};

PromiseArray.prototype._promiseProgressed = function (progressValue, index) {
    this._promise._progress({
        index: index,
        value: progressValue
    });
};


PromiseArray.prototype._promiseFulfilled = function (value, index) {
    this._values[index] = value;
    var totalResolved = ++this._totalResolved;
    if (totalResolved >= this._length) {
        this._resolve(this._values);
    }
};

PromiseArray.prototype._promiseRejected = function (reason, index) {
    this._totalResolved++;
    this._reject(reason);
};

PromiseArray.prototype.shouldCopyValues = function () {
    return true;
};

PromiseArray.prototype.getActualLength = function (len) {
    return len;
};

return PromiseArray;
};

},{"./util.js":77}],64:[function(require,module,exports){
"use strict";
var util = require("./util.js");
var maybeWrapAsError = util.maybeWrapAsError;
var errors = require("./errors.js");
var TimeoutError = errors.TimeoutError;
var OperationalError = errors.OperationalError;
var haveGetters = util.haveGetters;
var es5 = require("./es5.js");

function isUntypedError(obj) {
    return obj instanceof Error &&
        es5.getPrototypeOf(obj) === Error.prototype;
}

var rErrorKey = /^(?:name|message|stack|cause)$/;
function wrapAsOperationalError(obj) {
    var ret;
    if (isUntypedError(obj)) {
        ret = new OperationalError(obj);
        ret.name = obj.name;
        ret.message = obj.message;
        ret.stack = obj.stack;
        var keys = es5.keys(obj);
        for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; ++i) {
            var key = keys[i];
            if (!rErrorKey.test(key)) {
                ret[key] = obj[key];
            }
        }
        return ret;
    }
    util.markAsOriginatingFromRejection(obj);
    return obj;
}

function nodebackForPromise(promise) {
    return function(err, value) {
        if (promise === null) return;

        if (err) {
            var wrapped = wrapAsOperationalError(maybeWrapAsError(err));
            promise._attachExtraTrace(wrapped);
            promise._reject(wrapped);
        } else if (arguments.length > 2) {
            var $_len = arguments.length;var args = new Array($_len - 1); for(var $_i = 1; $_i < $_len; ++$_i) {args[$_i - 1] = arguments[$_i];}
            promise._fulfill(args);
        } else {
            promise._fulfill(value);
        }

        promise = null;
    };
}


var PromiseResolver;
if (!haveGetters) {
    PromiseResolver = function (promise) {
        this.promise = promise;
        this.asCallback = nodebackForPromise(promise);
        this.callback = this.asCallback;
    };
}
else {
    PromiseResolver = function (promise) {
        this.promise = promise;
    };
}
if (haveGetters) {
    var prop = {
        get: function() {
            return nodebackForPromise(this.promise);
        }
    };
    es5.defineProperty(PromiseResolver.prototype, "asCallback", prop);
    es5.defineProperty(PromiseResolver.prototype, "callback", prop);
}

PromiseResolver._nodebackForPromise = nodebackForPromise;

PromiseResolver.prototype.toString = function () {
    return "[object PromiseResolver]";
};

PromiseResolver.prototype.resolve =
PromiseResolver.prototype.fulfill = function (value) {
    if (!(this instanceof PromiseResolver)) {
        throw new TypeError("Illegal invocation, resolver resolve/reject must be called within a resolver context. Consider using the promise constructor instead.\u000a\u000a    See http://goo.gl/sdkXL9\u000a");
    }
    this.promise._resolveCallback(value);
};

PromiseResolver.prototype.reject = function (reason) {
    if (!(this instanceof PromiseResolver)) {
        throw new TypeError("Illegal invocation, resolver resolve/reject must be called within a resolver context. Consider using the promise constructor instead.\u000a\u000a    See http://goo.gl/sdkXL9\u000a");
    }
    this.promise._rejectCallback(reason);
};

PromiseResolver.prototype.progress = function (value) {
    if (!(this instanceof PromiseResolver)) {
        throw new TypeError("Illegal invocation, resolver resolve/reject must be called within a resolver context. Consider using the promise constructor instead.\u000a\u000a    See http://goo.gl/sdkXL9\u000a");
    }
    this.promise._progress(value);
};

PromiseResolver.prototype.cancel = function (err) {
    this.promise.cancel(err);
};

PromiseResolver.prototype.timeout = function () {
    this.reject(new TimeoutError("timeout"));
};

PromiseResolver.prototype.isResolved = function () {
    return this.promise.isResolved();
};

PromiseResolver.prototype.toJSON = function () {
    return this.promise.toJSON();
};

module.exports = PromiseResolver;

},{"./errors.js":52,"./es5.js":53,"./util.js":77}],65:[function(require,module,exports){
"use strict";
module.exports = function(Promise, INTERNAL) {
var THIS = {};
var util = require("./util.js");
var nodebackForPromise = require("./promise_resolver.js")
    ._nodebackForPromise;
var withAppended = util.withAppended;
var maybeWrapAsError = util.maybeWrapAsError;
var canEvaluate = util.canEvaluate;
var TypeError = require("./errors").TypeError;
var defaultSuffix = "Async";
var defaultPromisified = {__isPromisified__: true};
var noCopyPropsPattern =
    /^(?:length|name|arguments|caller|prototype|__isPromisified__)$/;
var defaultFilter = function(name, func) {
    return util.isIdentifier(name) &&
        name.charAt(0) !== "_" &&
        !util.isClass(func);
};

function propsFilter(key) {
    return !noCopyPropsPattern.test(key);
}

function isPromisified(fn) {
    try {
        return fn.__isPromisified__ === true;
    }
    catch (e) {
        return false;
    }
}

function hasPromisified(obj, key, suffix) {
    var val = util.getDataPropertyOrDefault(obj, key + suffix,
                                            defaultPromisified);
    return val ? isPromisified(val) : false;
}
function checkValid(ret, suffix, suffixRegexp) {
    for (var i = 0; i < ret.length; i += 2) {
        var key = ret[i];
        if (suffixRegexp.test(key)) {
            var keyWithoutAsyncSuffix = key.replace(suffixRegexp, "");
            for (var j = 0; j < ret.length; j += 2) {
                if (ret[j] === keyWithoutAsyncSuffix) {
                    throw new TypeError("Cannot promisify an API that has normal methods with '%s'-suffix\u000a\u000a    See http://goo.gl/iWrZbw\u000a"
                        .replace("%s", suffix));
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

function promisifiableMethods(obj, suffix, suffixRegexp, filter) {
    var keys = util.inheritedDataKeys(obj);
    var ret = [];
    for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; ++i) {
        var key = keys[i];
        var value = obj[key];
        var passesDefaultFilter = filter === defaultFilter
            ? true : defaultFilter(key, value, obj);
        if (typeof value === "function" &&
            !isPromisified(value) &&
            !hasPromisified(obj, key, suffix) &&
            filter(key, value, obj, passesDefaultFilter)) {
            ret.push(key, value);
        }
    }
    checkValid(ret, suffix, suffixRegexp);
    return ret;
}

var escapeIdentRegex = function(str) {
    return str.replace(/([$])/, "\\$");
};

var makeNodePromisifiedEval;
if (!false) {
var switchCaseArgumentOrder = function(likelyArgumentCount) {
    var ret = [likelyArgumentCount];
    var min = Math.max(0, likelyArgumentCount - 1 - 3);
    for(var i = likelyArgumentCount - 1; i >= min; --i) {
        ret.push(i);
    }
    for(var i = likelyArgumentCount + 1; i <= 3; ++i) {
        ret.push(i);
    }
    return ret;
};

var argumentSequence = function(argumentCount) {
    return util.filledRange(argumentCount, "_arg", "");
};

var parameterDeclaration = function(parameterCount) {
    return util.filledRange(
        Math.max(parameterCount, 3), "_arg", "");
};

var parameterCount = function(fn) {
    if (typeof fn.length === "number") {
        return Math.max(Math.min(fn.length, 1023 + 1), 0);
    }
    return 0;
};

makeNodePromisifiedEval =
function(callback, receiver, originalName, fn) {
    var newParameterCount = Math.max(0, parameterCount(fn) - 1);
    var argumentOrder = switchCaseArgumentOrder(newParameterCount);
    var shouldProxyThis = typeof callback === "string" || receiver === THIS;

    function generateCallForArgumentCount(count) {
        var args = argumentSequence(count).join(", ");
        var comma = count > 0 ? ", " : "";
        var ret;
        if (shouldProxyThis) {
            ret = "ret = callback.call(this, {{args}}, nodeback); break;\n";
        } else {
            ret = receiver === undefined
                ? "ret = callback({{args}}, nodeback); break;\n"
                : "ret = callback.call(receiver, {{args}}, nodeback); break;\n";
        }
        return ret.replace("{{args}}", args).replace(", ", comma);
    }

    function generateArgumentSwitchCase() {
        var ret = "";
        for (var i = 0; i < argumentOrder.length; ++i) {
            ret += "case " + argumentOrder[i] +":" +
                generateCallForArgumentCount(argumentOrder[i]);
        }

        ret += "                                                             \n\
        default:                                                             \n\
            var args = new Array(len + 1);                                   \n\
            var i = 0;                                                       \n\
            for (var i = 0; i < len; ++i) {                                  \n\
               args[i] = arguments[i];                                       \n\
            }                                                                \n\
            args[i] = nodeback;                                              \n\
            [CodeForCall]                                                    \n\
            break;                                                           \n\
        ".replace("[CodeForCall]", (shouldProxyThis
                                ? "ret = callback.apply(this, args);\n"
                                : "ret = callback.apply(receiver, args);\n"));
        return ret;
    }

    var getFunctionCode = typeof callback === "string"
                                ? ("this != null ? this['"+callback+"'] : fn")
                                : "fn";

    return new Function("Promise",
                        "fn",
                        "receiver",
                        "withAppended",
                        "maybeWrapAsError",
                        "nodebackForPromise",
                        "tryCatch",
                        "errorObj",
                        "INTERNAL","'use strict';                            \n\
        var ret = function (Parameters) {                                    \n\
            'use strict';                                                    \n\
            var len = arguments.length;                                      \n\
            var promise = new Promise(INTERNAL);                             \n\
            promise._captureStackTrace();                                    \n\
            var nodeback = nodebackForPromise(promise);                      \n\
            var ret;                                                         \n\
            var callback = tryCatch([GetFunctionCode]);                      \n\
            switch(len) {                                                    \n\
                [CodeForSwitchCase]                                          \n\
            }                                                                \n\
            if (ret === errorObj) {                                          \n\
                promise._rejectCallback(maybeWrapAsError(ret.e), true, true);\n\
            }                                                                \n\
            return promise;                                                  \n\
        };                                                                   \n\
        ret.__isPromisified__ = true;                                        \n\
        return ret;                                                          \n\
        "
        .replace("Parameters", parameterDeclaration(newParameterCount))
        .replace("[CodeForSwitchCase]", generateArgumentSwitchCase())
        .replace("[GetFunctionCode]", getFunctionCode))(
            Promise,
            fn,
            receiver,
            withAppended,
            maybeWrapAsError,
            nodebackForPromise,
            util.tryCatch,
            util.errorObj,
            INTERNAL
        );
};
}

function makeNodePromisifiedClosure(callback, receiver, _, fn) {
    var defaultThis = (function() {return this;})();
    var method = callback;
    if (typeof method === "string") {
        callback = fn;
    }
    function promisified() {
        var _receiver = receiver;
        if (receiver === THIS) _receiver = this;
        var promise = new Promise(INTERNAL);
        promise._captureStackTrace();
        var cb = typeof method === "string" && this !== defaultThis
            ? this[method] : callback;
        var fn = nodebackForPromise(promise);
        try {
            cb.apply(_receiver, withAppended(arguments, fn));
        } catch(e) {
            promise._rejectCallback(maybeWrapAsError(e), true, true);
        }
        return promise;
    }
    promisified.__isPromisified__ = true;
    return promisified;
}

var makeNodePromisified = canEvaluate
    ? makeNodePromisifiedEval
    : makeNodePromisifiedClosure;

function promisifyAll(obj, suffix, filter, promisifier) {
    var suffixRegexp = new RegExp(escapeIdentRegex(suffix) + "$");
    var methods =
        promisifiableMethods(obj, suffix, suffixRegexp, filter);

    for (var i = 0, len = methods.length; i < len; i+= 2) {
        var key = methods[i];
        var fn = methods[i+1];
        var promisifiedKey = key + suffix;
        obj[promisifiedKey] = promisifier === makeNodePromisified
                ? makeNodePromisified(key, THIS, key, fn, suffix)
                : promisifier(fn, function() {
                    return makeNodePromisified(key, THIS, key, fn, suffix);
                });
    }
    util.toFastProperties(obj);
    return obj;
}

function promisify(callback, receiver) {
    return makeNodePromisified(callback, receiver, undefined, callback);
}

Promise.promisify = function (fn, receiver) {
    if (typeof fn !== "function") {
        throw new TypeError("fn must be a function\u000a\u000a    See http://goo.gl/916lJJ\u000a");
    }
    if (isPromisified(fn)) {
        return fn;
    }
    var ret = promisify(fn, arguments.length < 2 ? THIS : receiver);
    util.copyDescriptors(fn, ret, propsFilter);
    return ret;
};

Promise.promisifyAll = function (target, options) {
    if (typeof target !== "function" && typeof target !== "object") {
        throw new TypeError("the target of promisifyAll must be an object or a function\u000a\u000a    See http://goo.gl/9ITlV0\u000a");
    }
    options = Object(options);
    var suffix = options.suffix;
    if (typeof suffix !== "string") suffix = defaultSuffix;
    var filter = options.filter;
    if (typeof filter !== "function") filter = defaultFilter;
    var promisifier = options.promisifier;
    if (typeof promisifier !== "function") promisifier = makeNodePromisified;

    if (!util.isIdentifier(suffix)) {
        throw new RangeError("suffix must be a valid identifier\u000a\u000a    See http://goo.gl/8FZo5V\u000a");
    }

    var keys = util.inheritedDataKeys(target);
    for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; ++i) {
        var value = target[keys[i]];
        if (keys[i] !== "constructor" &&
            util.isClass(value)) {
            promisifyAll(value.prototype, suffix, filter, promisifier);
            promisifyAll(value, suffix, filter, promisifier);
        }
    }

    return promisifyAll(target, suffix, filter, promisifier);
};
};


},{"./errors":52,"./promise_resolver.js":64,"./util.js":77}],66:[function(require,module,exports){
"use strict";
module.exports = function(
    Promise, PromiseArray, tryConvertToPromise, apiRejection) {
var util = require("./util.js");
var isObject = util.isObject;
var es5 = require("./es5.js");

function PropertiesPromiseArray(obj) {
    var keys = es5.keys(obj);
    var len = keys.length;
    var values = new Array(len * 2);
    for (var i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
        var key = keys[i];
        values[i] = obj[key];
        values[i + len] = key;
    }
    this.constructor$(values);
}
util.inherits(PropertiesPromiseArray, PromiseArray);

PropertiesPromiseArray.prototype._init = function () {
    this._init$(undefined, -3) ;
};

PropertiesPromiseArray.prototype._promiseFulfilled = function (value, index) {
    this._values[index] = value;
    var totalResolved = ++this._totalResolved;
    if (totalResolved >= this._length) {
        var val = {};
        var keyOffset = this.length();
        for (var i = 0, len = this.length(); i < len; ++i) {
            val[this._values[i + keyOffset]] = this._values[i];
        }
        this._resolve(val);
    }
};

PropertiesPromiseArray.prototype._promiseProgressed = function (value, index) {
    this._promise._progress({
        key: this._values[index + this.length()],
        value: value
    });
};

PropertiesPromiseArray.prototype.shouldCopyValues = function () {
    return false;
};

PropertiesPromiseArray.prototype.getActualLength = function (len) {
    return len >> 1;
};

function props(promises) {
    var ret;
    var castValue = tryConvertToPromise(promises);

    if (!isObject(castValue)) {
        return apiRejection("cannot await properties of a non-object\u000a\u000a    See http://goo.gl/OsFKC8\u000a");
    } else if (castValue instanceof Promise) {
        ret = castValue._then(
            Promise.props, undefined, undefined, undefined, undefined);
    } else {
        ret = new PropertiesPromiseArray(castValue).promise();
    }

    if (castValue instanceof Promise) {
        ret._propagateFrom(castValue, 4);
    }
    return ret;
}

Promise.prototype.props = function () {
    return props(this);
};

Promise.props = function (promises) {
    return props(promises);
};
};

},{"./es5.js":53,"./util.js":77}],67:[function(require,module,exports){
"use strict";
function arrayMove(src, srcIndex, dst, dstIndex, len) {
    for (var j = 0; j < len; ++j) {
        dst[j + dstIndex] = src[j + srcIndex];
        src[j + srcIndex] = void 0;
    }
}

function Queue(capacity) {
    this._capacity = capacity;
    this._length = 0;
    this._front = 0;
}

Queue.prototype._willBeOverCapacity = function (size) {
    return this._capacity < size;
};

Queue.prototype._pushOne = function (arg) {
    var length = this.length();
    this._checkCapacity(length + 1);
    var i = (this._front + length) & (this._capacity - 1);
    this[i] = arg;
    this._length = length + 1;
};

Queue.prototype._unshiftOne = function(value) {
    var capacity = this._capacity;
    this._checkCapacity(this.length() + 1);
    var front = this._front;
    var i = (((( front - 1 ) &
                    ( capacity - 1) ) ^ capacity ) - capacity );
    this[i] = value;
    this._front = i;
    this._length = this.length() + 1;
};

Queue.prototype.unshift = function(fn, receiver, arg) {
    this._unshiftOne(arg);
    this._unshiftOne(receiver);
    this._unshiftOne(fn);
};

Queue.prototype.push = function (fn, receiver, arg) {
    var length = this.length() + 3;
    if (this._willBeOverCapacity(length)) {
        this._pushOne(fn);
        this._pushOne(receiver);
        this._pushOne(arg);
        return;
    }
    var j = this._front + length - 3;
    this._checkCapacity(length);
    var wrapMask = this._capacity - 1;
    this[(j + 0) & wrapMask] = fn;
    this[(j + 1) & wrapMask] = receiver;
    this[(j + 2) & wrapMask] = arg;
    this._length = length;
};

Queue.prototype.shift = function () {
    var front = this._front,
        ret = this[front];

    this[front] = undefined;
    this._front = (front + 1) & (this._capacity - 1);
    this._length--;
    return ret;
};

Queue.prototype.length = function () {
    return this._length;
};

Queue.prototype._checkCapacity = function (size) {
    if (this._capacity < size) {
        this._resizeTo(this._capacity << 1);
    }
};

Queue.prototype._resizeTo = function (capacity) {
    var oldCapacity = this._capacity;
    this._capacity = capacity;
    var front = this._front;
    var length = this._length;
    var moveItemsCount = (front + length) & (oldCapacity - 1);
    arrayMove(this, 0, this, oldCapacity, moveItemsCount);
};

module.exports = Queue;

},{}],68:[function(require,module,exports){
"use strict";
module.exports = function(
    Promise, INTERNAL, tryConvertToPromise, apiRejection) {
var isArray = require("./util.js").isArray;

var raceLater = function (promise) {
    return promise.then(function(array) {
        return race(array, promise);
    });
};

function race(promises, parent) {
    var maybePromise = tryConvertToPromise(promises);

    if (maybePromise instanceof Promise) {
        return raceLater(maybePromise);
    } else if (!isArray(promises)) {
        return apiRejection("expecting an array, a promise or a thenable\u000a\u000a    See http://goo.gl/s8MMhc\u000a");
    }

    var ret = new Promise(INTERNAL);
    if (parent !== undefined) {
        ret._propagateFrom(parent, 4 | 1);
    }
    var fulfill = ret._fulfill;
    var reject = ret._reject;
    for (var i = 0, len = promises.length; i < len; ++i) {
        var val = promises[i];

        if (val === undefined && !(i in promises)) {
            continue;
        }

        Promise.cast(val)._then(fulfill, reject, undefined, ret, null);
    }
    return ret;
}

Promise.race = function (promises) {
    return race(promises, undefined);
};

Promise.prototype.race = function () {
    return race(this, undefined);
};

};

},{"./util.js":77}],69:[function(require,module,exports){
"use strict";
module.exports = function(Promise,
                          PromiseArray,
                          apiRejection,
                          tryConvertToPromise,
                          INTERNAL) {
var util = require("./util.js");
var tryCatch = util.tryCatch;
var errorObj = util.errorObj;
function ReductionPromiseArray(promises, fn, accum, _each) {
    this.constructor$(promises);
    this._promise._captureStackTrace();
    this._preservedValues = _each === INTERNAL ? [] : null;
    this._zerothIsAccum = (accum === undefined);
    this._gotAccum = false;
    this._reducingIndex = (this._zerothIsAccum ? 1 : 0);
    this._valuesPhase = undefined;
    var maybePromise = tryConvertToPromise(accum, this._promise);
    var rejected = false;
    var isPromise = maybePromise instanceof Promise;
    if (isPromise) {
        maybePromise = maybePromise._target();
        if (maybePromise._isPending()) {
            maybePromise._proxyPromiseArray(this, -1);
        } else if (maybePromise._isFulfilled()) {
            accum = maybePromise._value();
            this._gotAccum = true;
        } else {
            this._reject(maybePromise._reason());
            rejected = true;
        }
    }
    if (!(isPromise || this._zerothIsAccum)) this._gotAccum = true;
    this._callback = fn;
    this._accum = accum;
    if (!rejected) this._init$(undefined, -5);
}
util.inherits(ReductionPromiseArray, PromiseArray);

ReductionPromiseArray.prototype._init = function () {};

ReductionPromiseArray.prototype._resolveEmptyArray = function () {
    if (this._gotAccum || this._zerothIsAccum) {
        this._resolve(this._preservedValues !== null
                        ? [] : this._accum);
    }
};

ReductionPromiseArray.prototype._promiseFulfilled = function (value, index) {
    var values = this._values;
    values[index] = value;
    var length = this.length();
    var preservedValues = this._preservedValues;
    var isEach = preservedValues !== null;
    var gotAccum = this._gotAccum;
    var valuesPhase = this._valuesPhase;
    var valuesPhaseIndex;
    if (!valuesPhase) {
        valuesPhase = this._valuesPhase = new Array(length);
        for (valuesPhaseIndex=0; valuesPhaseIndex<length; ++valuesPhaseIndex) {
            valuesPhase[valuesPhaseIndex] = 0;
        }
    }
    valuesPhaseIndex = valuesPhase[index];

    if (index === 0 && this._zerothIsAccum) {
        this._accum = value;
        this._gotAccum = gotAccum = true;
        valuesPhase[index] = ((valuesPhaseIndex === 0)
            ? 1 : 2);
    } else if (index === -1) {
        this._accum = value;
        this._gotAccum = gotAccum = true;
    } else {
        if (valuesPhaseIndex === 0) {
            valuesPhase[index] = 1;
        } else {
            valuesPhase[index] = 2;
            this._accum = value;
        }
    }
    if (!gotAccum) return;

    var callback = this._callback;
    var receiver = this._promise._boundTo;
    var ret;

    for (var i = this._reducingIndex; i < length; ++i) {
        valuesPhaseIndex = valuesPhase[i];
        if (valuesPhaseIndex === 2) {
            this._reducingIndex = i + 1;
            continue;
        }
        if (valuesPhaseIndex !== 1) return;
        value = values[i];
        this._promise._pushContext();
        if (isEach) {
            preservedValues.push(value);
            ret = tryCatch(callback).call(receiver, value, i, length);
        }
        else {
            ret = tryCatch(callback)
                .call(receiver, this._accum, value, i, length);
        }
        this._promise._popContext();

        if (ret === errorObj) return this._reject(ret.e);

        var maybePromise = tryConvertToPromise(ret, this._promise);
        if (maybePromise instanceof Promise) {
            maybePromise = maybePromise._target();
            if (maybePromise._isPending()) {
                valuesPhase[i] = 4;
                return maybePromise._proxyPromiseArray(this, i);
            } else if (maybePromise._isFulfilled()) {
                ret = maybePromise._value();
            } else {
                return this._reject(maybePromise._reason());
            }
        }

        this._reducingIndex = i + 1;
        this._accum = ret;
    }

    this._resolve(isEach ? preservedValues : this._accum);
};

function reduce(promises, fn, initialValue, _each) {
    if (typeof fn !== "function") return apiRejection("fn must be a function\u000a\u000a    See http://goo.gl/916lJJ\u000a");
    var array = new ReductionPromiseArray(promises, fn, initialValue, _each);
    return array.promise();
}

Promise.prototype.reduce = function (fn, initialValue) {
    return reduce(this, fn, initialValue, null);
};

Promise.reduce = function (promises, fn, initialValue, _each) {
    return reduce(promises, fn, initialValue, _each);
};
};

},{"./util.js":77}],70:[function(require,module,exports){
(function (process,global){
"use strict";
var schedule;
if (require("./util.js").isNode) {
    var version = process.versions.node.split(".").map(Number);
    schedule = (version[0] === 0 && version[1] > 10) || (version[0] > 0)
        ? global.setImmediate : process.nextTick;
}
else if (typeof MutationObserver !== "undefined") {
    schedule = function(fn) {
        var div = document.createElement("div");
        var observer = new MutationObserver(fn);
        observer.observe(div, {attributes: true});
        return function() { div.classList.toggle("foo"); };
    };
    schedule.isStatic = true;
}
else if (typeof setTimeout !== "undefined") {
    schedule = function (fn) {
        setTimeout(fn, 0);
    };
}
else {
    schedule = function() {
        throw new Error("No async scheduler available\u000a\u000a    See http://goo.gl/m3OTXk\u000a");
    };
}
module.exports = schedule;

}).call(this,require('_process'),typeof global !== "undefined" ? global : typeof self !== "undefined" ? self : typeof window !== "undefined" ? window : {})
},{"./util.js":77,"_process":84}],71:[function(require,module,exports){
"use strict";
module.exports =
    function(Promise, PromiseArray) {
var PromiseInspection = Promise.PromiseInspection;
var util = require("./util.js");

function SettledPromiseArray(values) {
    this.constructor$(values);
}
util.inherits(SettledPromiseArray, PromiseArray);

SettledPromiseArray.prototype._promiseResolved = function (index, inspection) {
    this._values[index] = inspection;
    var totalResolved = ++this._totalResolved;
    if (totalResolved >= this._length) {
        this._resolve(this._values);
    }
};

SettledPromiseArray.prototype._promiseFulfilled = function (value, index) {
    var ret = new PromiseInspection();
    ret._bitField = 268435456;
    ret._settledValue = value;
    this._promiseResolved(index, ret);
};
SettledPromiseArray.prototype._promiseRejected = function (reason, index) {
    var ret = new PromiseInspection();
    ret._bitField = 134217728;
    ret._settledValue = reason;
    this._promiseResolved(index, ret);
};

Promise.settle = function (promises) {
    return new SettledPromiseArray(promises).promise();
};

Promise.prototype.settle = function () {
    return new SettledPromiseArray(this).promise();
};
};

},{"./util.js":77}],72:[function(require,module,exports){
"use strict";
module.exports =
function(Promise, PromiseArray, apiRejection) {
var util = require("./util.js");
var RangeError = require("./errors.js").RangeError;
var AggregateError = require("./errors.js").AggregateError;
var isArray = util.isArray;


function SomePromiseArray(values) {
    this.constructor$(values);
    this._howMany = 0;
    this._unwrap = false;
    this._initialized = false;
}
util.inherits(SomePromiseArray, PromiseArray);

SomePromiseArray.prototype._init = function () {
    if (!this._initialized) {
        return;
    }
    if (this._howMany === 0) {
        this._resolve([]);
        return;
    }
    this._init$(undefined, -5);
    var isArrayResolved = isArray(this._values);
    if (!this._isResolved() &&
        isArrayResolved &&
        this._howMany > this._canPossiblyFulfill()) {
        this._reject(this._getRangeError(this.length()));
    }
};

SomePromiseArray.prototype.init = function () {
    this._initialized = true;
    this._init();
};

SomePromiseArray.prototype.setUnwrap = function () {
    this._unwrap = true;
};

SomePromiseArray.prototype.howMany = function () {
    return this._howMany;
};

SomePromiseArray.prototype.setHowMany = function (count) {
    this._howMany = count;
};

SomePromiseArray.prototype._promiseFulfilled = function (value) {
    this._addFulfilled(value);
    if (this._fulfilled() === this.howMany()) {
        this._values.length = this.howMany();
        if (this.howMany() === 1 && this._unwrap) {
            this._resolve(this._values[0]);
        } else {
            this._resolve(this._values);
        }
    }

};
SomePromiseArray.prototype._promiseRejected = function (reason) {
    this._addRejected(reason);
    if (this.howMany() > this._canPossiblyFulfill()) {
        var e = new AggregateError();
        for (var i = this.length(); i < this._values.length; ++i) {
            e.push(this._values[i]);
        }
        this._reject(e);
    }
};

SomePromiseArray.prototype._fulfilled = function () {
    return this._totalResolved;
};

SomePromiseArray.prototype._rejected = function () {
    return this._values.length - this.length();
};

SomePromiseArray.prototype._addRejected = function (reason) {
    this._values.push(reason);
};

SomePromiseArray.prototype._addFulfilled = function (value) {
    this._values[this._totalResolved++] = value;
};

SomePromiseArray.prototype._canPossiblyFulfill = function () {
    return this.length() - this._rejected();
};

SomePromiseArray.prototype._getRangeError = function (count) {
    var message = "Input array must contain at least " +
            this._howMany + " items but contains only " + count + " items";
    return new RangeError(message);
};

SomePromiseArray.prototype._resolveEmptyArray = function () {
    this._reject(this._getRangeError(0));
};

function some(promises, howMany) {
    if ((howMany | 0) !== howMany || howMany < 0) {
        return apiRejection("expecting a positive integer\u000a\u000a    See http://goo.gl/1wAmHx\u000a");
    }
    var ret = new SomePromiseArray(promises);
    var promise = ret.promise();
    ret.setHowMany(howMany);
    ret.init();
    return promise;
}

Promise.some = function (promises, howMany) {
    return some(promises, howMany);
};

Promise.prototype.some = function (howMany) {
    return some(this, howMany);
};

Promise._SomePromiseArray = SomePromiseArray;
};

},{"./errors.js":52,"./util.js":77}],73:[function(require,module,exports){
"use strict";
module.exports = function(Promise) {
function PromiseInspection(promise) {
    if (promise !== undefined) {
        promise = promise._target();
        this._bitField = promise._bitField;
        this._settledValue = promise._settledValue;
    }
    else {
        this._bitField = 0;
        this._settledValue = undefined;
    }
}

PromiseInspection.prototype.value = function () {
    if (!this.isFulfilled()) {
        throw new TypeError("cannot get fulfillment value of a non-fulfilled promise\u000a\u000a    See http://goo.gl/hc1DLj\u000a");
    }
    return this._settledValue;
};

PromiseInspection.prototype.error =
PromiseInspection.prototype.reason = function () {
    if (!this.isRejected()) {
        throw new TypeError("cannot get rejection reason of a non-rejected promise\u000a\u000a    See http://goo.gl/hPuiwB\u000a");
    }
    return this._settledValue;
};

PromiseInspection.prototype.isFulfilled =
Promise.prototype._isFulfilled = function () {
    return (this._bitField & 268435456) > 0;
};

PromiseInspection.prototype.isRejected =
Promise.prototype._isRejected = function () {
    return (this._bitField & 134217728) > 0;
};

PromiseInspection.prototype.isPending =
Promise.prototype._isPending = function () {
    return (this._bitField & 402653184) === 0;
};

PromiseInspection.prototype.isResolved =
Promise.prototype._isResolved = function () {
    return (this._bitField & 402653184) > 0;
};

Promise.prototype.isPending = function() {
    return this._target()._isPending();
};

Promise.prototype.isRejected = function() {
    return this._target()._isRejected();
};

Promise.prototype.isFulfilled = function() {
    return this._target()._isFulfilled();
};

Promise.prototype.isResolved = function() {
    return this._target()._isResolved();
};

Promise.prototype._value = function() {
    return this._settledValue;
};

Promise.prototype._reason = function() {
    this._unsetRejectionIsUnhandled();
    return this._settledValue;
};

Promise.prototype.value = function() {
    var target = this._target();
    if (!target.isFulfilled()) {
        throw new TypeError("cannot get fulfillment value of a non-fulfilled promise\u000a\u000a    See http://goo.gl/hc1DLj\u000a");
    }
    return target._settledValue;
};

Promise.prototype.reason = function() {
    var target = this._target();
    if (!target.isRejected()) {
        throw new TypeError("cannot get rejection reason of a non-rejected promise\u000a\u000a    See http://goo.gl/hPuiwB\u000a");
    }
    target._unsetRejectionIsUnhandled();
    return target._settledValue;
};


Promise.PromiseInspection = PromiseInspection;
};

},{}],74:[function(require,module,exports){
"use strict";
module.exports = function(Promise, INTERNAL) {
var util = require("./util.js");
var errorObj = util.errorObj;
var isObject = util.isObject;

function tryConvertToPromise(obj, context) {
    if (isObject(obj)) {
        if (obj instanceof Promise) {
            return obj;
        }
        else if (isAnyBluebirdPromise(obj)) {
            var ret = new Promise(INTERNAL);
            obj._then(
                ret._fulfillUnchecked,
                ret._rejectUncheckedCheckError,
                ret._progressUnchecked,
                ret,
                null
            );
            return ret;
        }
        var then = util.tryCatch(getThen)(obj);
        if (then === errorObj) {
            if (context) context._pushContext();
            var ret = Promise.reject(then.e);
            if (context) context._popContext();
            return ret;
        } else if (typeof then === "function") {
            return doThenable(obj, then, context);
        }
    }
    return obj;
}

function getThen(obj) {
    return obj.then;
}

var hasProp = {}.hasOwnProperty;
function isAnyBluebirdPromise(obj) {
    return hasProp.call(obj, "_promise0");
}

function doThenable(x, then, context) {
    var promise = new Promise(INTERNAL);
    var ret = promise;
    if (context) context._pushContext();
    promise._captureStackTrace();
    if (context) context._popContext();
    var synchronous = true;
    var result = util.tryCatch(then).call(x,
                                        resolveFromThenable,
                                        rejectFromThenable,
                                        progressFromThenable);
    synchronous = false;
    if (promise && result === errorObj) {
        promise._rejectCallback(result.e, true, true);
        promise = null;
    }

    function resolveFromThenable(value) {
        if (!promise) return;
        if (x === value) {
            promise._rejectCallback(
                Promise._makeSelfResolutionError(), false, true);
        } else {
            promise._resolveCallback(value);
        }
        promise = null;
    }

    function rejectFromThenable(reason) {
        if (!promise) return;
        promise._rejectCallback(reason, synchronous, true);
        promise = null;
    }

    function progressFromThenable(value) {
        if (!promise) return;
        if (typeof promise._progress === "function") {
            promise._progress(value);
        }
    }
    return ret;
}

return tryConvertToPromise;
};

},{"./util.js":77}],75:[function(require,module,exports){
"use strict";
module.exports = function(Promise, INTERNAL) {
var util = require("./util.js");
var TimeoutError = Promise.TimeoutError;

var afterTimeout = function (promise, message) {
    if (!promise.isPending()) return;
    if (typeof message !== "string") {
        message = "operation timed out";
    }
    var err = new TimeoutError(message);
    util.markAsOriginatingFromRejection(err);
    promise._attachExtraTrace(err);
    promise._cancel(err);
};

var afterValue = function(value) { return delay(+this).thenReturn(value); };
var delay = Promise.delay = function (value, ms) {
    if (ms === undefined) {
        ms = value;
        value = undefined;
        var ret = new Promise(INTERNAL);
        setTimeout(function() { ret._fulfill(); }, ms);
        return ret;
    }
    ms = +ms;
    return Promise.resolve(value)._then(afterValue, null, null, ms, undefined);
};

Promise.prototype.delay = function (ms) {
    return delay(this, ms);
};

function successClear(value) {
    var handle = this;
    if (handle instanceof Number) handle = +handle;
    clearTimeout(handle);
    return value;
}

function failureClear(reason) {
    var handle = this;
    if (handle instanceof Number) handle = +handle;
    clearTimeout(handle);
    throw reason;
}

Promise.prototype.timeout = function (ms, message) {
    ms = +ms;
    var ret = this.then().cancellable();
    ret._cancellationParent = this;
    var handle = setTimeout(function timeoutTimeout() {
        afterTimeout(ret, message);
    }, ms);
    return ret._then(successClear, failureClear, undefined, handle, undefined);
};

};

},{"./util.js":77}],76:[function(require,module,exports){
"use strict";
module.exports = function (Promise, apiRejection, tryConvertToPromise,
    createContext) {
    var TypeError = require("./errors.js").TypeError;
    var inherits = require("./util.js").inherits;
    var PromiseInspection = Promise.PromiseInspection;

    function inspectionMapper(inspections) {
        var len = inspections.length;
        for (var i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
            var inspection = inspections[i];
            if (inspection.isRejected()) {
                return Promise.reject(inspection.error());
            }
            inspections[i] = inspection._settledValue;
        }
        return inspections;
    }

    function thrower(e) {
        setTimeout(function(){throw e;}, 0);
    }

    function castPreservingDisposable(thenable) {
        var maybePromise = tryConvertToPromise(thenable);
        if (maybePromise !== thenable &&
            typeof thenable._isDisposable === "function" &&
            typeof thenable._getDisposer === "function" &&
            thenable._isDisposable()) {
            maybePromise._setDisposable(thenable._getDisposer());
        }
        return maybePromise;
    }
    function dispose(resources, inspection) {
        var i = 0;
        var len = resources.length;
        var ret = Promise.defer();
        function iterator() {
            if (i >= len) return ret.resolve();
            var maybePromise = castPreservingDisposable(resources[i++]);
            if (maybePromise instanceof Promise &&
                maybePromise._isDisposable()) {
                try {
                    maybePromise = tryConvertToPromise(
                        maybePromise._getDisposer().tryDispose(inspection),
                        resources.promise);
                } catch (e) {
                    return thrower(e);
                }
                if (maybePromise instanceof Promise) {
                    return maybePromise._then(iterator, thrower,
                                              null, null, null);
                }
            }
            iterator();
        }
        iterator();
        return ret.promise;
    }

    function disposerSuccess(value) {
        var inspection = new PromiseInspection();
        inspection._settledValue = value;
        inspection._bitField = 268435456;
        return dispose(this, inspection).thenReturn(value);
    }

    function disposerFail(reason) {
        var inspection = new PromiseInspection();
        inspection._settledValue = reason;
        inspection._bitField = 134217728;
        return dispose(this, inspection).thenThrow(reason);
    }

    function Disposer(data, promise, context) {
        this._data = data;
        this._promise = promise;
        this._context = context;
    }

    Disposer.prototype.data = function () {
        return this._data;
    };

    Disposer.prototype.promise = function () {
        return this._promise;
    };

    Disposer.prototype.resource = function () {
        if (this.promise().isFulfilled()) {
            return this.promise().value();
        }
        return null;
    };

    Disposer.prototype.tryDispose = function(inspection) {
        var resource = this.resource();
        var context = this._context;
        if (context !== undefined) context._pushContext();
        var ret = resource !== null
            ? this.doDispose(resource, inspection) : null;
        if (context !== undefined) context._popContext();
        this._promise._unsetDisposable();
        this._data = null;
        return ret;
    };

    Disposer.isDisposer = function (d) {
        return (d != null &&
                typeof d.resource === "function" &&
                typeof d.tryDispose === "function");
    };

    function FunctionDisposer(fn, promise, context) {
        this.constructor$(fn, promise, context);
    }
    inherits(FunctionDisposer, Disposer);

    FunctionDisposer.prototype.doDispose = function (resource, inspection) {
        var fn = this.data();
        return fn.call(resource, resource, inspection);
    };

    function maybeUnwrapDisposer(value) {
        if (Disposer.isDisposer(value)) {
            this.resources[this.index]._setDisposable(value);
            return value.promise();
        }
        return value;
    }

    Promise.using = function () {
        var len = arguments.length;
        if (len < 2) return apiRejection(
                        "you must pass at least 2 arguments to Promise.using");
        var fn = arguments[len - 1];
        if (typeof fn !== "function") return apiRejection("fn must be a function\u000a\u000a    See http://goo.gl/916lJJ\u000a");
        len--;
        var resources = new Array(len);
        for (var i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
            var resource = arguments[i];
            if (Disposer.isDisposer(resource)) {
                var disposer = resource;
                resource = resource.promise();
                resource._setDisposable(disposer);
            } else {
                var maybePromise = tryConvertToPromise(resource);
                if (maybePromise instanceof Promise) {
                    resource =
                        maybePromise._then(maybeUnwrapDisposer, null, null, {
                            resources: resources,
                            index: i
                    }, undefined);
                }
            }
            resources[i] = resource;
        }

        var promise = Promise.settle(resources)
            .then(inspectionMapper)
            .then(function(vals) {
                promise._pushContext();
                var ret;
                try {
                    ret = fn.apply(undefined, vals);
                } finally {
                    promise._popContext();
                }
                return ret;
            })
            ._then(
                disposerSuccess, disposerFail, undefined, resources, undefined);
        resources.promise = promise;
        return promise;
    };

    Promise.prototype._setDisposable = function (disposer) {
        this._bitField = this._bitField | 262144;
        this._disposer = disposer;
    };

    Promise.prototype._isDisposable = function () {
        return (this._bitField & 262144) > 0;
    };

    Promise.prototype._getDisposer = function () {
        return this._disposer;
    };

    Promise.prototype._unsetDisposable = function () {
        this._bitField = this._bitField & (~262144);
        this._disposer = undefined;
    };

    Promise.prototype.disposer = function (fn) {
        if (typeof fn === "function") {
            return new FunctionDisposer(fn, this, createContext());
        }
        throw new TypeError();
    };

};

},{"./errors.js":52,"./util.js":77}],77:[function(require,module,exports){
(function (process){
"use strict";
var es5 = require("./es5.js");
var canEvaluate = typeof navigator == "undefined";
var haveGetters = (function(){
    try {
        var o = {};
        es5.defineProperty(o, "f", {
            get: function () {
                return 3;
            }
        });
        return o.f === 3;
    }
    catch (e) {
        return false;
    }

})();

var errorObj = {e: {}};
var tryCatchTarget;
function tryCatcher() {
    try {
        return tryCatchTarget.apply(this, arguments);
    } catch (e) {
        errorObj.e = e;
        return errorObj;
    }
}
function tryCatch(fn) {
    tryCatchTarget = fn;
    return tryCatcher;
}

var inherits = function(Child, Parent) {
    var hasProp = {}.hasOwnProperty;

    function T() {
        this.constructor = Child;
        this.constructor$ = Parent;
        for (var propertyName in Parent.prototype) {
            if (hasProp.call(Parent.prototype, propertyName) &&
                propertyName.charAt(propertyName.length-1) !== "$"
           ) {
                this[propertyName + "$"] = Parent.prototype[propertyName];
            }
        }
    }
    T.prototype = Parent.prototype;
    Child.prototype = new T();
    return Child.prototype;
};


function isPrimitive(val) {
    return val == null || val === true || val === false ||
        typeof val === "string" || typeof val === "number";

}

function isObject(value) {
    return !isPrimitive(value);
}

function maybeWrapAsError(maybeError) {
    if (!isPrimitive(maybeError)) return maybeError;

    return new Error(safeToString(maybeError));
}

function withAppended(target, appendee) {
    var len = target.length;
    var ret = new Array(len + 1);
    var i;
    for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
        ret[i] = target[i];
    }
    ret[i] = appendee;
    return ret;
}

function getDataPropertyOrDefault(obj, key, defaultValue) {
    if (es5.isES5) {
        var desc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(obj, key);
        if (desc != null) {
            return desc.get == null && desc.set == null
                    ? desc.value
                    : defaultValue;
        }
    } else {
        return {}.hasOwnProperty.call(obj, key) ? obj[key] : undefined;
    }
}

function notEnumerableProp(obj, name, value) {
    if (isPrimitive(obj)) return obj;
    var descriptor = {
        value: value,
        configurable: true,
        enumerable: false,
        writable: true
    };
    es5.defineProperty(obj, name, descriptor);
    return obj;
}


var wrapsPrimitiveReceiver = (function() {
    return this !== "string";
}).call("string");

function thrower(r) {
    throw r;
}

var inheritedDataKeys = (function() {
    if (es5.isES5) {
        var oProto = Object.prototype;
        var getKeys = Object.getOwnPropertyNames;
        return function(obj) {
            var ret = [];
            var visitedKeys = Object.create(null);
            while (obj != null && obj !== oProto) {
                var keys;
                try {
                    keys = getKeys(obj);
                } catch (e) {
                    return ret;
                }
                for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; ++i) {
                    var key = keys[i];
                    if (visitedKeys[key]) continue;
                    visitedKeys[key] = true;
                    var desc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(obj, key);
                    if (desc != null && desc.get == null && desc.set == null) {
                        ret.push(key);
                    }
                }
                obj = es5.getPrototypeOf(obj);
            }
            return ret;
        };
    } else {
        return function(obj) {
            var ret = [];
            /*jshint forin:false */
            for (var key in obj) {
                ret.push(key);
            }
            return ret;
        };
    }

})();

function isClass(fn) {
    try {
        if (typeof fn === "function") {
            var keys = es5.names(fn.prototype);
            if (es5.isES5) return keys.length > 1;
            return keys.length > 0 &&
                   !(keys.length === 1 && keys[0] === "constructor");
        }
        return false;
    } catch (e) {
        return false;
    }
}

function toFastProperties(obj) {
    /*jshint -W027*/
    function f() {}
    f.prototype = obj;
    return f;
    eval(obj);
}

var rident = /^[a-z$_][a-z$_0-9]*$/i;
function isIdentifier(str) {
    return rident.test(str);
}

function filledRange(count, prefix, suffix) {
    var ret = new Array(count);
    for(var i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
        ret[i] = prefix + i + suffix;
    }
    return ret;
}

function safeToString(obj) {
    try {
        return obj + "";
    } catch (e) {
        return "[no string representation]";
    }
}

function markAsOriginatingFromRejection(e) {
    try {
        notEnumerableProp(e, "isOperational", true);
    }
    catch(ignore) {}
}

function originatesFromRejection(e) {
    if (e == null) return false;
    return ((e instanceof Error["__BluebirdErrorTypes__"].OperationalError) ||
        e["isOperational"] === true);
}

function canAttachTrace(obj) {
    return obj instanceof Error && es5.propertyIsWritable(obj, "stack");
}

var ensureErrorObject = (function() {
    if (!("stack" in new Error())) {
        return function(value) {
            if (canAttachTrace(value)) return value;
            try {throw new Error(safeToString(value));}
            catch(err) {return err;}
        };
    } else {
        return function(value) {
            if (canAttachTrace(value)) return value;
            return new Error(safeToString(value));
        };
    }
})();

function classString(obj) {
    return {}.toString.call(obj);
}

function copyDescriptors(from, to, filter) {
    var keys = es5.names(from);
    for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; ++i) {
        var key = keys[i];
        if (filter(key)) {
            es5.defineProperty(to, key, es5.getDescriptor(from, key));
        }
    }
}

var ret = {
    isClass: isClass,
    isIdentifier: isIdentifier,
    inheritedDataKeys: inheritedDataKeys,
    getDataPropertyOrDefault: getDataPropertyOrDefault,
    thrower: thrower,
    isArray: es5.isArray,
    haveGetters: haveGetters,
    notEnumerableProp: notEnumerableProp,
    isPrimitive: isPrimitive,
    isObject: isObject,
    canEvaluate: canEvaluate,
    errorObj: errorObj,
    tryCatch: tryCatch,
    inherits: inherits,
    withAppended: withAppended,
    maybeWrapAsError: maybeWrapAsError,
    wrapsPrimitiveReceiver: wrapsPrimitiveReceiver,
    toFastProperties: toFastProperties,
    filledRange: filledRange,
    toString: safeToString,
    canAttachTrace: canAttachTrace,
    ensureErrorObject: ensureErrorObject,
    originatesFromRejection: originatesFromRejection,
    markAsOriginatingFromRejection: markAsOriginatingFromRejection,
    classString: classString,
    copyDescriptors: copyDescriptors,
    isNode: typeof process !== "undefined" &&
        classString(process).toLowerCase() === "[object process]"
};
try {throw new Error(); } catch (e) {ret.lastLineError = e;}
module.exports = ret;

}).call(this,require('_process'))
},{"./es5.js":53,"_process":84}],78:[function(require,module,exports){

},{}],79:[function(require,module,exports){
/*!
 * The buffer module from node.js, for the browser.
 *
 * @author   Feross Aboukhadijeh <feross@feross.org> <http://feross.org>
 * @license  MIT
 */

var base64 = require('base64-js')
var ieee754 = require('ieee754')
var isArray = require('is-array')

exports.Buffer = Buffer
exports.SlowBuffer = Buffer
exports.INSPECT_MAX_BYTES = 50
Buffer.poolSize = 8192 // not used by this implementation

var kMaxLength = 0x3fffffff

/**
 * If `Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT`:
 *   === true    Use Uint8Array implementation (fastest)
 *   === false   Use Object implementation (most compatible, even IE6)
 *
 * Browsers that support typed arrays are IE 10+, Firefox 4+, Chrome 7+, Safari 5.1+,
 * Opera 11.6+, iOS 4.2+.
 *
 * Note:
 *
 * - Implementation must support adding new properties to `Uint8Array` instances.
 *   Firefox 4-29 lacked support, fixed in Firefox 30+.
 *   See: https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=695438.
 *
 *  - Chrome 9-10 is missing the `TypedArray.prototype.subarray` function.
 *
 *  - IE10 has a broken `TypedArray.prototype.subarray` function which returns arrays of
 *    incorrect length in some situations.
 *
 * We detect these buggy browsers and set `Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT` to `false` so they will
 * get the Object implementation, which is slower but will work correctly.
 */
Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT = (function () {
  try {
    var buf = new ArrayBuffer(0)
    var arr = new Uint8Array(buf)
    arr.foo = function () { return 42 }
    return 42 === arr.foo() && // typed array instances can be augmented
        typeof arr.subarray === 'function' && // chrome 9-10 lack `subarray`
        new Uint8Array(1).subarray(1, 1).byteLength === 0 // ie10 has broken `subarray`
  } catch (e) {
    return false
  }
})()

/**
 * Class: Buffer
 * =============
 *
 * The Buffer constructor returns instances of `Uint8Array` that are augmented
 * with function properties for all the node `Buffer` API functions. We use
 * `Uint8Array` so that square bracket notation works as expected -- it returns
 * a single octet.
 *
 * By augmenting the instances, we can avoid modifying the `Uint8Array`
 * prototype.
 */
function Buffer (subject, encoding, noZero) {
  if (!(this instanceof Buffer))
    return new Buffer(subject, encoding, noZero)

  var type = typeof subject

  // Find the length
  var length
  if (type === 'number')
    length = subject > 0 ? subject >>> 0 : 0
  else if (type === 'string') {
    if (encoding === 'base64')
      subject = base64clean(subject)
    length = Buffer.byteLength(subject, encoding)
  } else if (type === 'object' && subject !== null) { // assume object is array-like
    if (subject.type === 'Buffer' && isArray(subject.data))
      subject = subject.data
    length = +subject.length > 0 ? Math.floor(+subject.length) : 0
  } else
    throw new TypeError('must start with number, buffer, array or string')

  if (this.length > kMaxLength)
    throw new RangeError('Attempt to allocate Buffer larger than maximum ' +
      'size: 0x' + kMaxLength.toString(16) + ' bytes')

  var buf
  if (Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT) {
    // Preferred: Return an augmented `Uint8Array` instance for best performance
    buf = Buffer._augment(new Uint8Array(length))
  } else {
    // Fallback: Return THIS instance of Buffer (created by `new`)
    buf = this
    buf.length = length
    buf._isBuffer = true
  }

  var i
  if (Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT && typeof subject.byteLength === 'number') {
    // Speed optimization -- use set if we're copying from a typed array
    buf._set(subject)
  } else if (isArrayish(subject)) {
    // Treat array-ish objects as a byte array
    if (Buffer.isBuffer(subject)) {
      for (i = 0; i < length; i++)
        buf[i] = subject.readUInt8(i)
    } else {
      for (i = 0; i < length; i++)
        buf[i] = ((subject[i] % 256) + 256) % 256
    }
  } else if (type === 'string') {
    buf.write(subject, 0, encoding)
  } else if (type === 'number' && !Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT && !noZero) {
    for (i = 0; i < length; i++) {
      buf[i] = 0
    }
  }

  return buf
}

Buffer.isBuffer = function (b) {
  return !!(b != null && b._isBuffer)
}

Buffer.compare = function (a, b) {
  if (!Buffer.isBuffer(a) || !Buffer.isBuffer(b))
    throw new TypeError('Arguments must be Buffers')

  var x = a.length
  var y = b.length
  for (var i = 0, len = Math.min(x, y); i < len && a[i] === b[i]; i++) {}
  if (i !== len) {
    x = a[i]
    y = b[i]
  }
  if (x < y) return -1
  if (y < x) return 1
  return 0
}

Buffer.isEncoding = function (encoding) {
  switch (String(encoding).toLowerCase()) {
    case 'hex':
    case 'utf8':
    case 'utf-8':
    case 'ascii':
    case 'binary':
    case 'base64':
    case 'raw':
    case 'ucs2':
    case 'ucs-2':
    case 'utf16le':
    case 'utf-16le':
      return true
    default:
      return false
  }
}

Buffer.concat = function (list, totalLength) {
  if (!isArray(list)) throw new TypeError('Usage: Buffer.concat(list[, length])')

  if (list.length === 0) {
    return new Buffer(0)
  } else if (list.length === 1) {
    return list[0]
  }

  var i
  if (totalLength === undefined) {
    totalLength = 0
    for (i = 0; i < list.length; i++) {
      totalLength += list[i].length
    }
  }

  var buf = new Buffer(totalLength)
  var pos = 0
  for (i = 0; i < list.length; i++) {
    var item = list[i]
    item.copy(buf, pos)
    pos += item.length
  }
  return buf
}

Buffer.byteLength = function (str, encoding) {
  var ret
  str = str + ''
  switch (encoding || 'utf8') {
    case 'ascii':
    case 'binary':
    case 'raw':
      ret = str.length
      break
    case 'ucs2':
    case 'ucs-2':
    case 'utf16le':
    case 'utf-16le':
      ret = str.length * 2
      break
    case 'hex':
      ret = str.length >>> 1
      break
    case 'utf8':
    case 'utf-8':
      ret = utf8ToBytes(str).length
      break
    case 'base64':
      ret = base64ToBytes(str).length
      break
    default:
      ret = str.length
  }
  return ret
}

// pre-set for values that may exist in the future
Buffer.prototype.length = undefined
Buffer.prototype.parent = undefined

// toString(encoding, start=0, end=buffer.length)
Buffer.prototype.toString = function (encoding, start, end) {
  var loweredCase = false

  start = start >>> 0
  end = end === undefined || end === Infinity ? this.length : end >>> 0

  if (!encoding) encoding = 'utf8'
  if (start < 0) start = 0
  if (end > this.length) end = this.length
  if (end <= start) return ''

  while (true) {
    switch (encoding) {
      case 'hex':
        return hexSlice(this, start, end)

      case 'utf8':
      case 'utf-8':
        return utf8Slice(this, start, end)

      case 'ascii':
        return asciiSlice(this, start, end)

      case 'binary':
        return binarySlice(this, start, end)

      case 'base64':
        return base64Slice(this, start, end)

      case 'ucs2':
      case 'ucs-2':
      case 'utf16le':
      case 'utf-16le':
        return utf16leSlice(this, start, end)

      default:
        if (loweredCase)
          throw new TypeError('Unknown encoding: ' + encoding)
        encoding = (encoding + '').toLowerCase()
        loweredCase = true
    }
  }
}

Buffer.prototype.equals = function (b) {
  if(!Buffer.isBuffer(b)) throw new TypeError('Argument must be a Buffer')
  return Buffer.compare(this, b) === 0
}

Buffer.prototype.inspect = function () {
  var str = ''
  var max = exports.INSPECT_MAX_BYTES
  if (this.length > 0) {
    str = this.toString('hex', 0, max).match(/.{2}/g).join(' ')
    if (this.length > max)
      str += ' ... '
  }
  return '<Buffer ' + str + '>'
}

Buffer.prototype.compare = function (b) {
  if (!Buffer.isBuffer(b)) throw new TypeError('Argument must be a Buffer')
  return Buffer.compare(this, b)
}

// `get` will be removed in Node 0.13+
Buffer.prototype.get = function (offset) {
  console.log('.get() is deprecated. Access using array indexes instead.')
  return this.readUInt8(offset)
}

// `set` will be removed in Node 0.13+
Buffer.prototype.set = function (v, offset) {
  console.log('.set() is deprecated. Access using array indexes instead.')
  return this.writeUInt8(v, offset)
}

function hexWrite (buf, string, offset, length) {
  offset = Number(offset) || 0
  var remaining = buf.length - offset
  if (!length) {
    length = remaining
  } else {
    length = Number(length)
    if (length > remaining) {
      length = remaining
    }
  }

  // must be an even number of digits
  var strLen = string.length
  if (strLen % 2 !== 0) throw new Error('Invalid hex string')

  if (length > strLen / 2) {
    length = strLen / 2
  }
  for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
    var byte = parseInt(string.substr(i * 2, 2), 16)
    if (isNaN(byte)) throw new Error('Invalid hex string')
    buf[offset + i] = byte
  }
  return i
}

function utf8Write (buf, string, offset, length) {
  var charsWritten = blitBuffer(utf8ToBytes(string), buf, offset, length)
  return charsWritten
}

function asciiWrite (buf, string, offset, length) {
  var charsWritten = blitBuffer(asciiToBytes(string), buf, offset, length)
  return charsWritten
}

function binaryWrite (buf, string, offset, length) {
  return asciiWrite(buf, string, offset, length)
}

function base64Write (buf, string, offset, length) {
  var charsWritten = blitBuffer(base64ToBytes(string), buf, offset, length)
  return charsWritten
}

function utf16leWrite (buf, string, offset, length) {
  var charsWritten = blitBuffer(utf16leToBytes(string), buf, offset, length, 2)
  return charsWritten
}

Buffer.prototype.write = function (string, offset, length, encoding) {
  // Support both (string, offset, length, encoding)
  // and the legacy (string, encoding, offset, length)
  if (isFinite(offset)) {
    if (!isFinite(length)) {
      encoding = length
      length = undefined
    }
  } else {  // legacy
    var swap = encoding
    encoding = offset
    offset = length
    length = swap
  }

  offset = Number(offset) || 0
  var remaining = this.length - offset
  if (!length) {
    length = remaining
  } else {
    length = Number(length)
    if (length > remaining) {
      length = remaining
    }
  }
  encoding = String(encoding || 'utf8').toLowerCase()

  var ret
  switch (encoding) {
    case 'hex':
      ret = hexWrite(this, string, offset, length)
      break
    case 'utf8':
    case 'utf-8':
      ret = utf8Write(this, string, offset, length)
      break
    case 'ascii':
      ret = asciiWrite(this, string, offset, length)
      break
    case 'binary':
      ret = binaryWrite(this, string, offset, length)
      break
    case 'base64':
      ret = base64Write(this, string, offset, length)
      break
    case 'ucs2':
    case 'ucs-2':
    case 'utf16le':
    case 'utf-16le':
      ret = utf16leWrite(this, string, offset, length)
      break
    default:
      throw new TypeError('Unknown encoding: ' + encoding)
  }
  return ret
}

Buffer.prototype.toJSON = function () {
  return {
    type: 'Buffer',
    data: Array.prototype.slice.call(this._arr || this, 0)
  }
}

function base64Slice (buf, start, end) {
  if (start === 0 && end === buf.length) {
    return base64.fromByteArray(buf)
  } else {
    return base64.fromByteArray(buf.slice(start, end))
  }
}

function utf8Slice (buf, start, end) {
  var res = ''
  var tmp = ''
  end = Math.min(buf.length, end)

  for (var i = start; i < end; i++) {
    if (buf[i] <= 0x7F) {
      res += decodeUtf8Char(tmp) + String.fromCharCode(buf[i])
      tmp = ''
    } else {
      tmp += '%' + buf[i].toString(16)
    }
  }

  return res + decodeUtf8Char(tmp)
}

function asciiSlice (buf, start, end) {
  var ret = ''
  end = Math.min(buf.length, end)

  for (var i = start; i < end; i++) {
    ret += String.fromCharCode(buf[i])
  }
  return ret
}

function binarySlice (buf, start, end) {
  return asciiSlice(buf, start, end)
}

function hexSlice (buf, start, end) {
  var len = buf.length

  if (!start || start < 0) start = 0
  if (!end || end < 0 || end > len) end = len

  var out = ''
  for (var i = start; i < end; i++) {
    out += toHex(buf[i])
  }
  return out
}

function utf16leSlice (buf, start, end) {
  var bytes = buf.slice(start, end)
  var res = ''
  for (var i = 0; i < bytes.length; i += 2) {
    res += String.fromCharCode(bytes[i] + bytes[i + 1] * 256)
  }
  return res
}

Buffer.prototype.slice = function (start, end) {
  var len = this.length
  start = ~~start
  end = end === undefined ? len : ~~end

  if (start < 0) {
    start += len;
    if (start < 0)
      start = 0
  } else if (start > len) {
    start = len
  }

  if (end < 0) {
    end += len
    if (end < 0)
      end = 0
  } else if (end > len) {
    end = len
  }

  if (end < start)
    end = start

  if (Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT) {
    return Buffer._augment(this.subarray(start, end))
  } else {
    var sliceLen = end - start
    var newBuf = new Buffer(sliceLen, undefined, true)
    for (var i = 0; i < sliceLen; i++) {
      newBuf[i] = this[i + start]
    }
    return newBuf
  }
}

/*
 * Need to make sure that buffer isn't trying to write out of bounds.
 */
function checkOffset (offset, ext, length) {
  if ((offset % 1) !== 0 || offset < 0)
    throw new RangeError('offset is not uint')
  if (offset + ext > length)
    throw new RangeError('Trying to access beyond buffer length')
}

Buffer.prototype.readUInt8 = function (offset, noAssert) {
  if (!noAssert)
    checkOffset(offset, 1, this.length)
  return this[offset]
}

Buffer.prototype.readUInt16LE = function (offset, noAssert) {
  if (!noAssert)
    checkOffset(offset, 2, this.length)
  return this[offset] | (this[offset + 1] << 8)
}

Buffer.prototype.readUInt16BE = function (offset, noAssert) {
  if (!noAssert)
    checkOffset(offset, 2, this.length)
  return (this[offset] << 8) | this[offset + 1]
}

Buffer.prototype.readUInt32LE = function (offset, noAssert) {
  if (!noAssert)
    checkOffset(offset, 4, this.length)

  return ((this[offset]) |
      (this[offset + 1] << 8) |
      (this[offset + 2] << 16)) +
      (this[offset + 3] * 0x1000000)
}

Buffer.prototype.readUInt32BE = function (offset, noAssert) {
  if (!noAssert)
    checkOffset(offset, 4, this.length)

  return (this[offset] * 0x1000000) +
      ((this[offset + 1] << 16) |
      (this[offset + 2] << 8) |
      this[offset + 3])
}

Buffer.prototype.readInt8 = function (offset, noAssert) {
  if (!noAssert)
    checkOffset(offset, 1, this.length)
  if (!(this[offset] & 0x80))
    return (this[offset])
  return ((0xff - this[offset] + 1) * -1)
}

Buffer.prototype.readInt16LE = function (offset, noAssert) {
  if (!noAssert)
    checkOffset(offset, 2, this.length)
  var val = this[offset] | (this[offset + 1] << 8)
  return (val & 0x8000) ? val | 0xFFFF0000 : val
}

Buffer.prototype.readInt16BE = function (offset, noAssert) {
  if (!noAssert)
    checkOffset(offset, 2, this.length)
  var val = this[offset + 1] | (this[offset] << 8)
  return (val & 0x8000) ? val | 0xFFFF0000 : val
}

Buffer.prototype.readInt32LE = function (offset, noAssert) {
  if (!noAssert)
    checkOffset(offset, 4, this.length)

  return (this[offset]) |
      (this[offset + 1] << 8) |
      (this[offset + 2] << 16) |
      (this[offset + 3] << 24)
}

Buffer.prototype.readInt32BE = function (offset, noAssert) {
  if (!noAssert)
    checkOffset(offset, 4, this.length)

  return (this[offset] << 24) |
      (this[offset + 1] << 16) |
      (this[offset + 2] << 8) |
      (this[offset + 3])
}

Buffer.prototype.readFloatLE = function (offset, noAssert) {
  if (!noAssert)
    checkOffset(offset, 4, this.length)
  return ieee754.read(this, offset, true, 23, 4)
}

Buffer.prototype.readFloatBE = function (offset, noAssert) {
  if (!noAssert)
    checkOffset(offset, 4, this.length)
  return ieee754.read(this, offset, false, 23, 4)
}

Buffer.prototype.readDoubleLE = function (offset, noAssert) {
  if (!noAssert)
    checkOffset(offset, 8, this.length)
  return ieee754.read(this, offset, true, 52, 8)
}

Buffer.prototype.readDoubleBE = function (offset, noAssert) {
  if (!noAssert)
    checkOffset(offset, 8, this.length)
  return ieee754.read(this, offset, false, 52, 8)
}

function checkInt (buf, value, offset, ext, max, min) {
  if (!Buffer.isBuffer(buf)) throw new TypeError('buffer must be a Buffer instance')
  if (value > max || value < min) throw new TypeError('value is out of bounds')
  if (offset + ext > buf.length) throw new TypeError('index out of range')
}

Buffer.prototype.writeUInt8 = function (value, offset, noAssert) {
  value = +value
  offset = offset >>> 0
  if (!noAssert)
    checkInt(this, value, offset, 1, 0xff, 0)
  if (!Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT) value = Math.floor(value)
  this[offset] = value
  return offset + 1
}

function objectWriteUInt16 (buf, value, offset, littleEndian) {
  if (value < 0) value = 0xffff + value + 1
  for (var i = 0, j = Math.min(buf.length - offset, 2); i < j; i++) {
    buf[offset + i] = (value & (0xff << (8 * (littleEndian ? i : 1 - i)))) >>>
      (littleEndian ? i : 1 - i) * 8
  }
}

Buffer.prototype.writeUInt16LE = function (value, offset, noAssert) {
  value = +value
  offset = offset >>> 0
  if (!noAssert)
    checkInt(this, value, offset, 2, 0xffff, 0)
  if (Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT) {
    this[offset] = value
    this[offset + 1] = (value >>> 8)
  } else objectWriteUInt16(this, value, offset, true)
  return offset + 2
}

Buffer.prototype.writeUInt16BE = function (value, offset, noAssert) {
  value = +value
  offset = offset >>> 0
  if (!noAssert)
    checkInt(this, value, offset, 2, 0xffff, 0)
  if (Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT) {
    this[offset] = (value >>> 8)
    this[offset + 1] = value
  } else objectWriteUInt16(this, value, offset, false)
  return offset + 2
}

function objectWriteUInt32 (buf, value, offset, littleEndian) {
  if (value < 0) value = 0xffffffff + value + 1
  for (var i = 0, j = Math.min(buf.length - offset, 4); i < j; i++) {
    buf[offset + i] = (value >>> (littleEndian ? i : 3 - i) * 8) & 0xff
  }
}

Buffer.prototype.writeUInt32LE = function (value, offset, noAssert) {
  value = +value
  offset = offset >>> 0
  if (!noAssert)
    checkInt(this, value, offset, 4, 0xffffffff, 0)
  if (Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT) {
    this[offset + 3] = (value >>> 24)
    this[offset + 2] = (value >>> 16)
    this[offset + 1] = (value >>> 8)
    this[offset] = value
  } else objectWriteUInt32(this, value, offset, true)
  return offset + 4
}

Buffer.prototype.writeUInt32BE = function (value, offset, noAssert) {
  value = +value
  offset = offset >>> 0
  if (!noAssert)
    checkInt(this, value, offset, 4, 0xffffffff, 0)
  if (Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT) {
    this[offset] = (value >>> 24)
    this[offset + 1] = (value >>> 16)
    this[offset + 2] = (value >>> 8)
    this[offset + 3] = value
  } else objectWriteUInt32(this, value, offset, false)
  return offset + 4
}

Buffer.prototype.writeInt8 = function (value, offset, noAssert) {
  value = +value
  offset = offset >>> 0
  if (!noAssert)
    checkInt(this, value, offset, 1, 0x7f, -0x80)
  if (!Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT) value = Math.floor(value)
  if (value < 0) value = 0xff + value + 1
  this[offset] = value
  return offset + 1
}

Buffer.prototype.writeInt16LE = function (value, offset, noAssert) {
  value = +value
  offset = offset >>> 0
  if (!noAssert)
    checkInt(this, value, offset, 2, 0x7fff, -0x8000)
  if (Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT) {
    this[offset] = value
    this[offset + 1] = (value >>> 8)
  } else objectWriteUInt16(this, value, offset, true)
  return offset + 2
}

Buffer.prototype.writeInt16BE = function (value, offset, noAssert) {
  value = +value
  offset = offset >>> 0
  if (!noAssert)
    checkInt(this, value, offset, 2, 0x7fff, -0x8000)
  if (Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT) {
    this[offset] = (value >>> 8)
    this[offset + 1] = value
  } else objectWriteUInt16(this, value, offset, false)
  return offset + 2
}

Buffer.prototype.writeInt32LE = function (value, offset, noAssert) {
  value = +value
  offset = offset >>> 0
  if (!noAssert)
    checkInt(this, value, offset, 4, 0x7fffffff, -0x80000000)
  if (Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT) {
    this[offset] = value
    this[offset + 1] = (value >>> 8)
    this[offset + 2] = (value >>> 16)
    this[offset + 3] = (value >>> 24)
  } else objectWriteUInt32(this, value, offset, true)
  return offset + 4
}

Buffer.prototype.writeInt32BE = function (value, offset, noAssert) {
  value = +value
  offset = offset >>> 0
  if (!noAssert)
    checkInt(this, value, offset, 4, 0x7fffffff, -0x80000000)
  if (value < 0) value = 0xffffffff + value + 1
  if (Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT) {
    this[offset] = (value >>> 24)
    this[offset + 1] = (value >>> 16)
    this[offset + 2] = (value >>> 8)
    this[offset + 3] = value
  } else objectWriteUInt32(this, value, offset, false)
  return offset + 4
}

function checkIEEE754 (buf, value, offset, ext, max, min) {
  if (value > max || value < min) throw new TypeError('value is out of bounds')
  if (offset + ext > buf.length) throw new TypeError('index out of range')
}

function writeFloat (buf, value, offset, littleEndian, noAssert) {
  if (!noAssert)
    checkIEEE754(buf, value, offset, 4, 3.4028234663852886e+38, -3.4028234663852886e+38)
  ieee754.write(buf, value, offset, littleEndian, 23, 4)
  return offset + 4
}

Buffer.prototype.writeFloatLE = function (value, offset, noAssert) {
  return writeFloat(this, value, offset, true, noAssert)
}

Buffer.prototype.writeFloatBE = function (value, offset, noAssert) {
  return writeFloat(this, value, offset, false, noAssert)
}

function writeDouble (buf, value, offset, littleEndian, noAssert) {
  if (!noAssert)
    checkIEEE754(buf, value, offset, 8, 1.7976931348623157E+308, -1.7976931348623157E+308)
  ieee754.write(buf, value, offset, littleEndian, 52, 8)
  return offset + 8
}

Buffer.prototype.writeDoubleLE = function (value, offset, noAssert) {
  return writeDouble(this, value, offset, true, noAssert)
}

Buffer.prototype.writeDoubleBE = function (value, offset, noAssert) {
  return writeDouble(this, value, offset, false, noAssert)
}

// copy(targetBuffer, targetStart=0, sourceStart=0, sourceEnd=buffer.length)
Buffer.prototype.copy = function (target, target_start, start, end) {
  var source = this

  if (!start) start = 0
  if (!end && end !== 0) end = this.length
  if (!target_start) target_start = 0

  // Copy 0 bytes; we're done
  if (end === start) return
  if (target.length === 0 || source.length === 0) return

  // Fatal error conditions
  if (end < start) throw new TypeError('sourceEnd < sourceStart')
  if (target_start < 0 || target_start >= target.length)
    throw new TypeError('targetStart out of bounds')
  if (start < 0 || start >= source.length) throw new TypeError('sourceStart out of bounds')
  if (end < 0 || end > source.length) throw new TypeError('sourceEnd out of bounds')

  // Are we oob?
  if (end > this.length)
    end = this.length
  if (target.length - target_start < end - start)
    end = target.length - target_start + start

  var len = end - start

  if (len < 1000 || !Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT) {
    for (var i = 0; i < len; i++) {
      target[i + target_start] = this[i + start]
    }
  } else {
    target._set(this.subarray(start, start + len), target_start)
  }
}

// fill(value, start=0, end=buffer.length)
Buffer.prototype.fill = function (value, start, end) {
  if (!value) value = 0
  if (!start) start = 0
  if (!end) end = this.length

  if (end < start) throw new TypeError('end < start')

  // Fill 0 bytes; we're done
  if (end === start) return
  if (this.length === 0) return

  if (start < 0 || start >= this.length) throw new TypeError('start out of bounds')
  if (end < 0 || end > this.length) throw new TypeError('end out of bounds')

  var i
  if (typeof value === 'number') {
    for (i = start; i < end; i++) {
      this[i] = value
    }
  } else {
    var bytes = utf8ToBytes(value.toString())
    var len = bytes.length
    for (i = start; i < end; i++) {
      this[i] = bytes[i % len]
    }
  }

  return this
}

/**
 * Creates a new `ArrayBuffer` with the *copied* memory of the buffer instance.
 * Added in Node 0.12. Only available in browsers that support ArrayBuffer.
 */
Buffer.prototype.toArrayBuffer = function () {
  if (typeof Uint8Array !== 'undefined') {
    if (Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT) {
      return (new Buffer(this)).buffer
    } else {
      var buf = new Uint8Array(this.length)
      for (var i = 0, len = buf.length; i < len; i += 1) {
        buf[i] = this[i]
      }
      return buf.buffer
    }
  } else {
    throw new TypeError('Buffer.toArrayBuffer not supported in this browser')
  }
}

// HELPER FUNCTIONS
// ================

var BP = Buffer.prototype

/**
 * Augment a Uint8Array *instance* (not the Uint8Array class!) with Buffer methods
 */
Buffer._augment = function (arr) {
  arr.constructor = Buffer
  arr._isBuffer = true

  // save reference to original Uint8Array get/set methods before overwriting
  arr._get = arr.get
  arr._set = arr.set

  // deprecated, will be removed in node 0.13+
  arr.get = BP.get
  arr.set = BP.set

  arr.write = BP.write
  arr.toString = BP.toString
  arr.toLocaleString = BP.toString
  arr.toJSON = BP.toJSON
  arr.equals = BP.equals
  arr.compare = BP.compare
  arr.copy = BP.copy
  arr.slice = BP.slice
  arr.readUInt8 = BP.readUInt8
  arr.readUInt16LE = BP.readUInt16LE
  arr.readUInt16BE = BP.readUInt16BE
  arr.readUInt32LE = BP.readUInt32LE
  arr.readUInt32BE = BP.readUInt32BE
  arr.readInt8 = BP.readInt8
  arr.readInt16LE = BP.readInt16LE
  arr.readInt16BE = BP.readInt16BE
  arr.readInt32LE = BP.readInt32LE
  arr.readInt32BE = BP.readInt32BE
  arr.readFloatLE = BP.readFloatLE
  arr.readFloatBE = BP.readFloatBE
  arr.readDoubleLE = BP.readDoubleLE
  arr.readDoubleBE = BP.readDoubleBE
  arr.writeUInt8 = BP.writeUInt8
  arr.writeUInt16LE = BP.writeUInt16LE
  arr.writeUInt16BE = BP.writeUInt16BE
  arr.writeUInt32LE = BP.writeUInt32LE
  arr.writeUInt32BE = BP.writeUInt32BE
  arr.writeInt8 = BP.writeInt8
  arr.writeInt16LE = BP.writeInt16LE
  arr.writeInt16BE = BP.writeInt16BE
  arr.writeInt32LE = BP.writeInt32LE
  arr.writeInt32BE = BP.writeInt32BE
  arr.writeFloatLE = BP.writeFloatLE
  arr.writeFloatBE = BP.writeFloatBE
  arr.writeDoubleLE = BP.writeDoubleLE
  arr.writeDoubleBE = BP.writeDoubleBE
  arr.fill = BP.fill
  arr.inspect = BP.inspect
  arr.toArrayBuffer = BP.toArrayBuffer

  return arr
}

var INVALID_BASE64_RE = /[^+\/0-9A-z]/g

function base64clean (str) {
  // Node strips out invalid characters like \n and \t from the string, base64-js does not
  str = stringtrim(str).replace(INVALID_BASE64_RE, '')
  // Node allows for non-padded base64 strings (missing trailing ===), base64-js does not
  while (str.length % 4 !== 0) {
    str = str + '='
  }
  return str
}

function stringtrim (str) {
  if (str.trim) return str.trim()
  return str.replace(/^\s+|\s+$/g, '')
}

function isArrayish (subject) {
  return isArray(subject) || Buffer.isBuffer(subject) ||
      subject && typeof subject === 'object' &&
      typeof subject.length === 'number'
}

function toHex (n) {
  if (n < 16) return '0' + n.toString(16)
  return n.toString(16)
}

function utf8ToBytes (str) {
  var byteArray = []
  for (var i = 0; i < str.length; i++) {
    var b = str.charCodeAt(i)
    if (b <= 0x7F) {
      byteArray.push(b)
    } else {
      var start = i
      if (b >= 0xD800 && b <= 0xDFFF) i++
      var h = encodeURIComponent(str.slice(start, i+1)).substr(1).split('%')
      for (var j = 0; j < h.length; j++) {
        byteArray.push(parseInt(h[j], 16))
      }
    }
  }
  return byteArray
}

function asciiToBytes (str) {
  var byteArray = []
  for (var i = 0; i < str.length; i++) {
    // Node's code seems to be doing this and not & 0x7F..
    byteArray.push(str.charCodeAt(i) & 0xFF)
  }
  return byteArray
}

function utf16leToBytes (str) {
  var c, hi, lo
  var byteArray = []
  for (var i = 0; i < str.length; i++) {
    c = str.charCodeAt(i)
    hi = c >> 8
    lo = c % 256
    byteArray.push(lo)
    byteArray.push(hi)
  }

  return byteArray
}

function base64ToBytes (str) {
  return base64.toByteArray(str)
}

function blitBuffer (src, dst, offset, length, unitSize) {
  if (unitSize) length -= length % unitSize;
  for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
    if ((i + offset >= dst.length) || (i >= src.length))
      break
    dst[i + offset] = src[i]
  }
  return i
}

function decodeUtf8Char (str) {
  try {
    return decodeURIComponent(str)
  } catch (err) {
    return String.fromCharCode(0xFFFD) // UTF 8 invalid char
  }
}

},{"base64-js":80,"ieee754":81,"is-array":82}],80:[function(require,module,exports){
var lookup = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/';

;(function (exports) {
	'use strict';

  var Arr = (typeof Uint8Array !== 'undefined')
    ? Uint8Array
    : Array

	var PLUS   = '+'.charCodeAt(0)
	var SLASH  = '/'.charCodeAt(0)
	var NUMBER = '0'.charCodeAt(0)
	var LOWER  = 'a'.charCodeAt(0)
	var UPPER  = 'A'.charCodeAt(0)

	function decode (elt) {
		var code = elt.charCodeAt(0)
		if (code === PLUS)
			return 62 // '+'
		if (code === SLASH)
			return 63 // '/'
		if (code < NUMBER)
			return -1 //no match
		if (code < NUMBER + 10)
			return code - NUMBER + 26 + 26
		if (code < UPPER + 26)
			return code - UPPER
		if (code < LOWER + 26)
			return code - LOWER + 26
	}

	function b64ToByteArray (b64) {
		var i, j, l, tmp, placeHolders, arr

		if (b64.length % 4 > 0) {
			throw new Error('Invalid string. Length must be a multiple of 4')
		}

		// the number of equal signs (place holders)
		// if there are two placeholders, than the two characters before it
		// represent one byte
		// if there is only one, then the three characters before it represent 2 bytes
		// this is just a cheap hack to not do indexOf twice
		var len = b64.length
		placeHolders = '=' === b64.charAt(len - 2) ? 2 : '=' === b64.charAt(len - 1) ? 1 : 0

		// base64 is 4/3 + up to two characters of the original data
		arr = new Arr(b64.length * 3 / 4 - placeHolders)

		// if there are placeholders, only get up to the last complete 4 chars
		l = placeHolders > 0 ? b64.length - 4 : b64.length

		var L = 0

		function push (v) {
			arr[L++] = v
		}

		for (i = 0, j = 0; i < l; i += 4, j += 3) {
			tmp = (decode(b64.charAt(i)) << 18) | (decode(b64.charAt(i + 1)) << 12) | (decode(b64.charAt(i + 2)) << 6) | decode(b64.charAt(i + 3))
			push((tmp & 0xFF0000) >> 16)
			push((tmp & 0xFF00) >> 8)
			push(tmp & 0xFF)
		}

		if (placeHolders === 2) {
			tmp = (decode(b64.charAt(i)) << 2) | (decode(b64.charAt(i + 1)) >> 4)
			push(tmp & 0xFF)
		} else if (placeHolders === 1) {
			tmp = (decode(b64.charAt(i)) << 10) | (decode(b64.charAt(i + 1)) << 4) | (decode(b64.charAt(i + 2)) >> 2)
			push((tmp >> 8) & 0xFF)
			push(tmp & 0xFF)
		}

		return arr
	}

	function uint8ToBase64 (uint8) {
		var i,
			extraBytes = uint8.length % 3, // if we have 1 byte left, pad 2 bytes
			output = "",
			temp, length

		function encode (num) {
			return lookup.charAt(num)
		}

		function tripletToBase64 (num) {
			return encode(num >> 18 & 0x3F) + encode(num >> 12 & 0x3F) + encode(num >> 6 & 0x3F) + encode(num & 0x3F)
		}

		// go through the array every three bytes, we'll deal with trailing stuff later
		for (i = 0, length = uint8.length - extraBytes; i < length; i += 3) {
			temp = (uint8[i] << 16) + (uint8[i + 1] << 8) + (uint8[i + 2])
			output += tripletToBase64(temp)
		}

		// pad the end with zeros, but make sure to not forget the extra bytes
		switch (extraBytes) {
			case 1:
				temp = uint8[uint8.length - 1]
				output += encode(temp >> 2)
				output += encode((temp << 4) & 0x3F)
				output += '=='
				break
			case 2:
				temp = (uint8[uint8.length - 2] << 8) + (uint8[uint8.length - 1])
				output += encode(temp >> 10)
				output += encode((temp >> 4) & 0x3F)
				output += encode((temp << 2) & 0x3F)
				output += '='
				break
		}

		return output
	}

	exports.toByteArray = b64ToByteArray
	exports.fromByteArray = uint8ToBase64
}(typeof exports === 'undefined' ? (this.base64js = {}) : exports))

},{}],81:[function(require,module,exports){
exports.read = function(buffer, offset, isLE, mLen, nBytes) {
  var e, m,
      eLen = nBytes * 8 - mLen - 1,
      eMax = (1 << eLen) - 1,
      eBias = eMax >> 1,
      nBits = -7,
      i = isLE ? (nBytes - 1) : 0,
      d = isLE ? -1 : 1,
      s = buffer[offset + i];

  i += d;

  e = s & ((1 << (-nBits)) - 1);
  s >>= (-nBits);
  nBits += eLen;
  for (; nBits > 0; e = e * 256 + buffer[offset + i], i += d, nBits -= 8);

  m = e & ((1 << (-nBits)) - 1);
  e >>= (-nBits);
  nBits += mLen;
  for (; nBits > 0; m = m * 256 + buffer[offset + i], i += d, nBits -= 8);

  if (e === 0) {
    e = 1 - eBias;
  } else if (e === eMax) {
    return m ? NaN : ((s ? -1 : 1) * Infinity);
  } else {
    m = m + Math.pow(2, mLen);
    e = e - eBias;
  }
  return (s ? -1 : 1) * m * Math.pow(2, e - mLen);
};

exports.write = function(buffer, value, offset, isLE, mLen, nBytes) {
  var e, m, c,
      eLen = nBytes * 8 - mLen - 1,
      eMax = (1 << eLen) - 1,
      eBias = eMax >> 1,
      rt = (mLen === 23 ? Math.pow(2, -24) - Math.pow(2, -77) : 0),
      i = isLE ? 0 : (nBytes - 1),
      d = isLE ? 1 : -1,
      s = value < 0 || (value === 0 && 1 / value < 0) ? 1 : 0;

  value = Math.abs(value);

  if (isNaN(value) || value === Infinity) {
    m = isNaN(value) ? 1 : 0;
    e = eMax;
  } else {
    e = Math.floor(Math.log(value) / Math.LN2);
    if (value * (c = Math.pow(2, -e)) < 1) {
      e--;
      c *= 2;
    }
    if (e + eBias >= 1) {
      value += rt / c;
    } else {
      value += rt * Math.pow(2, 1 - eBias);
    }
    if (value * c >= 2) {
      e++;
      c /= 2;
    }

    if (e + eBias >= eMax) {
      m = 0;
      e = eMax;
    } else if (e + eBias >= 1) {
      m = (value * c - 1) * Math.pow(2, mLen);
      e = e + eBias;
    } else {
      m = value * Math.pow(2, eBias - 1) * Math.pow(2, mLen);
      e = 0;
    }
  }

  for (; mLen >= 8; buffer[offset + i] = m & 0xff, i += d, m /= 256, mLen -= 8);

  e = (e << mLen) | m;
  eLen += mLen;
  for (; eLen > 0; buffer[offset + i] = e & 0xff, i += d, e /= 256, eLen -= 8);

  buffer[offset + i - d] |= s * 128;
};

},{}],82:[function(require,module,exports){

/**
 * isArray
 */

var isArray = Array.isArray;

/**
 * toString
 */

var str = Object.prototype.toString;

/**
 * Whether or not the given `val`
 * is an array.
 *
 * example:
 *
 *        isArray([]);
 *        // > true
 *        isArray(arguments);
 *        // > false
 *        isArray('');
 *        // > false
 *
 * @param {mixed} val
 * @return {bool}
 */

module.exports = isArray || function (val) {
  return !! val && '[object Array]' == str.call(val);
};

},{}],83:[function(require,module,exports){
// Copyright Joyent, Inc. and other Node contributors.
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
// copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
// "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
// without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
// distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit
// persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the
// following conditions:
//
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
// in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
//
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
// OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
// MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN
// NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM,
// DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR
// OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE
// USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

function EventEmitter() {
  this._events = this._events || {};
  this._maxListeners = this._maxListeners || undefined;
}
module.exports = EventEmitter;

// Backwards-compat with node 0.10.x
EventEmitter.EventEmitter = EventEmitter;

EventEmitter.prototype._events = undefined;
EventEmitter.prototype._maxListeners = undefined;

// By default EventEmitters will print a warning if more than 10 listeners are
// added to it. This is a useful default which helps finding memory leaks.
EventEmitter.defaultMaxListeners = 10;

// Obviously not all Emitters should be limited to 10. This function allows
// that to be increased. Set to zero for unlimited.
EventEmitter.prototype.setMaxListeners = function(n) {
  if (!isNumber(n) || n < 0 || isNaN(n))
    throw TypeError('n must be a positive number');
  this._maxListeners = n;
  return this;
};

EventEmitter.prototype.emit = function(type) {
  var er, handler, len, args, i, listeners;

  if (!this._events)
    this._events = {};

  // If there is no 'error' event listener then throw.
  if (type === 'error') {
    if (!this._events.error ||
        (isObject(this._events.error) && !this._events.error.length)) {
      er = arguments[1];
      if (er instanceof Error) {
        throw er; // Unhandled 'error' event
      }
      throw TypeError('Uncaught, unspecified "error" event.');
    }
  }

  handler = this._events[type];

  if (isUndefined(handler))
    return false;

  if (isFunction(handler)) {
    switch (arguments.length) {
      // fast cases
      case 1:
        handler.call(this);
        break;
      case 2:
        handler.call(this, arguments[1]);
        break;
      case 3:
        handler.call(this, arguments[1], arguments[2]);
        break;
      // slower
      default:
        len = arguments.length;
        args = new Array(len - 1);
        for (i = 1; i < len; i++)
          args[i - 1] = arguments[i];
        handler.apply(this, args);
    }
  } else if (isObject(handler)) {
    len = arguments.length;
    args = new Array(len - 1);
    for (i = 1; i < len; i++)
      args[i - 1] = arguments[i];

    listeners = handler.slice();
    len = listeners.length;
    for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
      listeners[i].apply(this, args);
  }

  return true;
};

EventEmitter.prototype.addListener = function(type, listener) {
  var m;

  if (!isFunction(listener))
    throw TypeError('listener must be a function');

  if (!this._events)
    this._events = {};

  // To avoid recursion in the case that type === "newListener"! Before
  // adding it to the listeners, first emit "newListener".
  if (this._events.newListener)
    this.emit('newListener', type,
              isFunction(listener.listener) ?
              listener.listener : listener);

  if (!this._events[type])
    // Optimize the case of one listener. Don't need the extra array object.
    this._events[type] = listener;
  else if (isObject(this._events[type]))
    // If we've already got an array, just append.
    this._events[type].push(listener);
  else
    // Adding the second element, need to change to array.
    this._events[type] = [this._events[type], listener];

  // Check for listener leak
  if (isObject(this._events[type]) && !this._events[type].warned) {
    var m;
    if (!isUndefined(this._maxListeners)) {
      m = this._maxListeners;
    } else {
      m = EventEmitter.defaultMaxListeners;
    }

    if (m && m > 0 && this._events[type].length > m) {
      this._events[type].warned = true;
      console.error('(node) warning: possible EventEmitter memory ' +
                    'leak detected. %d listeners added. ' +
                    'Use emitter.setMaxListeners() to increase limit.',
                    this._events[type].length);
      if (typeof console.trace === 'function') {
        // not supported in IE 10
        console.trace();
      }
    }
  }

  return this;
};

EventEmitter.prototype.on = EventEmitter.prototype.addListener;

EventEmitter.prototype.once = function(type, listener) {
  if (!isFunction(listener))
    throw TypeError('listener must be a function');

  var fired = false;

  function g() {
    this.removeListener(type, g);

    if (!fired) {
      fired = true;
      listener.apply(this, arguments);
    }
  }

  g.listener = listener;
  this.on(type, g);

  return this;
};

// emits a 'removeListener' event iff the listener was removed
EventEmitter.prototype.removeListener = function(type, listener) {
  var list, position, length, i;

  if (!isFunction(listener))
    throw TypeError('listener must be a function');

  if (!this._events || !this._events[type])
    return this;

  list = this._events[type];
  length = list.length;
  position = -1;

  if (list === listener ||
      (isFunction(list.listener) && list.listener === listener)) {
    delete this._events[type];
    if (this._events.removeListener)
      this.emit('removeListener', type, listener);

  } else if (isObject(list)) {
    for (i = length; i-- > 0;) {
      if (list[i] === listener ||
          (list[i].listener && list[i].listener === listener)) {
        position = i;
        break;
      }
    }

    if (position < 0)
      return this;

    if (list.length === 1) {
      list.length = 0;
      delete this._events[type];
    } else {
      list.splice(position, 1);
    }

    if (this._events.removeListener)
      this.emit('removeListener', type, listener);
  }

  return this;
};

EventEmitter.prototype.removeAllListeners = function(type) {
  var key, listeners;

  if (!this._events)
    return this;

  // not listening for removeListener, no need to emit
  if (!this._events.removeListener) {
    if (arguments.length === 0)
      this._events = {};
    else if (this._events[type])
      delete this._events[type];
    return this;
  }

  // emit removeListener for all listeners on all events
  if (arguments.length === 0) {
    for (key in this._events) {
      if (key === 'removeListener') continue;
      this.removeAllListeners(key);
    }
    this.removeAllListeners('removeListener');
    this._events = {};
    return this;
  }

  listeners = this._events[type];

  if (isFunction(listeners)) {
    this.removeListener(type, listeners);
  } else {
    // LIFO order
    while (listeners.length)
      this.removeListener(type, listeners[listeners.length - 1]);
  }
  delete this._events[type];

  return this;
};

EventEmitter.prototype.listeners = function(type) {
  var ret;
  if (!this._events || !this._events[type])
    ret = [];
  else if (isFunction(this._events[type]))
    ret = [this._events[type]];
  else
    ret = this._events[type].slice();
  return ret;
};

EventEmitter.listenerCount = function(emitter, type) {
  var ret;
  if (!emitter._events || !emitter._events[type])
    ret = 0;
  else if (isFunction(emitter._events[type]))
    ret = 1;
  else
    ret = emitter._events[type].length;
  return ret;
};

function isFunction(arg) {
  return typeof arg === 'function';
}

function isNumber(arg) {
  return typeof arg === 'number';
}

function isObject(arg) {
  return typeof arg === 'object' && arg !== null;
}

function isUndefined(arg) {
  return arg === void 0;
}

},{}],84:[function(require,module,exports){
// shim for using process in browser

var process = module.exports = {};

process.nextTick = (function () {
    var canSetImmediate = typeof window !== 'undefined'
    && window.setImmediate;
    var canPost = typeof window !== 'undefined'
    && window.postMessage && window.addEventListener
    ;

    if (canSetImmediate) {
        return function (f) { return window.setImmediate(f) };
    }

    if (canPost) {
        var queue = [];
        window.addEventListener('message', function (ev) {
            var source = ev.source;
            if ((source === window || source === null) && ev.data === 'process-tick') {
                ev.stopPropagation();
                if (queue.length > 0) {
                    var fn = queue.shift();
                    fn();
                }
            }
        }, true);

        return function nextTick(fn) {
            queue.push(fn);
            window.postMessage('process-tick', '*');
        };
    }

    return function nextTick(fn) {
        setTimeout(fn, 0);
    };
})();

process.title = 'browser';
process.browser = true;
process.env = {};
process.argv = [];

function noop() {}

process.on = noop;
process.addListener = noop;
process.once = noop;
process.off = noop;
process.removeListener = noop;
process.removeAllListeners = noop;
process.emit = noop;

process.binding = function (name) {
    throw new Error('process.binding is not supported');
}

// TODO(shtylman)
process.cwd = function () { return '/' };
process.chdir = function (dir) {
    throw new Error('process.chdir is not supported');
};

},{}],85:[function(require,module,exports){
// Copyright Joyent, Inc. and other Node contributors.
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
// copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
// "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
// without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
// distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit
// persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the
// following conditions:
//
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
// in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
//
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
// OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
// MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN
// NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM,
// DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR
// OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE
// USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

module.exports = Stream;

var EE = require('events').EventEmitter;
var inherits = require('inherits');

inherits(Stream, EE);
Stream.Readable = require('readable-stream/readable.js');
Stream.Writable = require('readable-stream/writable.js');
Stream.Duplex = require('readable-stream/duplex.js');
Stream.Transform = require('readable-stream/transform.js');
Stream.PassThrough = require('readable-stream/passthrough.js');

// Backwards-compat with node 0.4.x
Stream.Stream = Stream;



// old-style streams.  Note that the pipe method (the only relevant
// part of this class) is overridden in the Readable class.

function Stream() {
  EE.call(this);
}

Stream.prototype.pipe = function(dest, options) {
  var source = this;

  function ondata(chunk) {
    if (dest.writable) {
      if (false === dest.write(chunk) && source.pause) {
        source.pause();
      }
    }
  }

  source.on('data', ondata);

  function ondrain() {
    if (source.readable && source.resume) {
      source.resume();
    }
  }

  dest.on('drain', ondrain);

  // If the 'end' option is not supplied, dest.end() will be called when
  // source gets the 'end' or 'close' events.  Only dest.end() once.
  if (!dest._isStdio && (!options || options.end !== false)) {
    source.on('end', onend);
    source.on('close', onclose);
  }

  var didOnEnd = false;
  function onend() {
    if (didOnEnd) return;
    didOnEnd = true;

    dest.end();
  }


  function onclose() {
    if (didOnEnd) return;
    didOnEnd = true;

    if (typeof dest.destroy === 'function') dest.destroy();
  }

  // don't leave dangling pipes when there are errors.
  function onerror(er) {
    cleanup();
    if (EE.listenerCount(this, 'error') === 0) {
      throw er; // Unhandled stream error in pipe.
    }
  }

  source.on('error', onerror);
  dest.on('error', onerror);

  // remove all the event listeners that were added.
  function cleanup() {
    source.removeListener('data', ondata);
    dest.removeListener('drain', ondrain);

    source.removeListener('end', onend);
    source.removeListener('close', onclose);

    source.removeListener('error', onerror);
    dest.removeListener('error', onerror);

    source.removeListener('end', cleanup);
    source.removeListener('close', cleanup);

    dest.removeListener('close', cleanup);
  }

  source.on('end', cleanup);
  source.on('close', cleanup);

  dest.on('close', cleanup);

  dest.emit('pipe', source);

  // Allow for unix-like usage: A.pipe(B).pipe(C)
  return dest;
};

},{"events":83,"inherits":87,"readable-stream/duplex.js":89,"readable-stream/passthrough.js":98,"readable-stream/readable.js":99,"readable-stream/transform.js":100,"readable-stream/writable.js":101}],86:[function(require,module,exports){
// Generic Pool Redux
//
// Fork of https://github.com/coopernurse/node-pool
// with prototypes, api changes, and support for the client.
// License: MIT
// ------------------------------------------------
(function(define) {

"use strict";

define(function(require, exports, module) {

  // Initialize arrays to hold queue elements.
  var PriorityQueue = function(size) {
    this.slots = [];
    this.queueSize = Math.max(+size | 0, 1);
    for (var i = 0; i < this.queueSize; i += 1) {
      this.slots.push([]);
    }
  };

  PriorityQueue.prototype = {

    total: null,

    // Calculates the size of the queue, and sets
    // the value to total.
    size: function() {
      if (this.total === null) {
        this.total = 0;
        for (var i = 0; i < this.queueSize; i += 1) {
          this.total += this.slots[i].length;
        }
      }
      return this.total;
    },

    // Clears the cache for total and adds an
    // object to the queue, based on an optional priority.
    enqueue: function(obj, priority) {
      priority = priority && +priority | 0 || 0;
      this.total = null;
      if (priority) {
        var priorityOrig = priority;
        if (priority < 0 || priority >= this.queueSize) {
          priority = (this.size - 1);
        }
      }
      this.slots[priority].push(obj);
    },

    // Clears the cache for total and removes an object
    // from the queue.
    dequeue: function() {
      var obj = null, i, sl = this.slots.length;
      this.total = null;
      for (i = 0; i < sl; i += 1) {
        if (this.slots[i].length) {
          obj = this.slots[i].shift();
          break;
        }
      }
      return obj;
    }

  };

  // Constructor for a new pool.
  var Pool = function(options) {
    if (!(this instanceof Pool)) return new Pool(options);
    this.idleTimeoutMillis = options.idleTimeoutMillis  || 30000;
    this.reapInterval      = options.reapIntervalMillis || 1000;
    this.destroyHandler    = options.destroy || function() {};
    this.refreshIdle       = ('refreshIdle' in options) ? options.refreshIdle : true;
    this.availableObjects  = [];
    this.waitingClients    = new PriorityQueue(options.priorityRange || 1);
    this.create            = options.create || (function() {
      throw new Error('A create method must be defined for the connection pool.');
    })();

    // If a validate method is provided, use that instead of the default.
    if (options.validate) this.validate = options.validate;

    // Set the max & min's on the options.
    var max = parseInt(options.max, 10);
    var min = parseInt(options.min, 10);
    this.max = Math.max(isNaN(max) ? 1 : max, 1);
    this.min = Math.min(isNaN(min) ? 0 : min, this.max - 1);

    // Ensure the minimum is created.
    this.ensureMinimum();
  };

  Pool.prototype = {

    count: 0,

    draining: false,

    removeIdleTimer: null,

    removeIdleScheduled: false,

    // Default validate.
    validate: function() {
      return true;
    },

    // Request a new client. The callback will be called,
    // when a new client will be availabe, passing the client to it.
    // Optionally, yoy may specify a priority of the caller if there are no
    // available resources.  Lower numbers mean higher priority.
    acquire: function(callback, priority) {
      if (this.draining) return callback(new Error("Pool is draining and cannot accept work"));
      this.waitingClients.enqueue(callback, priority);
      this.dispense();
      return (this.count < this.max);
    },

    // Return the client to the pool, in case it is no longer required.
    release: function(obj, callback) {
      // Check to see if this object has already been released (i.e., is back in the pool of availableObjects)
      if (this.availableObjects.some(function(objWithTimeout) {
        return (objWithTimeout.obj === obj);
      })) {
        if (callback) callback(new Error('Release called multiple times on the same object'));
        return;
      }
      var objWithTimeout = {
        obj: obj,
        timeout: (new Date().getTime() + this.idleTimeoutMillis)
      };
      this.availableObjects.push(objWithTimeout);
      this.dispense();
      this.scheduleRemoveIdle();
      if (callback) callback(null);
    },

    // Try to get a new client to work, and clean up pool unused (idle) items.
    //
    // - If there are available clients waiting, shift the first one out (LIFO),
    //   and call its callback.
    // - If there are no waiting clients, try to create one if it won't exceed
    //   the maximum number of clients.
    // - If creating a new client would exceed the maximum, add the client to
    //   the wait list.
    dispense: function() {
      var obj = null,
        objWithTimeout = null,
        err = null,
        clientCb = null,
        waitingCount = this.waitingClients.size();

      if (waitingCount > 0) {
        while (this.availableObjects.length > 0) {
          objWithTimeout = this.availableObjects[0];
          if (!this.validate(objWithTimeout.obj)) {
            this.destroy(objWithTimeout.obj);
            continue;
          }
          this.availableObjects.shift();
          clientCb = this.waitingClients.dequeue();
          return clientCb(err, objWithTimeout.obj);
        }
        if (this.count < this.max) {
          this.createResource();
        }
      }
    },

    // Disallow any new requests and let the request backlog dissapate,
    // Setting the `draining` flag so as to let any additional work on the queue
    // dissapate.
    drain: function(callback) {
      this.draining = true;
      var pool = this;
      var checking = function() {
        if (pool.waitingClients.size() > 0 || pool.availableObjects.length != pool.count) {
          setTimeout(checking, 100);
        } else {
          if (callback) callback();
        }
      };
      checking();
    },

    // Forcibly destroys all clients regardless of timeout. Intended to be
    // invoked as part of a drain. Does not prevent the creation of new
    // clients as a result of subsequent calls to acquire.
    //
    // Note that if this.min > 0, the pool will destroy all idle resources
    // in the pool, but replace them with newly created resources up to the
    // specified this.min value.  If this is not desired, set this.min
    // to zero before calling destroyAllNow()
    destroyAllNow: function(callback) {
      var willDie = this.availableObjects;
      this.availableObjects = [];
      var obj = willDie.shift();
      while (obj !== null && obj !== undefined) {
        this.destroy(obj.obj);
        obj = willDie.shift();
      }
      this.removeIdleScheduled = false;
      clearTimeout(this.removeIdleTimer);
      if (callback) callback();
    },

    // Decorates a function to use a acquired client from the object pool when called.
    pooled: function(decorated, priority) {
      var pool = this;
      return function() {
        var callerArgs = arguments;
        var callerCallback = callerArgs[callerArgs.length - 1];
        var callerHasCallback = typeof callerCallback === 'function';
        pool.acquire(function(err, client) {
          if (err) {
            if (callerHasCallback) callerCallback(err, null);
            return;
          }
          var args = [client].concat(slice.call(callerArgs, 0, callerHasCallback ? -1 : undefined));
          args.push(function() {
            pool.release.call(pool, client);
            if (callerHasCallback) callerCallback.apply(null, arguments);
          });
          decorated.apply(null, args);
        }, priority);
      };
    },

    // Request the client to be destroyed. The factory's destroy handler
    // will also be called. This should be called within an acquire()
    // block as an alternative to release().
    destroy: function(obj) {
      this.count -= 1;
      this.availableObjects = this.availableObjects.filter(function(objWithTimeout) {
        return (objWithTimeout.obj !== obj);
      });
      this.destroyHandler(obj);
      this.ensureMinimum();
    },

    // Checks and removes the available (idle) clients that have timed out.
    removeIdle: function() {
      var toRemove = [],
        now = new Date().getTime(),
        i, availableLength, tr, timeout;

      this.removeIdleScheduled = false;

      // Go through the available (idle) items,
      // check if they have timed out
      for (i = 0, availableLength = this.availableObjects.length; i < availableLength && (this.refreshIdle || (this.count - this.min > toRemove.length)); i += 1) {
        timeout = this.availableObjects[i].timeout;
        if (now >= timeout) {
          // Client timed out, so destroy it.
          toRemove.push(this.availableObjects[i].obj);
        }
      }

      for (i = 0, tr = toRemove.length; i < tr; i += 1) {
        this.destroy(toRemove[i]);
      }

      // Replace the available items with the ones to keep.
      availableLength = this.availableObjects.length;

      if (availableLength > 0) {
        this.scheduleRemoveIdle();
      }
    },

    // Schedule removal of idle items in the pool.
    // More schedules cannot run concurrently.
    scheduleRemoveIdle: function() {
      if (!this.removeIdleScheduled) {
        this.removeIdleScheduled = true;
        var pool = this;
        this.removeIdleTimer = setTimeout(function() {
          pool.removeIdle.call(pool);
        }, this.reapInterval);
      }
    },

    // Creates a new resource, adding an object to the pool
    createResource: function() {
      var pool = this;
      this.count += 1;
      this.create(function(err, obj) {
        var clientCb = pool.waitingClients.dequeue();
        if (err) {
          pool.count -= 1;
          if (clientCb) clientCb(err, null);
          setTimeout(function() {
            pool.dispense.call(pool);
          }, 0);
        } else {
          if (clientCb) return clientCb(null, obj);
          pool.release(obj);
        }
      });
    },

    // If the client isn't in the process of draining, this ensures
    // that the minimum number of resources are always around.
    ensureMinimum: function() {
      var i, diff;
      if (!this.draining && (this.count < this.min)) {
        diff = this.min - this.count;
        for (i = 0; i < diff; i++) {
          this.createResource();
        }
      }
    }
  };

  var slice = Array.prototype.slice;

  module.exports = {

    // Export the `Pool` constructor.
    Pool: Pool,

    // Export the PriorityQueue constructor, in case anyone wants to fiddle with that.
    PriorityQueue: PriorityQueue

  };

});

})(
  typeof define === 'function' && define.amd ? define : function (factory) { factory(require, exports, module); }
);
},{}],87:[function(require,module,exports){
if (typeof Object.create === 'function') {
  // implementation from standard node.js 'util' module
  module.exports = function inherits(ctor, superCtor) {
    ctor.super_ = superCtor
    ctor.prototype = Object.create(superCtor.prototype, {
      constructor: {
        value: ctor,
        enumerable: false,
        writable: true,
        configurable: true
      }
    });
  };
} else {
  // old school shim for old browsers
  module.exports = function inherits(ctor, superCtor) {
    ctor.super_ = superCtor
    var TempCtor = function () {}
    TempCtor.prototype = superCtor.prototype
    ctor.prototype = new TempCtor()
    ctor.prototype.constructor = ctor
  }
}

},{}],88:[function(require,module,exports){
(function (global){
/**
 * @license
 * Lo-Dash 2.4.1 (Custom Build) <http://lodash.com/>
 * Build: `lodash modern -o ./dist/lodash.js`
 * Copyright 2012-2013 The Dojo Foundation <http://dojofoundation.org/>
 * Based on Underscore.js 1.5.2 <http://underscorejs.org/LICENSE>
 * Copyright 2009-2013 Jeremy Ashkenas, DocumentCloud and Investigative Reporters & Editors
 * Available under MIT license <http://lodash.com/license>
 */
;(function() {

  /** Used as a safe reference for `undefined` in pre ES5 environments */
  var undefined;

  /** Used to pool arrays and objects used internally */
  var arrayPool = [],
      objectPool = [];

  /** Used to generate unique IDs */
  var idCounter = 0;

  /** Used to prefix keys to avoid issues with `__proto__` and properties on `Object.prototype` */
  var keyPrefix = +new Date + '';

  /** Used as the size when optimizations are enabled for large arrays */
  var largeArraySize = 75;

  /** Used as the max size of the `arrayPool` and `objectPool` */
  var maxPoolSize = 40;

  /** Used to detect and test whitespace */
  var whitespace = (
    // whitespace
    ' \t\x0B\f\xA0\ufeff' +

    // line terminators
    '\n\r\u2028\u2029' +

    // unicode category "Zs" space separators
    '\u1680\u180e\u2000\u2001\u2002\u2003\u2004\u2005\u2006\u2007\u2008\u2009\u200a\u202f\u205f\u3000'
  );

  /** Used to match empty string literals in compiled template source */
  var reEmptyStringLeading = /\b__p \+= '';/g,
      reEmptyStringMiddle = /\b(__p \+=) '' \+/g,
      reEmptyStringTrailing = /(__e\(.*?\)|\b__t\)) \+\n'';/g;

  /**
   * Used to match ES6 template delimiters
   * http://people.mozilla.org/~jorendorff/es6-draft.html#sec-literals-string-literals
   */
  var reEsTemplate = /\$\{([^\\}]*(?:\\.[^\\}]*)*)\}/g;

  /** Used to match regexp flags from their coerced string values */
  var reFlags = /\w*$/;

  /** Used to detected named functions */
  var reFuncName = /^\s*function[ \n\r\t]+\w/;

  /** Used to match "interpolate" template delimiters */
  var reInterpolate = /<%=([\s\S]+?)%>/g;

  /** Used to match leading whitespace and zeros to be removed */
  var reLeadingSpacesAndZeros = RegExp('^[' + whitespace + ']*0+(?=.$)');

  /** Used to ensure capturing order of template delimiters */
  var reNoMatch = /($^)/;

  /** Used to detect functions containing a `this` reference */
  var reThis = /\bthis\b/;

  /** Used to match unescaped characters in compiled string literals */
  var reUnescapedString = /['\n\r\t\u2028\u2029\\]/g;

  /** Used to assign default `context` object properties */
  var contextProps = [
    'Array', 'Boolean', 'Date', 'Function', 'Math', 'Number', 'Object',
    'RegExp', 'String', '_', 'attachEvent', 'clearTimeout', 'isFinite', 'isNaN',
    'parseInt', 'setTimeout'
  ];

  /** Used to make template sourceURLs easier to identify */
  var templateCounter = 0;

  /** `Object#toString` result shortcuts */
  var argsClass = '[object Arguments]',
      arrayClass = '[object Array]',
      boolClass = '[object Boolean]',
      dateClass = '[object Date]',
      funcClass = '[object Function]',
      numberClass = '[object Number]',
      objectClass = '[object Object]',
      regexpClass = '[object RegExp]',
      stringClass = '[object String]';

  /** Used to identify object classifications that `_.clone` supports */
  var cloneableClasses = {};
  cloneableClasses[funcClass] = false;
  cloneableClasses[argsClass] = cloneableClasses[arrayClass] =
  cloneableClasses[boolClass] = cloneableClasses[dateClass] =
  cloneableClasses[numberClass] = cloneableClasses[objectClass] =
  cloneableClasses[regexpClass] = cloneableClasses[stringClass] = true;

  /** Used as an internal `_.debounce` options object */
  var debounceOptions = {
    'leading': false,
    'maxWait': 0,
    'trailing': false
  };

  /** Used as the property descriptor for `__bindData__` */
  var descriptor = {
    'configurable': false,
    'enumerable': false,
    'value': null,
    'writable': false
  };

  /** Used to determine if values are of the language type Object */
  var objectTypes = {
    'boolean': false,
    'function': true,
    'object': true,
    'number': false,
    'string': false,
    'undefined': false
  };

  /** Used to escape characters for inclusion in compiled string literals */
  var stringEscapes = {
    '\\': '\\',
    "'": "'",
    '\n': 'n',
    '\r': 'r',
    '\t': 't',
    '\u2028': 'u2028',
    '\u2029': 'u2029'
  };

  /** Used as a reference to the global object */
  var root = (objectTypes[typeof window] && window) || this;

  /** Detect free variable `exports` */
  var freeExports = objectTypes[typeof exports] && exports && !exports.nodeType && exports;

  /** Detect free variable `module` */
  var freeModule = objectTypes[typeof module] && module && !module.nodeType && module;

  /** Detect the popular CommonJS extension `module.exports` */
  var moduleExports = freeModule && freeModule.exports === freeExports && freeExports;

  /** Detect free variable `global` from Node.js or Browserified code and use it as `root` */
  var freeGlobal = objectTypes[typeof global] && global;
  if (freeGlobal && (freeGlobal.global === freeGlobal || freeGlobal.window === freeGlobal)) {
    root = freeGlobal;
  }

  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  /**
   * The base implementation of `_.indexOf` without support for binary searches
   * or `fromIndex` constraints.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array} array The array to search.
   * @param {*} value The value to search for.
   * @param {number} [fromIndex=0] The index to search from.
   * @returns {number} Returns the index of the matched value or `-1`.
   */
  function baseIndexOf(array, value, fromIndex) {
    var index = (fromIndex || 0) - 1,
        length = array ? array.length : 0;

    while (++index < length) {
      if (array[index] === value) {
        return index;
      }
    }
    return -1;
  }

  /**
   * An implementation of `_.contains` for cache objects that mimics the return
   * signature of `_.indexOf` by returning `0` if the value is found, else `-1`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} cache The cache object to inspect.
   * @param {*} value The value to search for.
   * @returns {number} Returns `0` if `value` is found, else `-1`.
   */
  function cacheIndexOf(cache, value) {
    var type = typeof value;
    cache = cache.cache;

    if (type == 'boolean' || value == null) {
      return cache[value] ? 0 : -1;
    }
    if (type != 'number' && type != 'string') {
      type = 'object';
    }
    var key = type == 'number' ? value : keyPrefix + value;
    cache = (cache = cache[type]) && cache[key];

    return type == 'object'
      ? (cache && baseIndexOf(cache, value) > -1 ? 0 : -1)
      : (cache ? 0 : -1);
  }

  /**
   * Adds a given value to the corresponding cache object.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {*} value The value to add to the cache.
   */
  function cachePush(value) {
    var cache = this.cache,
        type = typeof value;

    if (type == 'boolean' || value == null) {
      cache[value] = true;
    } else {
      if (type != 'number' && type != 'string') {
        type = 'object';
      }
      var key = type == 'number' ? value : keyPrefix + value,
          typeCache = cache[type] || (cache[type] = {});

      if (type == 'object') {
        (typeCache[key] || (typeCache[key] = [])).push(value);
      } else {
        typeCache[key] = true;
      }
    }
  }

  /**
   * Used by `_.max` and `_.min` as the default callback when a given
   * collection is a string value.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {string} value The character to inspect.
   * @returns {number} Returns the code unit of given character.
   */
  function charAtCallback(value) {
    return value.charCodeAt(0);
  }

  /**
   * Used by `sortBy` to compare transformed `collection` elements, stable sorting
   * them in ascending order.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} a The object to compare to `b`.
   * @param {Object} b The object to compare to `a`.
   * @returns {number} Returns the sort order indicator of `1` or `-1`.
   */
  function compareAscending(a, b) {
    var ac = a.criteria,
        bc = b.criteria,
        index = -1,
        length = ac.length;

    while (++index < length) {
      var value = ac[index],
          other = bc[index];

      if (value !== other) {
        if (value > other || typeof value == 'undefined') {
          return 1;
        }
        if (value < other || typeof other == 'undefined') {
          return -1;
        }
      }
    }
    // Fixes an `Array#sort` bug in the JS engine embedded in Adobe applications
    // that causes it, under certain circumstances, to return the same value for
    // `a` and `b`. See https://github.com/jashkenas/underscore/pull/1247
    //
    // This also ensures a stable sort in V8 and other engines.
    // See http://code.google.com/p/v8/issues/detail?id=90
    return a.index - b.index;
  }

  /**
   * Creates a cache object to optimize linear searches of large arrays.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array} [array=[]] The array to search.
   * @returns {null|Object} Returns the cache object or `null` if caching should not be used.
   */
  function createCache(array) {
    var index = -1,
        length = array.length,
        first = array[0],
        mid = array[(length / 2) | 0],
        last = array[length - 1];

    if (first && typeof first == 'object' &&
        mid && typeof mid == 'object' && last && typeof last == 'object') {
      return false;
    }
    var cache = getObject();
    cache['false'] = cache['null'] = cache['true'] = cache['undefined'] = false;

    var result = getObject();
    result.array = array;
    result.cache = cache;
    result.push = cachePush;

    while (++index < length) {
      result.push(array[index]);
    }
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Used by `template` to escape characters for inclusion in compiled
   * string literals.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {string} match The matched character to escape.
   * @returns {string} Returns the escaped character.
   */
  function escapeStringChar(match) {
    return '\\' + stringEscapes[match];
  }

  /**
   * Gets an array from the array pool or creates a new one if the pool is empty.
   *
   * @private
   * @returns {Array} The array from the pool.
   */
  function getArray() {
    return arrayPool.pop() || [];
  }

  /**
   * Gets an object from the object pool or creates a new one if the pool is empty.
   *
   * @private
   * @returns {Object} The object from the pool.
   */
  function getObject() {
    return objectPool.pop() || {
      'array': null,
      'cache': null,
      'criteria': null,
      'false': false,
      'index': 0,
      'null': false,
      'number': null,
      'object': null,
      'push': null,
      'string': null,
      'true': false,
      'undefined': false,
      'value': null
    };
  }

  /**
   * Releases the given array back to the array pool.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array} [array] The array to release.
   */
  function releaseArray(array) {
    array.length = 0;
    if (arrayPool.length < maxPoolSize) {
      arrayPool.push(array);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Releases the given object back to the object pool.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} [object] The object to release.
   */
  function releaseObject(object) {
    var cache = object.cache;
    if (cache) {
      releaseObject(cache);
    }
    object.array = object.cache = object.criteria = object.object = object.number = object.string = object.value = null;
    if (objectPool.length < maxPoolSize) {
      objectPool.push(object);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Slices the `collection` from the `start` index up to, but not including,
   * the `end` index.
   *
   * Note: This function is used instead of `Array#slice` to support node lists
   * in IE < 9 and to ensure dense arrays are returned.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to slice.
   * @param {number} start The start index.
   * @param {number} end The end index.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the new array.
   */
  function slice(array, start, end) {
    start || (start = 0);
    if (typeof end == 'undefined') {
      end = array ? array.length : 0;
    }
    var index = -1,
        length = end - start || 0,
        result = Array(length < 0 ? 0 : length);

    while (++index < length) {
      result[index] = array[start + index];
    }
    return result;
  }

  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  /**
   * Create a new `lodash` function using the given context object.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Utilities
   * @param {Object} [context=root] The context object.
   * @returns {Function} Returns the `lodash` function.
   */
  function runInContext(context) {
    // Avoid issues with some ES3 environments that attempt to use values, named
    // after built-in constructors like `Object`, for the creation of literals.
    // ES5 clears this up by stating that literals must use built-in constructors.
    // See http://es5.github.io/#x11.1.5.
    context = context ? _.defaults(root.Object(), context, _.pick(root, contextProps)) : root;

    /** Native constructor references */
    var Array = context.Array,
        Boolean = context.Boolean,
        Date = context.Date,
        Function = context.Function,
        Math = context.Math,
        Number = context.Number,
        Object = context.Object,
        RegExp = context.RegExp,
        String = context.String,
        TypeError = context.TypeError;

    /**
     * Used for `Array` method references.
     *
     * Normally `Array.prototype` would suffice, however, using an array literal
     * avoids issues in Narwhal.
     */
    var arrayRef = [];

    /** Used for native method references */
    var objectProto = Object.prototype;

    /** Used to restore the original `_` reference in `noConflict` */
    var oldDash = context._;

    /** Used to resolve the internal [[Class]] of values */
    var toString = objectProto.toString;

    /** Used to detect if a method is native */
    var reNative = RegExp('^' +
      String(toString)
        .replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, '\\$&')
        .replace(/toString| for [^\]]+/g, '.*?') + '$'
    );

    /** Native method shortcuts */
    var ceil = Math.ceil,
        clearTimeout = context.clearTimeout,
        floor = Math.floor,
        fnToString = Function.prototype.toString,
        getPrototypeOf = isNative(getPrototypeOf = Object.getPrototypeOf) && getPrototypeOf,
        hasOwnProperty = objectProto.hasOwnProperty,
        push = arrayRef.push,
        setTimeout = context.setTimeout,
        splice = arrayRef.splice,
        unshift = arrayRef.unshift;

    /** Used to set meta data on functions */
    var defineProperty = (function() {
      // IE 8 only accepts DOM elements
      try {
        var o = {},
            func = isNative(func = Object.defineProperty) && func,
            result = func(o, o, o) && func;
      } catch(e) { }
      return result;
    }());

    /* Native method shortcuts for methods with the same name as other `lodash` methods */
    var nativeCreate = isNative(nativeCreate = Object.create) && nativeCreate,
        nativeIsArray = isNative(nativeIsArray = Array.isArray) && nativeIsArray,
        nativeIsFinite = context.isFinite,
        nativeIsNaN = context.isNaN,
        nativeKeys = isNative(nativeKeys = Object.keys) && nativeKeys,
        nativeMax = Math.max,
        nativeMin = Math.min,
        nativeParseInt = context.parseInt,
        nativeRandom = Math.random;

    /** Used to lookup a built-in constructor by [[Class]] */
    var ctorByClass = {};
    ctorByClass[arrayClass] = Array;
    ctorByClass[boolClass] = Boolean;
    ctorByClass[dateClass] = Date;
    ctorByClass[funcClass] = Function;
    ctorByClass[objectClass] = Object;
    ctorByClass[numberClass] = Number;
    ctorByClass[regexpClass] = RegExp;
    ctorByClass[stringClass] = String;

    /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

    /**
     * Creates a `lodash` object which wraps the given value to enable intuitive
     * method chaining.
     *
     * In addition to Lo-Dash methods, wrappers also have the following `Array` methods:
     * `concat`, `join`, `pop`, `push`, `reverse`, `shift`, `slice`, `sort`, `splice`,
     * and `unshift`
     *
     * Chaining is supported in custom builds as long as the `value` method is
     * implicitly or explicitly included in the build.
     *
     * The chainable wrapper functions are:
     * `after`, `assign`, `bind`, `bindAll`, `bindKey`, `chain`, `compact`,
     * `compose`, `concat`, `countBy`, `create`, `createCallback`, `curry`,
     * `debounce`, `defaults`, `defer`, `delay`, `difference`, `filter`, `flatten`,
     * `forEach`, `forEachRight`, `forIn`, `forInRight`, `forOwn`, `forOwnRight`,
     * `functions`, `groupBy`, `indexBy`, `initial`, `intersection`, `invert`,
     * `invoke`, `keys`, `map`, `max`, `memoize`, `merge`, `min`, `object`, `omit`,
     * `once`, `pairs`, `partial`, `partialRight`, `pick`, `pluck`, `pull`, `push`,
     * `range`, `reject`, `remove`, `rest`, `reverse`, `shuffle`, `slice`, `sort`,
     * `sortBy`, `splice`, `tap`, `throttle`, `times`, `toArray`, `transform`,
     * `union`, `uniq`, `unshift`, `unzip`, `values`, `where`, `without`, `wrap`,
     * and `zip`
     *
     * The non-chainable wrapper functions are:
     * `clone`, `cloneDeep`, `contains`, `escape`, `every`, `find`, `findIndex`,
     * `findKey`, `findLast`, `findLastIndex`, `findLastKey`, `has`, `identity`,
     * `indexOf`, `isArguments`, `isArray`, `isBoolean`, `isDate`, `isElement`,
     * `isEmpty`, `isEqual`, `isFinite`, `isFunction`, `isNaN`, `isNull`, `isNumber`,
     * `isObject`, `isPlainObject`, `isRegExp`, `isString`, `isUndefined`, `join`,
     * `lastIndexOf`, `mixin`, `noConflict`, `parseInt`, `pop`, `random`, `reduce`,
     * `reduceRight`, `result`, `shift`, `size`, `some`, `sortedIndex`, `runInContext`,
     * `template`, `unescape`, `uniqueId`, and `value`
     *
     * The wrapper functions `first` and `last` return wrapped values when `n` is
     * provided, otherwise they return unwrapped values.
     *
     * Explicit chaining can be enabled by using the `_.chain` method.
     *
     * @name _
     * @constructor
     * @category Chaining
     * @param {*} value The value to wrap in a `lodash` instance.
     * @returns {Object} Returns a `lodash` instance.
     * @example
     *
     * var wrapped = _([1, 2, 3]);
     *
     * // returns an unwrapped value
     * wrapped.reduce(function(sum, num) {
     *   return sum + num;
     * });
     * // => 6
     *
     * // returns a wrapped value
     * var squares = wrapped.map(function(num) {
     *   return num * num;
     * });
     *
     * _.isArray(squares);
     * // => false
     *
     * _.isArray(squares.value());
     * // => true
     */
    function lodash(value) {
      // don't wrap if already wrapped, even if wrapped by a different `lodash` constructor
      return (value && typeof value == 'object' && !isArray(value) && hasOwnProperty.call(value, '__wrapped__'))
       ? value
       : new lodashWrapper(value);
    }

    /**
     * A fast path for creating `lodash` wrapper objects.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {*} value The value to wrap in a `lodash` instance.
     * @param {boolean} chainAll A flag to enable chaining for all methods
     * @returns {Object} Returns a `lodash` instance.
     */
    function lodashWrapper(value, chainAll) {
      this.__chain__ = !!chainAll;
      this.__wrapped__ = value;
    }
    // ensure `new lodashWrapper` is an instance of `lodash`
    lodashWrapper.prototype = lodash.prototype;

    /**
     * An object used to flag environments features.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @type Object
     */
    var support = lodash.support = {};

    /**
     * Detect if functions can be decompiled by `Function#toString`
     * (all but PS3 and older Opera mobile browsers & avoided in Windows 8 apps).
     *
     * @memberOf _.support
     * @type boolean
     */
    support.funcDecomp = !isNative(context.WinRTError) && reThis.test(runInContext);

    /**
     * Detect if `Function#name` is supported (all but IE).
     *
     * @memberOf _.support
     * @type boolean
     */
    support.funcNames = typeof Function.name == 'string';

    /**
     * By default, the template delimiters used by Lo-Dash are similar to those in
     * embedded Ruby (ERB). Change the following template settings to use alternative
     * delimiters.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @type Object
     */
    lodash.templateSettings = {

      /**
       * Used to detect `data` property values to be HTML-escaped.
       *
       * @memberOf _.templateSettings
       * @type RegExp
       */
      'escape': /<%-([\s\S]+?)%>/g,

      /**
       * Used to detect code to be evaluated.
       *
       * @memberOf _.templateSettings
       * @type RegExp
       */
      'evaluate': /<%([\s\S]+?)%>/g,

      /**
       * Used to detect `data` property values to inject.
       *
       * @memberOf _.templateSettings
       * @type RegExp
       */
      'interpolate': reInterpolate,

      /**
       * Used to reference the data object in the template text.
       *
       * @memberOf _.templateSettings
       * @type string
       */
      'variable': '',

      /**
       * Used to import variables into the compiled template.
       *
       * @memberOf _.templateSettings
       * @type Object
       */
      'imports': {

        /**
         * A reference to the `lodash` function.
         *
         * @memberOf _.templateSettings.imports
         * @type Function
         */
        '_': lodash
      }
    };

    /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

    /**
     * The base implementation of `_.bind` that creates the bound function and
     * sets its meta data.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Array} bindData The bind data array.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new bound function.
     */
    function baseBind(bindData) {
      var func = bindData[0],
          partialArgs = bindData[2],
          thisArg = bindData[4];

      function bound() {
        // `Function#bind` spec
        // http://es5.github.io/#x15.3.4.5
        if (partialArgs) {
          // avoid `arguments` object deoptimizations by using `slice` instead
          // of `Array.prototype.slice.call` and not assigning `arguments` to a
          // variable as a ternary expression
          var args = slice(partialArgs);
          push.apply(args, arguments);
        }
        // mimic the constructor's `return` behavior
        // http://es5.github.io/#x13.2.2
        if (this instanceof bound) {
          // ensure `new bound` is an instance of `func`
          var thisBinding = baseCreate(func.prototype),
              result = func.apply(thisBinding, args || arguments);
          return isObject(result) ? result : thisBinding;
        }
        return func.apply(thisArg, args || arguments);
      }
      setBindData(bound, bindData);
      return bound;
    }

    /**
     * The base implementation of `_.clone` without argument juggling or support
     * for `thisArg` binding.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {*} value The value to clone.
     * @param {boolean} [isDeep=false] Specify a deep clone.
     * @param {Function} [callback] The function to customize cloning values.
     * @param {Array} [stackA=[]] Tracks traversed source objects.
     * @param {Array} [stackB=[]] Associates clones with source counterparts.
     * @returns {*} Returns the cloned value.
     */
    function baseClone(value, isDeep, callback, stackA, stackB) {
      if (callback) {
        var result = callback(value);
        if (typeof result != 'undefined') {
          return result;
        }
      }
      // inspect [[Class]]
      var isObj = isObject(value);
      if (isObj) {
        var className = toString.call(value);
        if (!cloneableClasses[className]) {
          return value;
        }
        var ctor = ctorByClass[className];
        switch (className) {
          case boolClass:
          case dateClass:
            return new ctor(+value);

          case numberClass:
          case stringClass:
            return new ctor(value);

          case regexpClass:
            result = ctor(value.source, reFlags.exec(value));
            result.lastIndex = value.lastIndex;
            return result;
        }
      } else {
        return value;
      }
      var isArr = isArray(value);
      if (isDeep) {
        // check for circular references and return corresponding clone
        var initedStack = !stackA;
        stackA || (stackA = getArray());
        stackB || (stackB = getArray());

        var length = stackA.length;
        while (length--) {
          if (stackA[length] == value) {
            return stackB[length];
          }
        }
        result = isArr ? ctor(value.length) : {};
      }
      else {
        result = isArr ? slice(value) : assign({}, value);
      }
      // add array properties assigned by `RegExp#exec`
      if (isArr) {
        if (hasOwnProperty.call(value, 'index')) {
          result.index = value.index;
        }
        if (hasOwnProperty.call(value, 'input')) {
          result.input = value.input;
        }
      }
      // exit for shallow clone
      if (!isDeep) {
        return result;
      }
      // add the source value to the stack of traversed objects
      // and associate it with its clone
      stackA.push(value);
      stackB.push(result);

      // recursively populate clone (susceptible to call stack limits)
      (isArr ? forEach : forOwn)(value, function(objValue, key) {
        result[key] = baseClone(objValue, isDeep, callback, stackA, stackB);
      });

      if (initedStack) {
        releaseArray(stackA);
        releaseArray(stackB);
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * The base implementation of `_.create` without support for assigning
     * properties to the created object.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Object} prototype The object to inherit from.
     * @returns {Object} Returns the new object.
     */
    function baseCreate(prototype, properties) {
      return isObject(prototype) ? nativeCreate(prototype) : {};
    }
    // fallback for browsers without `Object.create`
    if (!nativeCreate) {
      baseCreate = (function() {
        function Object() {}
        return function(prototype) {
          if (isObject(prototype)) {
            Object.prototype = prototype;
            var result = new Object;
            Object.prototype = null;
          }
          return result || context.Object();
        };
      }());
    }

    /**
     * The base implementation of `_.createCallback` without support for creating
     * "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callbacks.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {*} [func=identity] The value to convert to a callback.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of the created callback.
     * @param {number} [argCount] The number of arguments the callback accepts.
     * @returns {Function} Returns a callback function.
     */
    function baseCreateCallback(func, thisArg, argCount) {
      if (typeof func != 'function') {
        return identity;
      }
      // exit early for no `thisArg` or already bound by `Function#bind`
      if (typeof thisArg == 'undefined' || !('prototype' in func)) {
        return func;
      }
      var bindData = func.__bindData__;
      if (typeof bindData == 'undefined') {
        if (support.funcNames) {
          bindData = !func.name;
        }
        bindData = bindData || !support.funcDecomp;
        if (!bindData) {
          var source = fnToString.call(func);
          if (!support.funcNames) {
            bindData = !reFuncName.test(source);
          }
          if (!bindData) {
            // checks if `func` references the `this` keyword and stores the result
            bindData = reThis.test(source);
            setBindData(func, bindData);
          }
        }
      }
      // exit early if there are no `this` references or `func` is bound
      if (bindData === false || (bindData !== true && bindData[1] & 1)) {
        return func;
      }
      switch (argCount) {
        case 1: return function(value) {
          return func.call(thisArg, value);
        };
        case 2: return function(a, b) {
          return func.call(thisArg, a, b);
        };
        case 3: return function(value, index, collection) {
          return func.call(thisArg, value, index, collection);
        };
        case 4: return function(accumulator, value, index, collection) {
          return func.call(thisArg, accumulator, value, index, collection);
        };
      }
      return bind(func, thisArg);
    }

    /**
     * The base implementation of `createWrapper` that creates the wrapper and
     * sets its meta data.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Array} bindData The bind data array.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
     */
    function baseCreateWrapper(bindData) {
      var func = bindData[0],
          bitmask = bindData[1],
          partialArgs = bindData[2],
          partialRightArgs = bindData[3],
          thisArg = bindData[4],
          arity = bindData[5];

      var isBind = bitmask & 1,
          isBindKey = bitmask & 2,
          isCurry = bitmask & 4,
          isCurryBound = bitmask & 8,
          key = func;

      function bound() {
        var thisBinding = isBind ? thisArg : this;
        if (partialArgs) {
          var args = slice(partialArgs);
          push.apply(args, arguments);
        }
        if (partialRightArgs || isCurry) {
          args || (args = slice(arguments));
          if (partialRightArgs) {
            push.apply(args, partialRightArgs);
          }
          if (isCurry && args.length < arity) {
            bitmask |= 16 & ~32;
            return baseCreateWrapper([func, (isCurryBound ? bitmask : bitmask & ~3), args, null, thisArg, arity]);
          }
        }
        args || (args = arguments);
        if (isBindKey) {
          func = thisBinding[key];
        }
        if (this instanceof bound) {
          thisBinding = baseCreate(func.prototype);
          var result = func.apply(thisBinding, args);
          return isObject(result) ? result : thisBinding;
        }
        return func.apply(thisBinding, args);
      }
      setBindData(bound, bindData);
      return bound;
    }

    /**
     * The base implementation of `_.difference` that accepts a single array
     * of values to exclude.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Array} array The array to process.
     * @param {Array} [values] The array of values to exclude.
     * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of filtered values.
     */
    function baseDifference(array, values) {
      var index = -1,
          indexOf = getIndexOf(),
          length = array ? array.length : 0,
          isLarge = length >= largeArraySize && indexOf === baseIndexOf,
          result = [];

      if (isLarge) {
        var cache = createCache(values);
        if (cache) {
          indexOf = cacheIndexOf;
          values = cache;
        } else {
          isLarge = false;
        }
      }
      while (++index < length) {
        var value = array[index];
        if (indexOf(values, value) < 0) {
          result.push(value);
        }
      }
      if (isLarge) {
        releaseObject(values);
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * The base implementation of `_.flatten` without support for callback
     * shorthands or `thisArg` binding.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Array} array The array to flatten.
     * @param {boolean} [isShallow=false] A flag to restrict flattening to a single level.
     * @param {boolean} [isStrict=false] A flag to restrict flattening to arrays and `arguments` objects.
     * @param {number} [fromIndex=0] The index to start from.
     * @returns {Array} Returns a new flattened array.
     */
    function baseFlatten(array, isShallow, isStrict, fromIndex) {
      var index = (fromIndex || 0) - 1,
          length = array ? array.length : 0,
          result = [];

      while (++index < length) {
        var value = array[index];

        if (value && typeof value == 'object' && typeof value.length == 'number'
            && (isArray(value) || isArguments(value))) {
          // recursively flatten arrays (susceptible to call stack limits)
          if (!isShallow) {
            value = baseFlatten(value, isShallow, isStrict);
          }
          var valIndex = -1,
              valLength = value.length,
              resIndex = result.length;

          result.length += valLength;
          while (++valIndex < valLength) {
            result[resIndex++] = value[valIndex];
          }
        } else if (!isStrict) {
          result.push(value);
        }
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * The base implementation of `_.isEqual`, without support for `thisArg` binding,
     * that allows partial "_.where" style comparisons.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {*} a The value to compare.
     * @param {*} b The other value to compare.
     * @param {Function} [callback] The function to customize comparing values.
     * @param {Function} [isWhere=false] A flag to indicate performing partial comparisons.
     * @param {Array} [stackA=[]] Tracks traversed `a` objects.
     * @param {Array} [stackB=[]] Tracks traversed `b` objects.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the values are equivalent, else `false`.
     */
    function baseIsEqual(a, b, callback, isWhere, stackA, stackB) {
      // used to indicate that when comparing objects, `a` has at least the properties of `b`
      if (callback) {
        var result = callback(a, b);
        if (typeof result != 'undefined') {
          return !!result;
        }
      }
      // exit early for identical values
      if (a === b) {
        // treat `+0` vs. `-0` as not equal
        return a !== 0 || (1 / a == 1 / b);
      }
      var type = typeof a,
          otherType = typeof b;

      // exit early for unlike primitive values
      if (a === a &&
          !(a && objectTypes[type]) &&
          !(b && objectTypes[otherType])) {
        return false;
      }
      // exit early for `null` and `undefined` avoiding ES3's Function#call behavior
      // http://es5.github.io/#x15.3.4.4
      if (a == null || b == null) {
        return a === b;
      }
      // compare [[Class]] names
      var className = toString.call(a),
          otherClass = toString.call(b);

      if (className == argsClass) {
        className = objectClass;
      }
      if (otherClass == argsClass) {
        otherClass = objectClass;
      }
      if (className != otherClass) {
        return false;
      }
      switch (className) {
        case boolClass:
        case dateClass:
          // coerce dates and booleans to numbers, dates to milliseconds and booleans
          // to `1` or `0` treating invalid dates coerced to `NaN` as not equal
          return +a == +b;

        case numberClass:
          // treat `NaN` vs. `NaN` as equal
          return (a != +a)
            ? b != +b
            // but treat `+0` vs. `-0` as not equal
            : (a == 0 ? (1 / a == 1 / b) : a == +b);

        case regexpClass:
        case stringClass:
          // coerce regexes to strings (http://es5.github.io/#x15.10.6.4)
          // treat string primitives and their corresponding object instances as equal
          return a == String(b);
      }
      var isArr = className == arrayClass;
      if (!isArr) {
        // unwrap any `lodash` wrapped values
        var aWrapped = hasOwnProperty.call(a, '__wrapped__'),
            bWrapped = hasOwnProperty.call(b, '__wrapped__');

        if (aWrapped || bWrapped) {
          return baseIsEqual(aWrapped ? a.__wrapped__ : a, bWrapped ? b.__wrapped__ : b, callback, isWhere, stackA, stackB);
        }
        // exit for functions and DOM nodes
        if (className != objectClass) {
          return false;
        }
        // in older versions of Opera, `arguments` objects have `Array` constructors
        var ctorA = a.constructor,
            ctorB = b.constructor;

        // non `Object` object instances with different constructors are not equal
        if (ctorA != ctorB &&
              !(isFunction(ctorA) && ctorA instanceof ctorA && isFunction(ctorB) && ctorB instanceof ctorB) &&
              ('constructor' in a && 'constructor' in b)
            ) {
          return false;
        }
      }
      // assume cyclic structures are equal
      // the algorithm for detecting cyclic structures is adapted from ES 5.1
      // section 15.12.3, abstract operation `JO` (http://es5.github.io/#x15.12.3)
      var initedStack = !stackA;
      stackA || (stackA = getArray());
      stackB || (stackB = getArray());

      var length = stackA.length;
      while (length--) {
        if (stackA[length] == a) {
          return stackB[length] == b;
        }
      }
      var size = 0;
      result = true;

      // add `a` and `b` to the stack of traversed objects
      stackA.push(a);
      stackB.push(b);

      // recursively compare objects and arrays (susceptible to call stack limits)
      if (isArr) {
        // compare lengths to determine if a deep comparison is necessary
        length = a.length;
        size = b.length;
        result = size == length;

        if (result || isWhere) {
          // deep compare the contents, ignoring non-numeric properties
          while (size--) {
            var index = length,
                value = b[size];

            if (isWhere) {
              while (index--) {
                if ((result = baseIsEqual(a[index], value, callback, isWhere, stackA, stackB))) {
                  break;
                }
              }
            } else if (!(result = baseIsEqual(a[size], value, callback, isWhere, stackA, stackB))) {
              break;
            }
          }
        }
      }
      else {
        // deep compare objects using `forIn`, instead of `forOwn`, to avoid `Object.keys`
        // which, in this case, is more costly
        forIn(b, function(value, key, b) {
          if (hasOwnProperty.call(b, key)) {
            // count the number of properties.
            size++;
            // deep compare each property value.
            return (result = hasOwnProperty.call(a, key) && baseIsEqual(a[key], value, callback, isWhere, stackA, stackB));
          }
        });

        if (result && !isWhere) {
          // ensure both objects have the same number of properties
          forIn(a, function(value, key, a) {
            if (hasOwnProperty.call(a, key)) {
              // `size` will be `-1` if `a` has more properties than `b`
              return (result = --size > -1);
            }
          });
        }
      }
      stackA.pop();
      stackB.pop();

      if (initedStack) {
        releaseArray(stackA);
        releaseArray(stackB);
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * The base implementation of `_.merge` without argument juggling or support
     * for `thisArg` binding.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Object} object The destination object.
     * @param {Object} source The source object.
     * @param {Function} [callback] The function to customize merging properties.
     * @param {Array} [stackA=[]] Tracks traversed source objects.
     * @param {Array} [stackB=[]] Associates values with source counterparts.
     */
    function baseMerge(object, source, callback, stackA, stackB) {
      (isArray(source) ? forEach : forOwn)(source, function(source, key) {
        var found,
            isArr,
            result = source,
            value = object[key];

        if (source && ((isArr = isArray(source)) || isPlainObject(source))) {
          // avoid merging previously merged cyclic sources
          var stackLength = stackA.length;
          while (stackLength--) {
            if ((found = stackA[stackLength] == source)) {
              value = stackB[stackLength];
              break;
            }
          }
          if (!found) {
            var isShallow;
            if (callback) {
              result = callback(value, source);
              if ((isShallow = typeof result != 'undefined')) {
                value = result;
              }
            }
            if (!isShallow) {
              value = isArr
                ? (isArray(value) ? value : [])
                : (isPlainObject(value) ? value : {});
            }
            // add `source` and associated `value` to the stack of traversed objects
            stackA.push(source);
            stackB.push(value);

            // recursively merge objects and arrays (susceptible to call stack limits)
            if (!isShallow) {
              baseMerge(value, source, callback, stackA, stackB);
            }
          }
        }
        else {
          if (callback) {
            result = callback(value, source);
            if (typeof result == 'undefined') {
              result = source;
            }
          }
          if (typeof result != 'undefined') {
            value = result;
          }
        }
        object[key] = value;
      });
    }

    /**
     * The base implementation of `_.random` without argument juggling or support
     * for returning floating-point numbers.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {number} min The minimum possible value.
     * @param {number} max The maximum possible value.
     * @returns {number} Returns a random number.
     */
    function baseRandom(min, max) {
      return min + floor(nativeRandom() * (max - min + 1));
    }

    /**
     * The base implementation of `_.uniq` without support for callback shorthands
     * or `thisArg` binding.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Array} array The array to process.
     * @param {boolean} [isSorted=false] A flag to indicate that `array` is sorted.
     * @param {Function} [callback] The function called per iteration.
     * @returns {Array} Returns a duplicate-value-free array.
     */
    function baseUniq(array, isSorted, callback) {
      var index = -1,
          indexOf = getIndexOf(),
          length = array ? array.length : 0,
          result = [];

      var isLarge = !isSorted && length >= largeArraySize && indexOf === baseIndexOf,
          seen = (callback || isLarge) ? getArray() : result;

      if (isLarge) {
        var cache = createCache(seen);
        indexOf = cacheIndexOf;
        seen = cache;
      }
      while (++index < length) {
        var value = array[index],
            computed = callback ? callback(value, index, array) : value;

        if (isSorted
              ? !index || seen[seen.length - 1] !== computed
              : indexOf(seen, computed) < 0
            ) {
          if (callback || isLarge) {
            seen.push(computed);
          }
          result.push(value);
        }
      }
      if (isLarge) {
        releaseArray(seen.array);
        releaseObject(seen);
      } else if (callback) {
        releaseArray(seen);
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a function that aggregates a collection, creating an object composed
     * of keys generated from the results of running each element of the collection
     * through a callback. The given `setter` function sets the keys and values
     * of the composed object.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Function} setter The setter function.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new aggregator function.
     */
    function createAggregator(setter) {
      return function(collection, callback, thisArg) {
        var result = {};
        callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);

        var index = -1,
            length = collection ? collection.length : 0;

        if (typeof length == 'number') {
          while (++index < length) {
            var value = collection[index];
            setter(result, value, callback(value, index, collection), collection);
          }
        } else {
          forOwn(collection, function(value, key, collection) {
            setter(result, value, callback(value, key, collection), collection);
          });
        }
        return result;
      };
    }

    /**
     * Creates a function that, when called, either curries or invokes `func`
     * with an optional `this` binding and partially applied arguments.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Function|string} func The function or method name to reference.
     * @param {number} bitmask The bitmask of method flags to compose.
     *  The bitmask may be composed of the following flags:
     *  1 - `_.bind`
     *  2 - `_.bindKey`
     *  4 - `_.curry`
     *  8 - `_.curry` (bound)
     *  16 - `_.partial`
     *  32 - `_.partialRight`
     * @param {Array} [partialArgs] An array of arguments to prepend to those
     *  provided to the new function.
     * @param {Array} [partialRightArgs] An array of arguments to append to those
     *  provided to the new function.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `func`.
     * @param {number} [arity] The arity of `func`.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
     */
    function createWrapper(func, bitmask, partialArgs, partialRightArgs, thisArg, arity) {
      var isBind = bitmask & 1,
          isBindKey = bitmask & 2,
          isCurry = bitmask & 4,
          isCurryBound = bitmask & 8,
          isPartial = bitmask & 16,
          isPartialRight = bitmask & 32;

      if (!isBindKey && !isFunction(func)) {
        throw new TypeError;
      }
      if (isPartial && !partialArgs.length) {
        bitmask &= ~16;
        isPartial = partialArgs = false;
      }
      if (isPartialRight && !partialRightArgs.length) {
        bitmask &= ~32;
        isPartialRight = partialRightArgs = false;
      }
      var bindData = func && func.__bindData__;
      if (bindData && bindData !== true) {
        // clone `bindData`
        bindData = slice(bindData);
        if (bindData[2]) {
          bindData[2] = slice(bindData[2]);
        }
        if (bindData[3]) {
          bindData[3] = slice(bindData[3]);
        }
        // set `thisBinding` is not previously bound
        if (isBind && !(bindData[1] & 1)) {
          bindData[4] = thisArg;
        }
        // set if previously bound but not currently (subsequent curried functions)
        if (!isBind && bindData[1] & 1) {
          bitmask |= 8;
        }
        // set curried arity if not yet set
        if (isCurry && !(bindData[1] & 4)) {
          bindData[5] = arity;
        }
        // append partial left arguments
        if (isPartial) {
          push.apply(bindData[2] || (bindData[2] = []), partialArgs);
        }
        // append partial right arguments
        if (isPartialRight) {
          unshift.apply(bindData[3] || (bindData[3] = []), partialRightArgs);
        }
        // merge flags
        bindData[1] |= bitmask;
        return createWrapper.apply(null, bindData);
      }
      // fast path for `_.bind`
      var creater = (bitmask == 1 || bitmask === 17) ? baseBind : baseCreateWrapper;
      return creater([func, bitmask, partialArgs, partialRightArgs, thisArg, arity]);
    }

    /**
     * Used by `escape` to convert characters to HTML entities.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {string} match The matched character to escape.
     * @returns {string} Returns the escaped character.
     */
    function escapeHtmlChar(match) {
      return htmlEscapes[match];
    }

    /**
     * Gets the appropriate "indexOf" function. If the `_.indexOf` method is
     * customized, this method returns the custom method, otherwise it returns
     * the `baseIndexOf` function.
     *
     * @private
     * @returns {Function} Returns the "indexOf" function.
     */
    function getIndexOf() {
      var result = (result = lodash.indexOf) === indexOf ? baseIndexOf : result;
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is a native function.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is a native function, else `false`.
     */
    function isNative(value) {
      return typeof value == 'function' && reNative.test(value);
    }

    /**
     * Sets `this` binding data on a given function.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Function} func The function to set data on.
     * @param {Array} value The data array to set.
     */
    var setBindData = !defineProperty ? noop : function(func, value) {
      descriptor.value = value;
      defineProperty(func, '__bindData__', descriptor);
    };

    /**
     * A fallback implementation of `isPlainObject` which checks if a given value
     * is an object created by the `Object` constructor, assuming objects created
     * by the `Object` constructor have no inherited enumerable properties and that
     * there are no `Object.prototype` extensions.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a plain object, else `false`.
     */
    function shimIsPlainObject(value) {
      var ctor,
          result;

      // avoid non Object objects, `arguments` objects, and DOM elements
      if (!(value && toString.call(value) == objectClass) ||
          (ctor = value.constructor, isFunction(ctor) && !(ctor instanceof ctor))) {
        return false;
      }
      // In most environments an object's own properties are iterated before
      // its inherited properties. If the last iterated property is an object's
      // own property then there are no inherited enumerable properties.
      forIn(value, function(value, key) {
        result = key;
      });
      return typeof result == 'undefined' || hasOwnProperty.call(value, result);
    }

    /**
     * Used by `unescape` to convert HTML entities to characters.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {string} match The matched character to unescape.
     * @returns {string} Returns the unescaped character.
     */
    function unescapeHtmlChar(match) {
      return htmlUnescapes[match];
    }

    /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is an `arguments` object.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is an `arguments` object, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * (function() { return _.isArguments(arguments); })(1, 2, 3);
     * // => true
     *
     * _.isArguments([1, 2, 3]);
     * // => false
     */
    function isArguments(value) {
      return value && typeof value == 'object' && typeof value.length == 'number' &&
        toString.call(value) == argsClass || false;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is an array.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @type Function
     * @category Objects
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is an array, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * (function() { return _.isArray(arguments); })();
     * // => false
     *
     * _.isArray([1, 2, 3]);
     * // => true
     */
    var isArray = nativeIsArray || function(value) {
      return value && typeof value == 'object' && typeof value.length == 'number' &&
        toString.call(value) == arrayClass || false;
    };

    /**
     * A fallback implementation of `Object.keys` which produces an array of the
     * given object's own enumerable property names.
     *
     * @private
     * @type Function
     * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
     * @returns {Array} Returns an array of property names.
     */
    var shimKeys = function(object) {
      var index, iterable = object, result = [];
      if (!iterable) return result;
      if (!(objectTypes[typeof object])) return result;
        for (index in iterable) {
          if (hasOwnProperty.call(iterable, index)) {
            result.push(index);
          }
        }
      return result
    };

    /**
     * Creates an array composed of the own enumerable property names of an object.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
     * @returns {Array} Returns an array of property names.
     * @example
     *
     * _.keys({ 'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3 });
     * // => ['one', 'two', 'three'] (property order is not guaranteed across environments)
     */
    var keys = !nativeKeys ? shimKeys : function(object) {
      if (!isObject(object)) {
        return [];
      }
      return nativeKeys(object);
    };

    /**
     * Used to convert characters to HTML entities:
     *
     * Though the `>` character is escaped for symmetry, characters like `>` and `/`
     * don't require escaping in HTML and have no special meaning unless they're part
     * of a tag or an unquoted attribute value.
     * http://mathiasbynens.be/notes/ambiguous-ampersands (under "semi-related fun fact")
     */
    var htmlEscapes = {
      '&': '&amp;',
      '<': '&lt;',
      '>': '&gt;',
      '"': '&quot;',
      "'": '&#39;'
    };

    /** Used to convert HTML entities to characters */
    var htmlUnescapes = invert(htmlEscapes);

    /** Used to match HTML entities and HTML characters */
    var reEscapedHtml = RegExp('(' + keys(htmlUnescapes).join('|') + ')', 'g'),
        reUnescapedHtml = RegExp('[' + keys(htmlEscapes).join('') + ']', 'g');

    /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

    /**
     * Assigns own enumerable properties of source object(s) to the destination
     * object. Subsequent sources will overwrite property assignments of previous
     * sources. If a callback is provided it will be executed to produce the
     * assigned values. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with two
     * arguments; (objectValue, sourceValue).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @type Function
     * @alias extend
     * @category Objects
     * @param {Object} object The destination object.
     * @param {...Object} [source] The source objects.
     * @param {Function} [callback] The function to customize assigning values.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {Object} Returns the destination object.
     * @example
     *
     * _.assign({ 'name': 'fred' }, { 'employer': 'slate' });
     * // => { 'name': 'fred', 'employer': 'slate' }
     *
     * var defaults = _.partialRight(_.assign, function(a, b) {
     *   return typeof a == 'undefined' ? b : a;
     * });
     *
     * var object = { 'name': 'barney' };
     * defaults(object, { 'name': 'fred', 'employer': 'slate' });
     * // => { 'name': 'barney', 'employer': 'slate' }
     */
    var assign = function(object, source, guard) {
      var index, iterable = object, result = iterable;
      if (!iterable) return result;
      var args = arguments,
          argsIndex = 0,
          argsLength = typeof guard == 'number' ? 2 : args.length;
      if (argsLength > 3 && typeof args[argsLength - 2] == 'function') {
        var callback = baseCreateCallback(args[--argsLength - 1], args[argsLength--], 2);
      } else if (argsLength > 2 && typeof args[argsLength - 1] == 'function') {
        callback = args[--argsLength];
      }
      while (++argsIndex < argsLength) {
        iterable = args[argsIndex];
        if (iterable && objectTypes[typeof iterable]) {
        var ownIndex = -1,
            ownProps = objectTypes[typeof iterable] && keys(iterable),
            length = ownProps ? ownProps.length : 0;

        while (++ownIndex < length) {
          index = ownProps[ownIndex];
          result[index] = callback ? callback(result[index], iterable[index]) : iterable[index];
        }
        }
      }
      return result
    };

    /**
     * Creates a clone of `value`. If `isDeep` is `true` nested objects will also
     * be cloned, otherwise they will be assigned by reference. If a callback
     * is provided it will be executed to produce the cloned values. If the
     * callback returns `undefined` cloning will be handled by the method instead.
     * The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with one argument; (value).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {*} value The value to clone.
     * @param {boolean} [isDeep=false] Specify a deep clone.
     * @param {Function} [callback] The function to customize cloning values.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {*} Returns the cloned value.
     * @example
     *
     * var characters = [
     *   { 'name': 'barney', 'age': 36 },
     *   { 'name': 'fred',   'age': 40 }
     * ];
     *
     * var shallow = _.clone(characters);
     * shallow[0] === characters[0];
     * // => true
     *
     * var deep = _.clone(characters, true);
     * deep[0] === characters[0];
     * // => false
     *
     * _.mixin({
     *   'clone': _.partialRight(_.clone, function(value) {
     *     return _.isElement(value) ? value.cloneNode(false) : undefined;
     *   })
     * });
     *
     * var clone = _.clone(document.body);
     * clone.childNodes.length;
     * // => 0
     */
    function clone(value, isDeep, callback, thisArg) {
      // allows working with "Collections" methods without using their `index`
      // and `collection` arguments for `isDeep` and `callback`
      if (typeof isDeep != 'boolean' && isDeep != null) {
        thisArg = callback;
        callback = isDeep;
        isDeep = false;
      }
      return baseClone(value, isDeep, typeof callback == 'function' && baseCreateCallback(callback, thisArg, 1));
    }

    /**
     * Creates a deep clone of `value`. If a callback is provided it will be
     * executed to produce the cloned values. If the callback returns `undefined`
     * cloning will be handled by the method instead. The callback is bound to
     * `thisArg` and invoked with one argument; (value).
     *
     * Note: This method is loosely based on the structured clone algorithm. Functions
     * and DOM nodes are **not** cloned. The enumerable properties of `arguments` objects and
     * objects created by constructors other than `Object` are cloned to plain `Object` objects.
     * See http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/infrastructure.html#internal-structured-cloning-algorithm.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {*} value The value to deep clone.
     * @param {Function} [callback] The function to customize cloning values.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {*} Returns the deep cloned value.
     * @example
     *
     * var characters = [
     *   { 'name': 'barney', 'age': 36 },
     *   { 'name': 'fred',   'age': 40 }
     * ];
     *
     * var deep = _.cloneDeep(characters);
     * deep[0] === characters[0];
     * // => false
     *
     * var view = {
     *   'label': 'docs',
     *   'node': element
     * };
     *
     * var clone = _.cloneDeep(view, function(value) {
     *   return _.isElement(value) ? value.cloneNode(true) : undefined;
     * });
     *
     * clone.node == view.node;
     * // => false
     */
    function cloneDeep(value, callback, thisArg) {
      return baseClone(value, true, typeof callback == 'function' && baseCreateCallback(callback, thisArg, 1));
    }

    /**
     * Creates an object that inherits from the given `prototype` object. If a
     * `properties` object is provided its own enumerable properties are assigned
     * to the created object.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {Object} prototype The object to inherit from.
     * @param {Object} [properties] The properties to assign to the object.
     * @returns {Object} Returns the new object.
     * @example
     *
     * function Shape() {
     *   this.x = 0;
     *   this.y = 0;
     * }
     *
     * function Circle() {
     *   Shape.call(this);
     * }
     *
     * Circle.prototype = _.create(Shape.prototype, { 'constructor': Circle });
     *
     * var circle = new Circle;
     * circle instanceof Circle;
     * // => true
     *
     * circle instanceof Shape;
     * // => true
     */
    function create(prototype, properties) {
      var result = baseCreate(prototype);
      return properties ? assign(result, properties) : result;
    }

    /**
     * Assigns own enumerable properties of source object(s) to the destination
     * object for all destination properties that resolve to `undefined`. Once a
     * property is set, additional defaults of the same property will be ignored.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @type Function
     * @category Objects
     * @param {Object} object The destination object.
     * @param {...Object} [source] The source objects.
     * @param- {Object} [guard] Allows working with `_.reduce` without using its
     *  `key` and `object` arguments as sources.
     * @returns {Object} Returns the destination object.
     * @example
     *
     * var object = { 'name': 'barney' };
     * _.defaults(object, { 'name': 'fred', 'employer': 'slate' });
     * // => { 'name': 'barney', 'employer': 'slate' }
     */
    var defaults = function(object, source, guard) {
      var index, iterable = object, result = iterable;
      if (!iterable) return result;
      var args = arguments,
          argsIndex = 0,
          argsLength = typeof guard == 'number' ? 2 : args.length;
      while (++argsIndex < argsLength) {
        iterable = args[argsIndex];
        if (iterable && objectTypes[typeof iterable]) {
        var ownIndex = -1,
            ownProps = objectTypes[typeof iterable] && keys(iterable),
            length = ownProps ? ownProps.length : 0;

        while (++ownIndex < length) {
          index = ownProps[ownIndex];
          if (typeof result[index] == 'undefined') result[index] = iterable[index];
        }
        }
      }
      return result
    };

    /**
     * This method is like `_.findIndex` except that it returns the key of the
     * first element that passes the callback check, instead of the element itself.
     *
     * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
     * callback will return the property value of the given element.
     *
     * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
     * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
     * else `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {Object} object The object to search.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called per
     *  iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used to
     *  create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {string|undefined} Returns the key of the found element, else `undefined`.
     * @example
     *
     * var characters = {
     *   'barney': {  'age': 36, 'blocked': false },
     *   'fred': {    'age': 40, 'blocked': true },
     *   'pebbles': { 'age': 1,  'blocked': false }
     * };
     *
     * _.findKey(characters, function(chr) {
     *   return chr.age < 40;
     * });
     * // => 'barney' (property order is not guaranteed across environments)
     *
     * // using "_.where" callback shorthand
     * _.findKey(characters, { 'age': 1 });
     * // => 'pebbles'
     *
     * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
     * _.findKey(characters, 'blocked');
     * // => 'fred'
     */
    function findKey(object, callback, thisArg) {
      var result;
      callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
      forOwn(object, function(value, key, object) {
        if (callback(value, key, object)) {
          result = key;
          return false;
        }
      });
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * This method is like `_.findKey` except that it iterates over elements
     * of a `collection` in the opposite order.
     *
     * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
     * callback will return the property value of the given element.
     *
     * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
     * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
     * else `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {Object} object The object to search.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called per
     *  iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used to
     *  create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {string|undefined} Returns the key of the found element, else `undefined`.
     * @example
     *
     * var characters = {
     *   'barney': {  'age': 36, 'blocked': true },
     *   'fred': {    'age': 40, 'blocked': false },
     *   'pebbles': { 'age': 1,  'blocked': true }
     * };
     *
     * _.findLastKey(characters, function(chr) {
     *   return chr.age < 40;
     * });
     * // => returns `pebbles`, assuming `_.findKey` returns `barney`
     *
     * // using "_.where" callback shorthand
     * _.findLastKey(characters, { 'age': 40 });
     * // => 'fred'
     *
     * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
     * _.findLastKey(characters, 'blocked');
     * // => 'pebbles'
     */
    function findLastKey(object, callback, thisArg) {
      var result;
      callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
      forOwnRight(object, function(value, key, object) {
        if (callback(value, key, object)) {
          result = key;
          return false;
        }
      });
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Iterates over own and inherited enumerable properties of an object,
     * executing the callback for each property. The callback is bound to `thisArg`
     * and invoked with three arguments; (value, key, object). Callbacks may exit
     * iteration early by explicitly returning `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @type Function
     * @category Objects
     * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
     * @param {Function} [callback=identity] The function called per iteration.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
     * @example
     *
     * function Shape() {
     *   this.x = 0;
     *   this.y = 0;
     * }
     *
     * Shape.prototype.move = function(x, y) {
     *   this.x += x;
     *   this.y += y;
     * };
     *
     * _.forIn(new Shape, function(value, key) {
     *   console.log(key);
     * });
     * // => logs 'x', 'y', and 'move' (property order is not guaranteed across environments)
     */
    var forIn = function(collection, callback, thisArg) {
      var index, iterable = collection, result = iterable;
      if (!iterable) return result;
      if (!objectTypes[typeof iterable]) return result;
      callback = callback && typeof thisArg == 'undefined' ? callback : baseCreateCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
        for (index in iterable) {
          if (callback(iterable[index], index, collection) === false) return result;
        }
      return result
    };

    /**
     * This method is like `_.forIn` except that it iterates over elements
     * of a `collection` in the opposite order.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
     * @param {Function} [callback=identity] The function called per iteration.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
     * @example
     *
     * function Shape() {
     *   this.x = 0;
     *   this.y = 0;
     * }
     *
     * Shape.prototype.move = function(x, y) {
     *   this.x += x;
     *   this.y += y;
     * };
     *
     * _.forInRight(new Shape, function(value, key) {
     *   console.log(key);
     * });
     * // => logs 'move', 'y', and 'x' assuming `_.forIn ` logs 'x', 'y', and 'move'
     */
    function forInRight(object, callback, thisArg) {
      var pairs = [];

      forIn(object, function(value, key) {
        pairs.push(key, value);
      });

      var length = pairs.length;
      callback = baseCreateCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
      while (length--) {
        if (callback(pairs[length--], pairs[length], object) === false) {
          break;
        }
      }
      return object;
    }

    /**
     * Iterates over own enumerable properties of an object, executing the callback
     * for each property. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three
     * arguments; (value, key, object). Callbacks may exit iteration early by
     * explicitly returning `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @type Function
     * @category Objects
     * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
     * @param {Function} [callback=identity] The function called per iteration.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.forOwn({ '0': 'zero', '1': 'one', 'length': 2 }, function(num, key) {
     *   console.log(key);
     * });
     * // => logs '0', '1', and 'length' (property order is not guaranteed across environments)
     */
    var forOwn = function(collection, callback, thisArg) {
      var index, iterable = collection, result = iterable;
      if (!iterable) return result;
      if (!objectTypes[typeof iterable]) return result;
      callback = callback && typeof thisArg == 'undefined' ? callback : baseCreateCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
        var ownIndex = -1,
            ownProps = objectTypes[typeof iterable] && keys(iterable),
            length = ownProps ? ownProps.length : 0;

        while (++ownIndex < length) {
          index = ownProps[ownIndex];
          if (callback(iterable[index], index, collection) === false) return result;
        }
      return result
    };

    /**
     * This method is like `_.forOwn` except that it iterates over elements
     * of a `collection` in the opposite order.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
     * @param {Function} [callback=identity] The function called per iteration.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.forOwnRight({ '0': 'zero', '1': 'one', 'length': 2 }, function(num, key) {
     *   console.log(key);
     * });
     * // => logs 'length', '1', and '0' assuming `_.forOwn` logs '0', '1', and 'length'
     */
    function forOwnRight(object, callback, thisArg) {
      var props = keys(object),
          length = props.length;

      callback = baseCreateCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
      while (length--) {
        var key = props[length];
        if (callback(object[key], key, object) === false) {
          break;
        }
      }
      return object;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a sorted array of property names of all enumerable properties,
     * own and inherited, of `object` that have function values.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @alias methods
     * @category Objects
     * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
     * @returns {Array} Returns an array of property names that have function values.
     * @example
     *
     * _.functions(_);
     * // => ['all', 'any', 'bind', 'bindAll', 'clone', 'compact', 'compose', ...]
     */
    function functions(object) {
      var result = [];
      forIn(object, function(value, key) {
        if (isFunction(value)) {
          result.push(key);
        }
      });
      return result.sort();
    }

    /**
     * Checks if the specified property name exists as a direct property of `object`,
     * instead of an inherited property.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
     * @param {string} key The name of the property to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if key is a direct property, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.has({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3 }, 'b');
     * // => true
     */
    function has(object, key) {
      return object ? hasOwnProperty.call(object, key) : false;
    }

    /**
     * Creates an object composed of the inverted keys and values of the given object.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {Object} object The object to invert.
     * @returns {Object} Returns the created inverted object.
     * @example
     *
     * _.invert({ 'first': 'fred', 'second': 'barney' });
     * // => { 'fred': 'first', 'barney': 'second' }
     */
    function invert(object) {
      var index = -1,
          props = keys(object),
          length = props.length,
          result = {};

      while (++index < length) {
        var key = props[index];
        result[object[key]] = key;
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is a boolean value.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is a boolean value, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.isBoolean(null);
     * // => false
     */
    function isBoolean(value) {
      return value === true || value === false ||
        value && typeof value == 'object' && toString.call(value) == boolClass || false;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is a date.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is a date, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.isDate(new Date);
     * // => true
     */
    function isDate(value) {
      return value && typeof value == 'object' && toString.call(value) == dateClass || false;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is a DOM element.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is a DOM element, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.isElement(document.body);
     * // => true
     */
    function isElement(value) {
      return value && value.nodeType === 1 || false;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is empty. Arrays, strings, or `arguments` objects with a
     * length of `0` and objects with no own enumerable properties are considered
     * "empty".
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {Array|Object|string} value The value to inspect.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is empty, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.isEmpty([1, 2, 3]);
     * // => false
     *
     * _.isEmpty({});
     * // => true
     *
     * _.isEmpty('');
     * // => true
     */
    function isEmpty(value) {
      var result = true;
      if (!value) {
        return result;
      }
      var className = toString.call(value),
          length = value.length;

      if ((className == arrayClass || className == stringClass || className == argsClass ) ||
          (className == objectClass && typeof length == 'number' && isFunction(value.splice))) {
        return !length;
      }
      forOwn(value, function() {
        return (result = false);
      });
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Performs a deep comparison between two values to determine if they are
     * equivalent to each other. If a callback is provided it will be executed
     * to compare values. If the callback returns `undefined` comparisons will
     * be handled by the method instead. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and
     * invoked with two arguments; (a, b).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {*} a The value to compare.
     * @param {*} b The other value to compare.
     * @param {Function} [callback] The function to customize comparing values.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the values are equivalent, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * var object = { 'name': 'fred' };
     * var copy = { 'name': 'fred' };
     *
     * object == copy;
     * // => false
     *
     * _.isEqual(object, copy);
     * // => true
     *
     * var words = ['hello', 'goodbye'];
     * var otherWords = ['hi', 'goodbye'];
     *
     * _.isEqual(words, otherWords, function(a, b) {
     *   var reGreet = /^(?:hello|hi)$/i,
     *       aGreet = _.isString(a) && reGreet.test(a),
     *       bGreet = _.isString(b) && reGreet.test(b);
     *
     *   return (aGreet || bGreet) ? (aGreet == bGreet) : undefined;
     * });
     * // => true
     */
    function isEqual(a, b, callback, thisArg) {
      return baseIsEqual(a, b, typeof callback == 'function' && baseCreateCallback(callback, thisArg, 2));
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is, or can be coerced to, a finite number.
     *
     * Note: This is not the same as native `isFinite` which will return true for
     * booleans and empty strings. See http://es5.github.io/#x15.1.2.5.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is finite, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.isFinite(-101);
     * // => true
     *
     * _.isFinite('10');
     * // => true
     *
     * _.isFinite(true);
     * // => false
     *
     * _.isFinite('');
     * // => false
     *
     * _.isFinite(Infinity);
     * // => false
     */
    function isFinite(value) {
      return nativeIsFinite(value) && !nativeIsNaN(parseFloat(value));
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is a function.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is a function, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.isFunction(_);
     * // => true
     */
    function isFunction(value) {
      return typeof value == 'function';
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is the language type of Object.
     * (e.g. arrays, functions, objects, regexes, `new Number(0)`, and `new String('')`)
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is an object, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.isObject({});
     * // => true
     *
     * _.isObject([1, 2, 3]);
     * // => true
     *
     * _.isObject(1);
     * // => false
     */
    function isObject(value) {
      // check if the value is the ECMAScript language type of Object
      // http://es5.github.io/#x8
      // and avoid a V8 bug
      // http://code.google.com/p/v8/issues/detail?id=2291
      return !!(value && objectTypes[typeof value]);
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is `NaN`.
     *
     * Note: This is not the same as native `isNaN` which will return `true` for
     * `undefined` and other non-numeric values. See http://es5.github.io/#x15.1.2.4.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is `NaN`, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.isNaN(NaN);
     * // => true
     *
     * _.isNaN(new Number(NaN));
     * // => true
     *
     * isNaN(undefined);
     * // => true
     *
     * _.isNaN(undefined);
     * // => false
     */
    function isNaN(value) {
      // `NaN` as a primitive is the only value that is not equal to itself
      // (perform the [[Class]] check first to avoid errors with some host objects in IE)
      return isNumber(value) && value != +value;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is `null`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is `null`, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.isNull(null);
     * // => true
     *
     * _.isNull(undefined);
     * // => false
     */
    function isNull(value) {
      return value === null;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is a number.
     *
     * Note: `NaN` is considered a number. See http://es5.github.io/#x8.5.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is a number, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.isNumber(8.4 * 5);
     * // => true
     */
    function isNumber(value) {
      return typeof value == 'number' ||
        value && typeof value == 'object' && toString.call(value) == numberClass || false;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is an object created by the `Object` constructor.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a plain object, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * function Shape() {
     *   this.x = 0;
     *   this.y = 0;
     * }
     *
     * _.isPlainObject(new Shape);
     * // => false
     *
     * _.isPlainObject([1, 2, 3]);
     * // => false
     *
     * _.isPlainObject({ 'x': 0, 'y': 0 });
     * // => true
     */
    var isPlainObject = !getPrototypeOf ? shimIsPlainObject : function(value) {
      if (!(value && toString.call(value) == objectClass)) {
        return false;
      }
      var valueOf = value.valueOf,
          objProto = isNative(valueOf) && (objProto = getPrototypeOf(valueOf)) && getPrototypeOf(objProto);

      return objProto
        ? (value == objProto || getPrototypeOf(value) == objProto)
        : shimIsPlainObject(value);
    };

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is a regular expression.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is a regular expression, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.isRegExp(/fred/);
     * // => true
     */
    function isRegExp(value) {
      return value && typeof value == 'object' && toString.call(value) == regexpClass || false;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is a string.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is a string, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.isString('fred');
     * // => true
     */
    function isString(value) {
      return typeof value == 'string' ||
        value && typeof value == 'object' && toString.call(value) == stringClass || false;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is `undefined`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is `undefined`, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.isUndefined(void 0);
     * // => true
     */
    function isUndefined(value) {
      return typeof value == 'undefined';
    }

    /**
     * Creates an object with the same keys as `object` and values generated by
     * running each own enumerable property of `object` through the callback.
     * The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments;
     * (value, key, object).
     *
     * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
     * callback will return the property value of the given element.
     *
     * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
     * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
     * else `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
     *  per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
     *  to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {Array} Returns a new object with values of the results of each `callback` execution.
     * @example
     *
     * _.mapValues({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3} , function(num) { return num * 3; });
     * // => { 'a': 3, 'b': 6, 'c': 9 }
     *
     * var characters = {
     *   'fred': { 'name': 'fred', 'age': 40 },
     *   'pebbles': { 'name': 'pebbles', 'age': 1 }
     * };
     *
     * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
     * _.mapValues(characters, 'age');
     * // => { 'fred': 40, 'pebbles': 1 }
     */
    function mapValues(object, callback, thisArg) {
      var result = {};
      callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);

      forOwn(object, function(value, key, object) {
        result[key] = callback(value, key, object);
      });
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Recursively merges own enumerable properties of the source object(s), that
     * don't resolve to `undefined` into the destination object. Subsequent sources
     * will overwrite property assignments of previous sources. If a callback is
     * provided it will be executed to produce the merged values of the destination
     * and source properties. If the callback returns `undefined` merging will
     * be handled by the method instead. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and
     * invoked with two arguments; (objectValue, sourceValue).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {Object} object The destination object.
     * @param {...Object} [source] The source objects.
     * @param {Function} [callback] The function to customize merging properties.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {Object} Returns the destination object.
     * @example
     *
     * var names = {
     *   'characters': [
     *     { 'name': 'barney' },
     *     { 'name': 'fred' }
     *   ]
     * };
     *
     * var ages = {
     *   'characters': [
     *     { 'age': 36 },
     *     { 'age': 40 }
     *   ]
     * };
     *
     * _.merge(names, ages);
     * // => { 'characters': [{ 'name': 'barney', 'age': 36 }, { 'name': 'fred', 'age': 40 }] }
     *
     * var food = {
     *   'fruits': ['apple'],
     *   'vegetables': ['beet']
     * };
     *
     * var otherFood = {
     *   'fruits': ['banana'],
     *   'vegetables': ['carrot']
     * };
     *
     * _.merge(food, otherFood, function(a, b) {
     *   return _.isArray(a) ? a.concat(b) : undefined;
     * });
     * // => { 'fruits': ['apple', 'banana'], 'vegetables': ['beet', 'carrot] }
     */
    function merge(object) {
      var args = arguments,
          length = 2;

      if (!isObject(object)) {
        return object;
      }
      // allows working with `_.reduce` and `_.reduceRight` without using
      // their `index` and `collection` arguments
      if (typeof args[2] != 'number') {
        length = args.length;
      }
      if (length > 3 && typeof args[length - 2] == 'function') {
        var callback = baseCreateCallback(args[--length - 1], args[length--], 2);
      } else if (length > 2 && typeof args[length - 1] == 'function') {
        callback = args[--length];
      }
      var sources = slice(arguments, 1, length),
          index = -1,
          stackA = getArray(),
          stackB = getArray();

      while (++index < length) {
        baseMerge(object, sources[index], callback, stackA, stackB);
      }
      releaseArray(stackA);
      releaseArray(stackB);
      return object;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a shallow clone of `object` excluding the specified properties.
     * Property names may be specified as individual arguments or as arrays of
     * property names. If a callback is provided it will be executed for each
     * property of `object` omitting the properties the callback returns truey
     * for. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments;
     * (value, key, object).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {Object} object The source object.
     * @param {Function|...string|string[]} [callback] The properties to omit or the
     *  function called per iteration.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {Object} Returns an object without the omitted properties.
     * @example
     *
     * _.omit({ 'name': 'fred', 'age': 40 }, 'age');
     * // => { 'name': 'fred' }
     *
     * _.omit({ 'name': 'fred', 'age': 40 }, function(value) {
     *   return typeof value == 'number';
     * });
     * // => { 'name': 'fred' }
     */
    function omit(object, callback, thisArg) {
      var result = {};
      if (typeof callback != 'function') {
        var props = [];
        forIn(object, function(value, key) {
          props.push(key);
        });
        props = baseDifference(props, baseFlatten(arguments, true, false, 1));

        var index = -1,
            length = props.length;

        while (++index < length) {
          var key = props[index];
          result[key] = object[key];
        }
      } else {
        callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
        forIn(object, function(value, key, object) {
          if (!callback(value, key, object)) {
            result[key] = value;
          }
        });
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a two dimensional array of an object's key-value pairs,
     * i.e. `[[key1, value1], [key2, value2]]`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
     * @returns {Array} Returns new array of key-value pairs.
     * @example
     *
     * _.pairs({ 'barney': 36, 'fred': 40 });
     * // => [['barney', 36], ['fred', 40]] (property order is not guaranteed across environments)
     */
    function pairs(object) {
      var index = -1,
          props = keys(object),
          length = props.length,
          result = Array(length);

      while (++index < length) {
        var key = props[index];
        result[index] = [key, object[key]];
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a shallow clone of `object` composed of the specified properties.
     * Property names may be specified as individual arguments or as arrays of
     * property names. If a callback is provided it will be executed for each
     * property of `object` picking the properties the callback returns truey
     * for. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments;
     * (value, key, object).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {Object} object The source object.
     * @param {Function|...string|string[]} [callback] The function called per
     *  iteration or property names to pick, specified as individual property
     *  names or arrays of property names.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {Object} Returns an object composed of the picked properties.
     * @example
     *
     * _.pick({ 'name': 'fred', '_userid': 'fred1' }, 'name');
     * // => { 'name': 'fred' }
     *
     * _.pick({ 'name': 'fred', '_userid': 'fred1' }, function(value, key) {
     *   return key.charAt(0) != '_';
     * });
     * // => { 'name': 'fred' }
     */
    function pick(object, callback, thisArg) {
      var result = {};
      if (typeof callback != 'function') {
        var index = -1,
            props = baseFlatten(arguments, true, false, 1),
            length = isObject(object) ? props.length : 0;

        while (++index < length) {
          var key = props[index];
          if (key in object) {
            result[key] = object[key];
          }
        }
      } else {
        callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
        forIn(object, function(value, key, object) {
          if (callback(value, key, object)) {
            result[key] = value;
          }
        });
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * An alternative to `_.reduce` this method transforms `object` to a new
     * `accumulator` object which is the result of running each of its own
     * enumerable properties through a callback, with each callback execution
     * potentially mutating the `accumulator` object. The callback is bound to
     * `thisArg` and invoked with four arguments; (accumulator, value, key, object).
     * Callbacks may exit iteration early by explicitly returning `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {Array|Object} object The object to iterate over.
     * @param {Function} [callback=identity] The function called per iteration.
     * @param {*} [accumulator] The custom accumulator value.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {*} Returns the accumulated value.
     * @example
     *
     * var squares = _.transform([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10], function(result, num) {
     *   num *= num;
     *   if (num % 2) {
     *     return result.push(num) < 3;
     *   }
     * });
     * // => [1, 9, 25]
     *
     * var mapped = _.transform({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3 }, function(result, num, key) {
     *   result[key] = num * 3;
     * });
     * // => { 'a': 3, 'b': 6, 'c': 9 }
     */
    function transform(object, callback, accumulator, thisArg) {
      var isArr = isArray(object);
      if (accumulator == null) {
        if (isArr) {
          accumulator = [];
        } else {
          var ctor = object && object.constructor,
              proto = ctor && ctor.prototype;

          accumulator = baseCreate(proto);
        }
      }
      if (callback) {
        callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 4);
        (isArr ? forEach : forOwn)(object, function(value, index, object) {
          return callback(accumulator, value, index, object);
        });
      }
      return accumulator;
    }

    /**
     * Creates an array composed of the own enumerable property values of `object`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
     * @returns {Array} Returns an array of property values.
     * @example
     *
     * _.values({ 'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3 });
     * // => [1, 2, 3] (property order is not guaranteed across environments)
     */
    function values(object) {
      var index = -1,
          props = keys(object),
          length = props.length,
          result = Array(length);

      while (++index < length) {
        result[index] = object[props[index]];
      }
      return result;
    }

    /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

    /**
     * Creates an array of elements from the specified indexes, or keys, of the
     * `collection`. Indexes may be specified as individual arguments or as arrays
     * of indexes.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {...(number|number[]|string|string[])} [index] The indexes of `collection`
     *   to retrieve, specified as individual indexes or arrays of indexes.
     * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of elements corresponding to the
     *  provided indexes.
     * @example
     *
     * _.at(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e'], [0, 2, 4]);
     * // => ['a', 'c', 'e']
     *
     * _.at(['fred', 'barney', 'pebbles'], 0, 2);
     * // => ['fred', 'pebbles']
     */
    function at(collection) {
      var args = arguments,
          index = -1,
          props = baseFlatten(args, true, false, 1),
          length = (args[2] && args[2][args[1]] === collection) ? 1 : props.length,
          result = Array(length);

      while(++index < length) {
        result[index] = collection[props[index]];
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if a given value is present in a collection using strict equality
     * for comparisons, i.e. `===`. If `fromIndex` is negative, it is used as the
     * offset from the end of the collection.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @alias include
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {*} target The value to check for.
     * @param {number} [fromIndex=0] The index to search from.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `target` element is found, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.contains([1, 2, 3], 1);
     * // => true
     *
     * _.contains([1, 2, 3], 1, 2);
     * // => false
     *
     * _.contains({ 'name': 'fred', 'age': 40 }, 'fred');
     * // => true
     *
     * _.contains('pebbles', 'eb');
     * // => true
     */
    function contains(collection, target, fromIndex) {
      var index = -1,
          indexOf = getIndexOf(),
          length = collection ? collection.length : 0,
          result = false;

      fromIndex = (fromIndex < 0 ? nativeMax(0, length + fromIndex) : fromIndex) || 0;
      if (isArray(collection)) {
        result = indexOf(collection, target, fromIndex) > -1;
      } else if (typeof length == 'number') {
        result = (isString(collection) ? collection.indexOf(target, fromIndex) : indexOf(collection, target, fromIndex)) > -1;
      } else {
        forOwn(collection, function(value) {
          if (++index >= fromIndex) {
            return !(result = value === target);
          }
        });
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Creates an object composed of keys generated from the results of running
     * each element of `collection` through the callback. The corresponding value
     * of each key is the number of times the key was returned by the callback.
     * The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments;
     * (value, index|key, collection).
     *
     * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
     * callback will return the property value of the given element.
     *
     * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
     * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
     * else `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
     *  per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
     *  to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {Object} Returns the composed aggregate object.
     * @example
     *
     * _.countBy([4.3, 6.1, 6.4], function(num) { return Math.floor(num); });
     * // => { '4': 1, '6': 2 }
     *
     * _.countBy([4.3, 6.1, 6.4], function(num) { return this.floor(num); }, Math);
     * // => { '4': 1, '6': 2 }
     *
     * _.countBy(['one', 'two', 'three'], 'length');
     * // => { '3': 2, '5': 1 }
     */
    var countBy = createAggregator(function(result, value, key) {
      (hasOwnProperty.call(result, key) ? result[key]++ : result[key] = 1);
    });

    /**
     * Checks if the given callback returns truey value for **all** elements of
     * a collection. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three
     * arguments; (value, index|key, collection).
     *
     * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
     * callback will return the property value of the given element.
     *
     * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
     * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
     * else `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @alias all
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
     *  per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
     *  to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if all elements passed the callback check,
     *  else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.every([true, 1, null, 'yes']);
     * // => false
     *
     * var characters = [
     *   { 'name': 'barney', 'age': 36 },
     *   { 'name': 'fred',   'age': 40 }
     * ];
     *
     * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
     * _.every(characters, 'age');
     * // => true
     *
     * // using "_.where" callback shorthand
     * _.every(characters, { 'age': 36 });
     * // => false
     */
    function every(collection, callback, thisArg) {
      var result = true;
      callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);

      var index = -1,
          length = collection ? collection.length : 0;

      if (typeof length == 'number') {
        while (++index < length) {
          if (!(result = !!callback(collection[index], index, collection))) {
            break;
          }
        }
      } else {
        forOwn(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
          return (result = !!callback(value, index, collection));
        });
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Iterates over elements of a collection, returning an array of all elements
     * the callback returns truey for. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and
     * invoked with three arguments; (value, index|key, collection).
     *
     * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
     * callback will return the property value of the given element.
     *
     * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
     * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
     * else `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @alias select
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
     *  per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
     *  to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of elements that passed the callback check.
     * @example
     *
     * var evens = _.filter([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], function(num) { return num % 2 == 0; });
     * // => [2, 4, 6]
     *
     * var characters = [
     *   { 'name': 'barney', 'age': 36, 'blocked': false },
     *   { 'name': 'fred',   'age': 40, 'blocked': true }
     * ];
     *
     * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
     * _.filter(characters, 'blocked');
     * // => [{ 'name': 'fred', 'age': 40, 'blocked': true }]
     *
     * // using "_.where" callback shorthand
     * _.filter(characters, { 'age': 36 });
     * // => [{ 'name': 'barney', 'age': 36, 'blocked': false }]
     */
    function filter(collection, callback, thisArg) {
      var result = [];
      callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);

      var index = -1,
          length = collection ? collection.length : 0;

      if (typeof length == 'number') {
        while (++index < length) {
          var value = collection[index];
          if (callback(value, index, collection)) {
            result.push(value);
          }
        }
      } else {
        forOwn(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
          if (callback(value, index, collection)) {
            result.push(value);
          }
        });
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Iterates over elements of a collection, returning the first element that
     * the callback returns truey for. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and
     * invoked with three arguments; (value, index|key, collection).
     *
     * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
     * callback will return the property value of the given element.
     *
     * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
     * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
     * else `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @alias detect, findWhere
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
     *  per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
     *  to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {*} Returns the found element, else `undefined`.
     * @example
     *
     * var characters = [
     *   { 'name': 'barney',  'age': 36, 'blocked': false },
     *   { 'name': 'fred',    'age': 40, 'blocked': true },
     *   { 'name': 'pebbles', 'age': 1,  'blocked': false }
     * ];
     *
     * _.find(characters, function(chr) {
     *   return chr.age < 40;
     * });
     * // => { 'name': 'barney', 'age': 36, 'blocked': false }
     *
     * // using "_.where" callback shorthand
     * _.find(characters, { 'age': 1 });
     * // =>  { 'name': 'pebbles', 'age': 1, 'blocked': false }
     *
     * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
     * _.find(characters, 'blocked');
     * // => { 'name': 'fred', 'age': 40, 'blocked': true }
     */
    function find(collection, callback, thisArg) {
      callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);

      var index = -1,
          length = collection ? collection.length : 0;

      if (typeof length == 'number') {
        while (++index < length) {
          var value = collection[index];
          if (callback(value, index, collection)) {
            return value;
          }
        }
      } else {
        var result;
        forOwn(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
          if (callback(value, index, collection)) {
            result = value;
            return false;
          }
        });
        return result;
      }
    }

    /**
     * This method is like `_.find` except that it iterates over elements
     * of a `collection` from right to left.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
     *  per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
     *  to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {*} Returns the found element, else `undefined`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.findLast([1, 2, 3, 4], function(num) {
     *   return num % 2 == 1;
     * });
     * // => 3
     */
    function findLast(collection, callback, thisArg) {
      var result;
      callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
      forEachRight(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
        if (callback(value, index, collection)) {
          result = value;
          return false;
        }
      });
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Iterates over elements of a collection, executing the callback for each
     * element. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments;
     * (value, index|key, collection). Callbacks may exit iteration early by
     * explicitly returning `false`.
     *
     * Note: As with other "Collections" methods, objects with a `length` property
     * are iterated like arrays. To avoid this behavior `_.forIn` or `_.forOwn`
     * may be used for object iteration.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @alias each
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Function} [callback=identity] The function called per iteration.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {Array|Object|string} Returns `collection`.
     * @example
     *
     * _([1, 2, 3]).forEach(function(num) { console.log(num); }).join(',');
     * // => logs each number and returns '1,2,3'
     *
     * _.forEach({ 'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3 }, function(num) { console.log(num); });
     * // => logs each number and returns the object (property order is not guaranteed across environments)
     */
    function forEach(collection, callback, thisArg) {
      var index = -1,
          length = collection ? collection.length : 0;

      callback = callback && typeof thisArg == 'undefined' ? callback : baseCreateCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
      if (typeof length == 'number') {
        while (++index < length) {
          if (callback(collection[index], index, collection) === false) {
            break;
          }
        }
      } else {
        forOwn(collection, callback);
      }
      return collection;
    }

    /**
     * This method is like `_.forEach` except that it iterates over elements
     * of a `collection` from right to left.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @alias eachRight
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Function} [callback=identity] The function called per iteration.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {Array|Object|string} Returns `collection`.
     * @example
     *
     * _([1, 2, 3]).forEachRight(function(num) { console.log(num); }).join(',');
     * // => logs each number from right to left and returns '3,2,1'
     */
    function forEachRight(collection, callback, thisArg) {
      var length = collection ? collection.length : 0;
      callback = callback && typeof thisArg == 'undefined' ? callback : baseCreateCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
      if (typeof length == 'number') {
        while (length--) {
          if (callback(collection[length], length, collection) === false) {
            break;
          }
        }
      } else {
        var props = keys(collection);
        length = props.length;
        forOwn(collection, function(value, key, collection) {
          key = props ? props[--length] : --length;
          return callback(collection[key], key, collection);
        });
      }
      return collection;
    }

    /**
     * Creates an object composed of keys generated from the results of running
     * each element of a collection through the callback. The corresponding value
     * of each key is an array of the elements responsible for generating the key.
     * The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments;
     * (value, index|key, collection).
     *
     * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
     * callback will return the property value of the given element.
     *
     * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
     * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
     * else `false`
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
     *  per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
     *  to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {Object} Returns the composed aggregate object.
     * @example
     *
     * _.groupBy([4.2, 6.1, 6.4], function(num) { return Math.floor(num); });
     * // => { '4': [4.2], '6': [6.1, 6.4] }
     *
     * _.groupBy([4.2, 6.1, 6.4], function(num) { return this.floor(num); }, Math);
     * // => { '4': [4.2], '6': [6.1, 6.4] }
     *
     * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
     * _.groupBy(['one', 'two', 'three'], 'length');
     * // => { '3': ['one', 'two'], '5': ['three'] }
     */
    var groupBy = createAggregator(function(result, value, key) {
      (hasOwnProperty.call(result, key) ? result[key] : result[key] = []).push(value);
    });

    /**
     * Creates an object composed of keys generated from the results of running
     * each element of the collection through the given callback. The corresponding
     * value of each key is the last element responsible for generating the key.
     * The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments;
     * (value, index|key, collection).
     *
     * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
     * callback will return the property value of the given element.
     *
     * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
     * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
     * else `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
     *  per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
     *  to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {Object} Returns the composed aggregate object.
     * @example
     *
     * var keys = [
     *   { 'dir': 'left', 'code': 97 },
     *   { 'dir': 'right', 'code': 100 }
     * ];
     *
     * _.indexBy(keys, 'dir');
     * // => { 'left': { 'dir': 'left', 'code': 97 }, 'right': { 'dir': 'right', 'code': 100 } }
     *
     * _.indexBy(keys, function(key) { return String.fromCharCode(key.code); });
     * // => { 'a': { 'dir': 'left', 'code': 97 }, 'd': { 'dir': 'right', 'code': 100 } }
     *
     * _.indexBy(characters, function(key) { this.fromCharCode(key.code); }, String);
     * // => { 'a': { 'dir': 'left', 'code': 97 }, 'd': { 'dir': 'right', 'code': 100 } }
     */
    var indexBy = createAggregator(function(result, value, key) {
      result[key] = value;
    });

    /**
     * Invokes the method named by `methodName` on each element in the `collection`
     * returning an array of the results of each invoked method. Additional arguments
     * will be provided to each invoked method. If `methodName` is a function it
     * will be invoked for, and `this` bound to, each element in the `collection`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Function|string} methodName The name of the method to invoke or
     *  the function invoked per iteration.
     * @param {...*} [arg] Arguments to invoke the method with.
     * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of the results of each invoked method.
     * @example
     *
     * _.invoke([[5, 1, 7], [3, 2, 1]], 'sort');
     * // => [[1, 5, 7], [1, 2, 3]]
     *
     * _.invoke([123, 456], String.prototype.split, '');
     * // => [['1', '2', '3'], ['4', '5', '6']]
     */
    function invoke(collection, methodName) {
      var args = slice(arguments, 2),
          index = -1,
          isFunc = typeof methodName == 'function',
          length = collection ? collection.length : 0,
          result = Array(typeof length == 'number' ? length : 0);

      forEach(collection, function(value) {
        result[++index] = (isFunc ? methodName : value[methodName]).apply(value, args);
      });
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Creates an array of values by running each element in the collection
     * through the callback. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with
     * three arguments; (value, index|key, collection).
     *
     * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
     * callback will return the property value of the given element.
     *
     * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
     * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
     * else `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @alias collect
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
     *  per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
     *  to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of the results of each `callback` execution.
     * @example
     *
     * _.map([1, 2, 3], function(num) { return num * 3; });
     * // => [3, 6, 9]
     *
     * _.map({ 'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3 }, function(num) { return num * 3; });
     * // => [3, 6, 9] (property order is not guaranteed across environments)
     *
     * var characters = [
     *   { 'name': 'barney', 'age': 36 },
     *   { 'name': 'fred',   'age': 40 }
     * ];
     *
     * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
     * _.map(characters, 'name');
     * // => ['barney', 'fred']
     */
    function map(collection, callback, thisArg) {
      var index = -1,
          length = collection ? collection.length : 0;

      callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
      if (typeof length == 'number') {
        var result = Array(length);
        while (++index < length) {
          result[index] = callback(collection[index], index, collection);
        }
      } else {
        result = [];
        forOwn(collection, function(value, key, collection) {
          result[++index] = callback(value, key, collection);
        });
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Retrieves the maximum value of a collection. If the collection is empty or
     * falsey `-Infinity` is returned. If a callback is provided it will be executed
     * for each value in the collection to generate the criterion by which the value
     * is ranked. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three
     * arguments; (value, index, collection).
     *
     * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
     * callback will return the property value of the given element.
     *
     * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
     * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
     * else `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
     *  per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
     *  to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {*} Returns the maximum value.
     * @example
     *
     * _.max([4, 2, 8, 6]);
     * // => 8
     *
     * var characters = [
     *   { 'name': 'barney', 'age': 36 },
     *   { 'name': 'fred',   'age': 40 }
     * ];
     *
     * _.max(characters, function(chr) { return chr.age; });
     * // => { 'name': 'fred', 'age': 40 };
     *
     * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
     * _.max(characters, 'age');
     * // => { 'name': 'fred', 'age': 40 };
     */
    function max(collection, callback, thisArg) {
      var computed = -Infinity,
          result = computed;

      // allows working with functions like `_.map` without using
      // their `index` argument as a callback
      if (typeof callback != 'function' && thisArg && thisArg[callback] === collection) {
        callback = null;
      }
      if (callback == null && isArray(collection)) {
        var index = -1,
            length = collection.length;

        while (++index < length) {
          var value = collection[index];
          if (value > result) {
            result = value;
          }
        }
      } else {
        callback = (callback == null && isString(collection))
          ? charAtCallback
          : lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);

        forEach(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
          var current = callback(value, index, collection);
          if (current > computed) {
            computed = current;
            result = value;
          }
        });
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Retrieves the minimum value of a collection. If the collection is empty or
     * falsey `Infinity` is returned. If a callback is provided it will be executed
     * for each value in the collection to generate the criterion by which the value
     * is ranked. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three
     * arguments; (value, index, collection).
     *
     * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
     * callback will return the property value of the given element.
     *
     * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
     * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
     * else `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
     *  per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
     *  to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {*} Returns the minimum value.
     * @example
     *
     * _.min([4, 2, 8, 6]);
     * // => 2
     *
     * var characters = [
     *   { 'name': 'barney', 'age': 36 },
     *   { 'name': 'fred',   'age': 40 }
     * ];
     *
     * _.min(characters, function(chr) { return chr.age; });
     * // => { 'name': 'barney', 'age': 36 };
     *
     * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
     * _.min(characters, 'age');
     * // => { 'name': 'barney', 'age': 36 };
     */
    function min(collection, callback, thisArg) {
      var computed = Infinity,
          result = computed;

      // allows working with functions like `_.map` without using
      // their `index` argument as a callback
      if (typeof callback != 'function' && thisArg && thisArg[callback] === collection) {
        callback = null;
      }
      if (callback == null && isArray(collection)) {
        var index = -1,
            length = collection.length;

        while (++index < length) {
          var value = collection[index];
          if (value < result) {
            result = value;
          }
        }
      } else {
        callback = (callback == null && isString(collection))
          ? charAtCallback
          : lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);

        forEach(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
          var current = callback(value, index, collection);
          if (current < computed) {
            computed = current;
            result = value;
          }
        });
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Retrieves the value of a specified property from all elements in the collection.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @type Function
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {string} property The name of the property to pluck.
     * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of property values.
     * @example
     *
     * var characters = [
     *   { 'name': 'barney', 'age': 36 },
     *   { 'name': 'fred',   'age': 40 }
     * ];
     *
     * _.pluck(characters, 'name');
     * // => ['barney', 'fred']
     */
    var pluck = map;

    /**
     * Reduces a collection to a value which is the accumulated result of running
     * each element in the collection through the callback, where each successive
     * callback execution consumes the return value of the previous execution. If
     * `accumulator` is not provided the first element of the collection will be
     * used as the initial `accumulator` value. The callback is bound to `thisArg`
     * and invoked with four arguments; (accumulator, value, index|key, collection).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @alias foldl, inject
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Function} [callback=identity] The function called per iteration.
     * @param {*} [accumulator] Initial value of the accumulator.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {*} Returns the accumulated value.
     * @example
     *
     * var sum = _.reduce([1, 2, 3], function(sum, num) {
     *   return sum + num;
     * });
     * // => 6
     *
     * var mapped = _.reduce({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3 }, function(result, num, key) {
     *   result[key] = num * 3;
     *   return result;
     * }, {});
     * // => { 'a': 3, 'b': 6, 'c': 9 }
     */
    function reduce(collection, callback, accumulator, thisArg) {
      if (!collection) return accumulator;
      var noaccum = arguments.length < 3;
      callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 4);

      var index = -1,
          length = collection.length;

      if (typeof length == 'number') {
        if (noaccum) {
          accumulator = collection[++index];
        }
        while (++index < length) {
          accumulator = callback(accumulator, collection[index], index, collection);
        }
      } else {
        forOwn(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
          accumulator = noaccum
            ? (noaccum = false, value)
            : callback(accumulator, value, index, collection)
        });
      }
      return accumulator;
    }

    /**
     * This method is like `_.reduce` except that it iterates over elements
     * of a `collection` from right to left.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @alias foldr
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Function} [callback=identity] The function called per iteration.
     * @param {*} [accumulator] Initial value of the accumulator.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {*} Returns the accumulated value.
     * @example
     *
     * var list = [[0, 1], [2, 3], [4, 5]];
     * var flat = _.reduceRight(list, function(a, b) { return a.concat(b); }, []);
     * // => [4, 5, 2, 3, 0, 1]
     */
    function reduceRight(collection, callback, accumulator, thisArg) {
      var noaccum = arguments.length < 3;
      callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 4);
      forEachRight(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
        accumulator = noaccum
          ? (noaccum = false, value)
          : callback(accumulator, value, index, collection);
      });
      return accumulator;
    }

    /**
     * The opposite of `_.filter` this method returns the elements of a
     * collection that the callback does **not** return truey for.
     *
     * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
     * callback will return the property value of the given element.
     *
     * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
     * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
     * else `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
     *  per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
     *  to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of elements that failed the callback check.
     * @example
     *
     * var odds = _.reject([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], function(num) { return num % 2 == 0; });
     * // => [1, 3, 5]
     *
     * var characters = [
     *   { 'name': 'barney', 'age': 36, 'blocked': false },
     *   { 'name': 'fred',   'age': 40, 'blocked': true }
     * ];
     *
     * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
     * _.reject(characters, 'blocked');
     * // => [{ 'name': 'barney', 'age': 36, 'blocked': false }]
     *
     * // using "_.where" callback shorthand
     * _.reject(characters, { 'age': 36 });
     * // => [{ 'name': 'fred', 'age': 40, 'blocked': true }]
     */
    function reject(collection, callback, thisArg) {
      callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
      return filter(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
        return !callback(value, index, collection);
      });
    }

    /**
     * Retrieves a random element or `n` random elements from a collection.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to sample.
     * @param {number} [n] The number of elements to sample.
     * @param- {Object} [guard] Allows working with functions like `_.map`
     *  without using their `index` arguments as `n`.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the random sample(s) of `collection`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.sample([1, 2, 3, 4]);
     * // => 2
     *
     * _.sample([1, 2, 3, 4], 2);
     * // => [3, 1]
     */
    function sample(collection, n, guard) {
      if (collection && typeof collection.length != 'number') {
        collection = values(collection);
      }
      if (n == null || guard) {
        return collection ? collection[baseRandom(0, collection.length - 1)] : undefined;
      }
      var result = shuffle(collection);
      result.length = nativeMin(nativeMax(0, n), result.length);
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Creates an array of shuffled values, using a version of the Fisher-Yates
     * shuffle. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisher-Yates_shuffle.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to shuffle.
     * @returns {Array} Returns a new shuffled collection.
     * @example
     *
     * _.shuffle([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]);
     * // => [4, 1, 6, 3, 5, 2]
     */
    function shuffle(collection) {
      var index = -1,
          length = collection ? collection.length : 0,
          result = Array(typeof length == 'number' ? length : 0);

      forEach(collection, function(value) {
        var rand = baseRandom(0, ++index);
        result[index] = result[rand];
        result[rand] = value;
      });
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Gets the size of the `collection` by returning `collection.length` for arrays
     * and array-like objects or the number of own enumerable properties for objects.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to inspect.
     * @returns {number} Returns `collection.length` or number of own enumerable properties.
     * @example
     *
     * _.size([1, 2]);
     * // => 2
     *
     * _.size({ 'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3 });
     * // => 3
     *
     * _.size('pebbles');
     * // => 7
     */
    function size(collection) {
      var length = collection ? collection.length : 0;
      return typeof length == 'number' ? length : keys(collection).length;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if the callback returns a truey value for **any** element of a
     * collection. The function returns as soon as it finds a passing value and
     * does not iterate over the entire collection. The callback is bound to
     * `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments; (value, index|key, collection).
     *
     * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
     * callback will return the property value of the given element.
     *
     * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
     * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
     * else `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @alias any
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
     *  per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
     *  to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if any element passed the callback check,
     *  else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.some([null, 0, 'yes', false], Boolean);
     * // => true
     *
     * var characters = [
     *   { 'name': 'barney', 'age': 36, 'blocked': false },
     *   { 'name': 'fred',   'age': 40, 'blocked': true }
     * ];
     *
     * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
     * _.some(characters, 'blocked');
     * // => true
     *
     * // using "_.where" callback shorthand
     * _.some(characters, { 'age': 1 });
     * // => false
     */
    function some(collection, callback, thisArg) {
      var result;
      callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);

      var index = -1,
          length = collection ? collection.length : 0;

      if (typeof length == 'number') {
        while (++index < length) {
          if ((result = callback(collection[index], index, collection))) {
            break;
          }
        }
      } else {
        forOwn(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
          return !(result = callback(value, index, collection));
        });
      }
      return !!result;
    }

    /**
     * Creates an array of elements, sorted in ascending order by the results of
     * running each element in a collection through the callback. This method
     * performs a stable sort, that is, it will preserve the original sort order
     * of equal elements. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with
     * three arguments; (value, index|key, collection).
     *
     * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
     * callback will return the property value of the given element.
     *
     * If an array of property names is provided for `callback` the collection
     * will be sorted by each property value.
     *
     * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
     * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
     * else `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Array|Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
     *  per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
     *  to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of sorted elements.
     * @example
     *
     * _.sortBy([1, 2, 3], function(num) { return Math.sin(num); });
     * // => [3, 1, 2]
     *
     * _.sortBy([1, 2, 3], function(num) { return this.sin(num); }, Math);
     * // => [3, 1, 2]
     *
     * var characters = [
     *   { 'name': 'barney',  'age': 36 },
     *   { 'name': 'fred',    'age': 40 },
     *   { 'name': 'barney',  'age': 26 },
     *   { 'name': 'fred',    'age': 30 }
     * ];
     *
     * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
     * _.map(_.sortBy(characters, 'age'), _.values);
     * // => [['barney', 26], ['fred', 30], ['barney', 36], ['fred', 40]]
     *
     * // sorting by multiple properties
     * _.map(_.sortBy(characters, ['name', 'age']), _.values);
     * // = > [['barney', 26], ['barney', 36], ['fred', 30], ['fred', 40]]
     */
    function sortBy(collection, callback, thisArg) {
      var index = -1,
          isArr = isArray(callback),
          length = collection ? collection.length : 0,
          result = Array(typeof length == 'number' ? length : 0);

      if (!isArr) {
        callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
      }
      forEach(collection, function(value, key, collection) {
        var object = result[++index] = getObject();
        if (isArr) {
          object.criteria = map(callback, function(key) { return value[key]; });
        } else {
          (object.criteria = getArray())[0] = callback(value, key, collection);
        }
        object.index = index;
        object.value = value;
      });

      length = result.length;
      result.sort(compareAscending);
      while (length--) {
        var object = result[length];
        result[length] = object.value;
        if (!isArr) {
          releaseArray(object.criteria);
        }
        releaseObject(object);
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Converts the `collection` to an array.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to convert.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the new converted array.
     * @example
     *
     * (function() { return _.toArray(arguments).slice(1); })(1, 2, 3, 4);
     * // => [2, 3, 4]
     */
    function toArray(collection) {
      if (collection && typeof collection.length == 'number') {
        return slice(collection);
      }
      return values(collection);
    }

    /**
     * Performs a deep comparison of each element in a `collection` to the given
     * `properties` object, returning an array of all elements that have equivalent
     * property values.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @type Function
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Object} props The object of property values to filter by.
     * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of elements that have the given properties.
     * @example
     *
     * var characters = [
     *   { 'name': 'barney', 'age': 36, 'pets': ['hoppy'] },
     *   { 'name': 'fred',   'age': 40, 'pets': ['baby puss', 'dino'] }
     * ];
     *
     * _.where(characters, { 'age': 36 });
     * // => [{ 'name': 'barney', 'age': 36, 'pets': ['hoppy'] }]
     *
     * _.where(characters, { 'pets': ['dino'] });
     * // => [{ 'name': 'fred', 'age': 40, 'pets': ['baby puss', 'dino'] }]
     */
    var where = filter;

    /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

    /**
     * Creates an array with all falsey values removed. The values `false`, `null`,
     * `0`, `""`, `undefined`, and `NaN` are all falsey.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Arrays
     * @param {Array} array The array to compact.
     * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of filtered values.
     * @example
     *
     * _.compact([0, 1, false, 2, '', 3]);
     * // => [1, 2, 3]
     */
    function compact(array) {
      var index = -1,
          length = array ? array.length : 0,
          result = [];

      while (++index < length) {
        var value = array[index];
        if (value) {
          result.push(value);
        }
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Creates an array excluding all values of the provided arrays using strict
     * equality for comparisons, i.e. `===`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Arrays
     * @param {Array} array The array to process.
     * @param {...Array} [values] The arrays of values to exclude.
     * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of filtered values.
     * @example
     *
     * _.difference([1, 2, 3, 4, 5], [5, 2, 10]);
     * // => [1, 3, 4]
     */
    function difference(array) {
      return baseDifference(array, baseFlatten(arguments, true, true, 1));
    }

    /**
     * This method is like `_.find` except that it returns the index of the first
     * element that passes the callback check, instead of the element itself.
     *
     * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
     * callback will return the property value of the given element.
     *
     * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
     * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
     * else `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Arrays
     * @param {Array} array The array to search.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
     *  per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
     *  to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {number} Returns the index of the found element, else `-1`.
     * @example
     *
     * var characters = [
     *   { 'name': 'barney',  'age': 36, 'blocked': false },
     *   { 'name': 'fred',    'age': 40, 'blocked': true },
     *   { 'name': 'pebbles', 'age': 1,  'blocked': false }
     * ];
     *
     * _.findIndex(characters, function(chr) {
     *   return chr.age < 20;
     * });
     * // => 2
     *
     * // using "_.where" callback shorthand
     * _.findIndex(characters, { 'age': 36 });
     * // => 0
     *
     * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
     * _.findIndex(characters, 'blocked');
     * // => 1
     */
    function findIndex(array, callback, thisArg) {
      var index = -1,
          length = array ? array.length : 0;

      callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
      while (++index < length) {
        if (callback(array[index], index, array)) {
          return index;
        }
      }
      return -1;
    }

    /**
     * This method is like `_.findIndex` except that it iterates over elements
     * of a `collection` from right to left.
     *
     * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
     * callback will return the property value of the given element.
     *
     * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
     * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
     * else `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Arrays
     * @param {Array} array The array to search.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
     *  per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
     *  to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {number} Returns the index of the found element, else `-1`.
     * @example
     *
     * var characters = [
     *   { 'name': 'barney',  'age': 36, 'blocked': true },
     *   { 'name': 'fred',    'age': 40, 'blocked': false },
     *   { 'name': 'pebbles', 'age': 1,  'blocked': true }
     * ];
     *
     * _.findLastIndex(characters, function(chr) {
     *   return chr.age > 30;
     * });
     * // => 1
     *
     * // using "_.where" callback shorthand
     * _.findLastIndex(characters, { 'age': 36 });
     * // => 0
     *
     * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
     * _.findLastIndex(characters, 'blocked');
     * // => 2
     */
    function findLastIndex(array, callback, thisArg) {
      var length = array ? array.length : 0;
      callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
      while (length--) {
        if (callback(array[length], length, array)) {
          return length;
        }
      }
      return -1;
    }

    /**
     * Gets the first element or first `n` elements of an array. If a callback
     * is provided elements at the beginning of the array are returned as long
     * as the callback returns truey. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and
     * invoked with three arguments; (value, index, array).
     *
     * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
     * callback will return the property value of the given element.
     *
     * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
     * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
     * else `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @alias head, take
     * @category Arrays
     * @param {Array} array The array to query.
     * @param {Function|Object|number|string} [callback] The function called
     *  per element or the number of elements to return. If a property name or
     *  object is provided it will be used to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where"
     *  style callback, respectively.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {*} Returns the first element(s) of `array`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.first([1, 2, 3]);
     * // => 1
     *
     * _.first([1, 2, 3], 2);
     * // => [1, 2]
     *
     * _.first([1, 2, 3], function(num) {
     *   return num < 3;
     * });
     * // => [1, 2]
     *
     * var characters = [
     *   { 'name': 'barney',  'blocked': true,  'employer': 'slate' },
     *   { 'name': 'fred',    'blocked': false, 'employer': 'slate' },
     *   { 'name': 'pebbles', 'blocked': true,  'employer': 'na' }
     * ];
     *
     * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
     * _.first(characters, 'blocked');
     * // => [{ 'name': 'barney', 'blocked': true, 'employer': 'slate' }]
     *
     * // using "_.where" callback shorthand
     * _.pluck(_.first(characters, { 'employer': 'slate' }), 'name');
     * // => ['barney', 'fred']
     */
    function first(array, callback, thisArg) {
      var n = 0,
          length = array ? array.length : 0;

      if (typeof callback != 'number' && callback != null) {
        var index = -1;
        callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
        while (++index < length && callback(array[index], index, array)) {
          n++;
        }
      } else {
        n = callback;
        if (n == null || thisArg) {
          return array ? array[0] : undefined;
        }
      }
      return slice(array, 0, nativeMin(nativeMax(0, n), length));
    }

    /**
     * Flattens a nested array (the nesting can be to any depth). If `isShallow`
     * is truey, the array will only be flattened a single level. If a callback
     * is provided each element of the array is passed through the callback before
     * flattening. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three
     * arguments; (value, index, array).
     *
     * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
     * callback will return the property value of the given element.
     *
     * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
     * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
     * else `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Arrays
     * @param {Array} array The array to flatten.
     * @param {boolean} [isShallow=false] A flag to restrict flattening to a single level.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
     *  per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
     *  to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {Array} Returns a new flattened array.
     * @example
     *
     * _.flatten([1, [2], [3, [[4]]]]);
     * // => [1, 2, 3, 4];
     *
     * _.flatten([1, [2], [3, [[4]]]], true);
     * // => [1, 2, 3, [[4]]];
     *
     * var characters = [
     *   { 'name': 'barney', 'age': 30, 'pets': ['hoppy'] },
     *   { 'name': 'fred',   'age': 40, 'pets': ['baby puss', 'dino'] }
     * ];
     *
     * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
     * _.flatten(characters, 'pets');
     * // => ['hoppy', 'baby puss', 'dino']
     */
    function flatten(array, isShallow, callback, thisArg) {
      // juggle arguments
      if (typeof isShallow != 'boolean' && isShallow != null) {
        thisArg = callback;
        callback = (typeof isShallow != 'function' && thisArg && thisArg[isShallow] === array) ? null : isShallow;
        isShallow = false;
      }
      if (callback != null) {
        array = map(array, callback, thisArg);
      }
      return baseFlatten(array, isShallow);
    }

    /**
     * Gets the index at which the first occurrence of `value` is found using
     * strict equality for comparisons, i.e. `===`. If the array is already sorted
     * providing `true` for `fromIndex` will run a faster binary search.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Arrays
     * @param {Array} array The array to search.
     * @param {*} value The value to search for.
     * @param {boolean|number} [fromIndex=0] The index to search from or `true`
     *  to perform a binary search on a sorted array.
     * @returns {number} Returns the index of the matched value or `-1`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.indexOf([1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3], 2);
     * // => 1
     *
     * _.indexOf([1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3], 2, 3);
     * // => 4
     *
     * _.indexOf([1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3], 2, true);
     * // => 2
     */
    function indexOf(array, value, fromIndex) {
      if (typeof fromIndex == 'number') {
        var length = array ? array.length : 0;
        fromIndex = (fromIndex < 0 ? nativeMax(0, length + fromIndex) : fromIndex || 0);
      } else if (fromIndex) {
        var index = sortedIndex(array, value);
        return array[index] === value ? index : -1;
      }
      return baseIndexOf(array, value, fromIndex);
    }

    /**
     * Gets all but the last element or last `n` elements of an array. If a
     * callback is provided elements at the end of the array are excluded from
     * the result as long as the callback returns truey. The callback is bound
     * to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments; (value, index, array).
     *
     * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
     * callback will return the property value of the given element.
     *
     * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
     * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
     * else `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Arrays
     * @param {Array} array The array to query.
     * @param {Function|Object|number|string} [callback=1] The function called
     *  per element or the number of elements to exclude. If a property name or
     *  object is provided it will be used to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where"
     *  style callback, respectively.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {Array} Returns a slice of `array`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.initial([1, 2, 3]);
     * // => [1, 2]
     *
     * _.initial([1, 2, 3], 2);
     * // => [1]
     *
     * _.initial([1, 2, 3], function(num) {
     *   return num > 1;
     * });
     * // => [1]
     *
     * var characters = [
     *   { 'name': 'barney',  'blocked': false, 'employer': 'slate' },
     *   { 'name': 'fred',    'blocked': true,  'employer': 'slate' },
     *   { 'name': 'pebbles', 'blocked': true,  'employer': 'na' }
     * ];
     *
     * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
     * _.initial(characters, 'blocked');
     * // => [{ 'name': 'barney',  'blocked': false, 'employer': 'slate' }]
     *
     * // using "_.where" callback shorthand
     * _.pluck(_.initial(characters, { 'employer': 'na' }), 'name');
     * // => ['barney', 'fred']
     */
    function initial(array, callback, thisArg) {
      var n = 0,
          length = array ? array.length : 0;

      if (typeof callback != 'number' && callback != null) {
        var index = length;
        callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
        while (index-- && callback(array[index], index, array)) {
          n++;
        }
      } else {
        n = (callback == null || thisArg) ? 1 : callback || n;
      }
      return slice(array, 0, nativeMin(nativeMax(0, length - n), length));
    }

    /**
     * Creates an array of unique values present in all provided arrays using
     * strict equality for comparisons, i.e. `===`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Arrays
     * @param {...Array} [array] The arrays to inspect.
     * @returns {Array} Returns an array of shared values.
     * @example
     *
     * _.intersection([1, 2, 3], [5, 2, 1, 4], [2, 1]);
     * // => [1, 2]
     */
    function intersection() {
      var args = [],
          argsIndex = -1,
          argsLength = arguments.length,
          caches = getArray(),
          indexOf = getIndexOf(),
          trustIndexOf = indexOf === baseIndexOf,
          seen = getArray();

      while (++argsIndex < argsLength) {
        var value = arguments[argsIndex];
        if (isArray(value) || isArguments(value)) {
          args.push(value);
          caches.push(trustIndexOf && value.length >= largeArraySize &&
            createCache(argsIndex ? args[argsIndex] : seen));
        }
      }
      var array = args[0],
          index = -1,
          length = array ? array.length : 0,
          result = [];

      outer:
      while (++index < length) {
        var cache = caches[0];
        value = array[index];

        if ((cache ? cacheIndexOf(cache, value) : indexOf(seen, value)) < 0) {
          argsIndex = argsLength;
          (cache || seen).push(value);
          while (--argsIndex) {
            cache = caches[argsIndex];
            if ((cache ? cacheIndexOf(cache, value) : indexOf(args[argsIndex], value)) < 0) {
              continue outer;
            }
          }
          result.push(value);
        }
      }
      while (argsLength--) {
        cache = caches[argsLength];
        if (cache) {
          releaseObject(cache);
        }
      }
      releaseArray(caches);
      releaseArray(seen);
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Gets the last element or last `n` elements of an array. If a callback is
     * provided elements at the end of the array are returned as long as the
     * callback returns truey. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked
     * with three arguments; (value, index, array).
     *
     * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
     * callback will return the property value of the given element.
     *
     * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
     * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
     * else `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Arrays
     * @param {Array} array The array to query.
     * @param {Function|Object|number|string} [callback] The function called
     *  per element or the number of elements to return. If a property name or
     *  object is provided it will be used to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where"
     *  style callback, respectively.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {*} Returns the last element(s) of `array`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.last([1, 2, 3]);
     * // => 3
     *
     * _.last([1, 2, 3], 2);
     * // => [2, 3]
     *
     * _.last([1, 2, 3], function(num) {
     *   return num > 1;
     * });
     * // => [2, 3]
     *
     * var characters = [
     *   { 'name': 'barney',  'blocked': false, 'employer': 'slate' },
     *   { 'name': 'fred',    'blocked': true,  'employer': 'slate' },
     *   { 'name': 'pebbles', 'blocked': true,  'employer': 'na' }
     * ];
     *
     * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
     * _.pluck(_.last(characters, 'blocked'), 'name');
     * // => ['fred', 'pebbles']
     *
     * // using "_.where" callback shorthand
     * _.last(characters, { 'employer': 'na' });
     * // => [{ 'name': 'pebbles', 'blocked': true, 'employer': 'na' }]
     */
    function last(array, callback, thisArg) {
      var n = 0,
          length = array ? array.length : 0;

      if (typeof callback != 'number' && callback != null) {
        var index = length;
        callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
        while (index-- && callback(array[index], index, array)) {
          n++;
        }
      } else {
        n = callback;
        if (n == null || thisArg) {
          return array ? array[length - 1] : undefined;
        }
      }
      return slice(array, nativeMax(0, length - n));
    }

    /**
     * Gets the index at which the last occurrence of `value` is found using strict
     * equality for comparisons, i.e. `===`. If `fromIndex` is negative, it is used
     * as the offset from the end of the collection.
     *
     * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
     * callback will return the property value of the given element.
     *
     * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
     * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
     * else `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Arrays
     * @param {Array} array The array to search.
     * @param {*} value The value to search for.
     * @param {number} [fromIndex=array.length-1] The index to search from.
     * @returns {number} Returns the index of the matched value or `-1`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.lastIndexOf([1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3], 2);
     * // => 4
     *
     * _.lastIndexOf([1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3], 2, 3);
     * // => 1
     */
    function lastIndexOf(array, value, fromIndex) {
      var index = array ? array.length : 0;
      if (typeof fromIndex == 'number') {
        index = (fromIndex < 0 ? nativeMax(0, index + fromIndex) : nativeMin(fromIndex, index - 1)) + 1;
      }
      while (index--) {
        if (array[index] === value) {
          return index;
        }
      }
      return -1;
    }

    /**
     * Removes all provided values from the given array using strict equality for
     * comparisons, i.e. `===`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Arrays
     * @param {Array} array The array to modify.
     * @param {...*} [value] The values to remove.
     * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.
     * @example
     *
     * var array = [1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3];
     * _.pull(array, 2, 3);
     * console.log(array);
     * // => [1, 1]
     */
    function pull(array) {
      var args = arguments,
          argsIndex = 0,
          argsLength = args.length,
          length = array ? array.length : 0;

      while (++argsIndex < argsLength) {
        var index = -1,
            value = args[argsIndex];
        while (++index < length) {
          if (array[index] === value) {
            splice.call(array, index--, 1);
            length--;
          }
        }
      }
      return array;
    }

    /**
     * Creates an array of numbers (positive and/or negative) progressing from
     * `start` up to but not including `end`. If `start` is less than `stop` a
     * zero-length range is created unless a negative `step` is specified.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Arrays
     * @param {number} [start=0] The start of the range.
     * @param {number} end The end of the range.
     * @param {number} [step=1] The value to increment or decrement by.
     * @returns {Array} Returns a new range array.
     * @example
     *
     * _.range(4);
     * // => [0, 1, 2, 3]
     *
     * _.range(1, 5);
     * // => [1, 2, 3, 4]
     *
     * _.range(0, 20, 5);
     * // => [0, 5, 10, 15]
     *
     * _.range(0, -4, -1);
     * // => [0, -1, -2, -3]
     *
     * _.range(1, 4, 0);
     * // => [1, 1, 1]
     *
     * _.range(0);
     * // => []
     */
    function range(start, end, step) {
      start = +start || 0;
      step = typeof step == 'number' ? step : (+step || 1);

      if (end == null) {
        end = start;
        start = 0;
      }
      // use `Array(length)` so engines like Chakra and V8 avoid slower modes
      // http://youtu.be/XAqIpGU8ZZk#t=17m25s
      var index = -1,
          length = nativeMax(0, ceil((end - start) / (step || 1))),
          result = Array(length);

      while (++index < length) {
        result[index] = start;
        start += step;
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Removes all elements from an array that the callback returns truey for
     * and returns an array of removed elements. The callback is bound to `thisArg`
     * and invoked with three arguments; (value, index, array).
     *
     * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
     * callback will return the property value of the given element.
     *
     * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
     * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
     * else `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Arrays
     * @param {Array} array The array to modify.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
     *  per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
     *  to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of removed elements.
     * @example
     *
     * var array = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6];
     * var evens = _.remove(array, function(num) { return num % 2 == 0; });
     *
     * console.log(array);
     * // => [1, 3, 5]
     *
     * console.log(evens);
     * // => [2, 4, 6]
     */
    function remove(array, callback, thisArg) {
      var index = -1,
          length = array ? array.length : 0,
          result = [];

      callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
      while (++index < length) {
        var value = array[index];
        if (callback(value, index, array)) {
          result.push(value);
          splice.call(array, index--, 1);
          length--;
        }
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * The opposite of `_.initial` this method gets all but the first element or
     * first `n` elements of an array. If a callback function is provided elements
     * at the beginning of the array are excluded from the result as long as the
     * callback returns truey. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked
     * with three arguments; (value, index, array).
     *
     * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
     * callback will return the property value of the given element.
     *
     * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
     * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
     * else `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @alias drop, tail
     * @category Arrays
     * @param {Array} array The array to query.
     * @param {Function|Object|number|string} [callback=1] The function called
     *  per element or the number of elements to exclude. If a property name or
     *  object is provided it will be used to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where"
     *  style callback, respectively.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {Array} Returns a slice of `array`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.rest([1, 2, 3]);
     * // => [2, 3]
     *
     * _.rest([1, 2, 3], 2);
     * // => [3]
     *
     * _.rest([1, 2, 3], function(num) {
     *   return num < 3;
     * });
     * // => [3]
     *
     * var characters = [
     *   { 'name': 'barney',  'blocked': true,  'employer': 'slate' },
     *   { 'name': 'fred',    'blocked': false,  'employer': 'slate' },
     *   { 'name': 'pebbles', 'blocked': true, 'employer': 'na' }
     * ];
     *
     * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
     * _.pluck(_.rest(characters, 'blocked'), 'name');
     * // => ['fred', 'pebbles']
     *
     * // using "_.where" callback shorthand
     * _.rest(characters, { 'employer': 'slate' });
     * // => [{ 'name': 'pebbles', 'blocked': true, 'employer': 'na' }]
     */
    function rest(array, callback, thisArg) {
      if (typeof callback != 'number' && callback != null) {
        var n = 0,
            index = -1,
            length = array ? array.length : 0;

        callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
        while (++index < length && callback(array[index], index, array)) {
          n++;
        }
      } else {
        n = (callback == null || thisArg) ? 1 : nativeMax(0, callback);
      }
      return slice(array, n);
    }

    /**
     * Uses a binary search to determine the smallest index at which a value
     * should be inserted into a given sorted array in order to maintain the sort
     * order of the array. If a callback is provided it will be executed for
     * `value` and each element of `array` to compute their sort ranking. The
     * callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with one argument; (value).
     *
     * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
     * callback will return the property value of the given element.
     *
     * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
     * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
     * else `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Arrays
     * @param {Array} array The array to inspect.
     * @param {*} value The value to evaluate.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
     *  per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
     *  to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {number} Returns the index at which `value` should be inserted
     *  into `array`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.sortedIndex([20, 30, 50], 40);
     * // => 2
     *
     * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
     * _.sortedIndex([{ 'x': 20 }, { 'x': 30 }, { 'x': 50 }], { 'x': 40 }, 'x');
     * // => 2
     *
     * var dict = {
     *   'wordToNumber': { 'twenty': 20, 'thirty': 30, 'fourty': 40, 'fifty': 50 }
     * };
     *
     * _.sortedIndex(['twenty', 'thirty', 'fifty'], 'fourty', function(word) {
     *   return dict.wordToNumber[word];
     * });
     * // => 2
     *
     * _.sortedIndex(['twenty', 'thirty', 'fifty'], 'fourty', function(word) {
     *   return this.wordToNumber[word];
     * }, dict);
     * // => 2
     */
    function sortedIndex(array, value, callback, thisArg) {
      var low = 0,
          high = array ? array.length : low;

      // explicitly reference `identity` for better inlining in Firefox
      callback = callback ? lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 1) : identity;
      value = callback(value);

      while (low < high) {
        var mid = (low + high) >>> 1;
        (callback(array[mid]) < value)
          ? low = mid + 1
          : high = mid;
      }
      return low;
    }

    /**
     * Creates an array of unique values, in order, of the provided arrays using
     * strict equality for comparisons, i.e. `===`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Arrays
     * @param {...Array} [array] The arrays to inspect.
     * @returns {Array} Returns an array of combined values.
     * @example
     *
     * _.union([1, 2, 3], [5, 2, 1, 4], [2, 1]);
     * // => [1, 2, 3, 5, 4]
     */
    function union() {
      return baseUniq(baseFlatten(arguments, true, true));
    }

    /**
     * Creates a duplicate-value-free version of an array using strict equality
     * for comparisons, i.e. `===`. If the array is sorted, providing
     * `true` for `isSorted` will use a faster algorithm. If a callback is provided
     * each element of `array` is passed through the callback before uniqueness
     * is computed. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three
     * arguments; (value, index, array).
     *
     * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
     * callback will return the property value of the given element.
     *
     * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
     * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
     * else `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @alias unique
     * @category Arrays
     * @param {Array} array The array to process.
     * @param {boolean} [isSorted=false] A flag to indicate that `array` is sorted.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
     *  per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
     *  to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {Array} Returns a duplicate-value-free array.
     * @example
     *
     * _.uniq([1, 2, 1, 3, 1]);
     * // => [1, 2, 3]
     *
     * _.uniq([1, 1, 2, 2, 3], true);
     * // => [1, 2, 3]
     *
     * _.uniq(['A', 'b', 'C', 'a', 'B', 'c'], function(letter) { return letter.toLowerCase(); });
     * // => ['A', 'b', 'C']
     *
     * _.uniq([1, 2.5, 3, 1.5, 2, 3.5], function(num) { return this.floor(num); }, Math);
     * // => [1, 2.5, 3]
     *
     * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
     * _.uniq([{ 'x': 1 }, { 'x': 2 }, { 'x': 1 }], 'x');
     * // => [{ 'x': 1 }, { 'x': 2 }]
     */
    function uniq(array, isSorted, callback, thisArg) {
      // juggle arguments
      if (typeof isSorted != 'boolean' && isSorted != null) {
        thisArg = callback;
        callback = (typeof isSorted != 'function' && thisArg && thisArg[isSorted] === array) ? null : isSorted;
        isSorted = false;
      }
      if (callback != null) {
        callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
      }
      return baseUniq(array, isSorted, callback);
    }

    /**
     * Creates an array excluding all provided values using strict equality for
     * comparisons, i.e. `===`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Arrays
     * @param {Array} array The array to filter.
     * @param {...*} [value] The values to exclude.
     * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of filtered values.
     * @example
     *
     * _.without([1, 2, 1, 0, 3, 1, 4], 0, 1);
     * // => [2, 3, 4]
     */
    function without(array) {
      return baseDifference(array, slice(arguments, 1));
    }

    /**
     * Creates an array that is the symmetric difference of the provided arrays.
     * See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetric_difference.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Arrays
     * @param {...Array} [array] The arrays to inspect.
     * @returns {Array} Returns an array of values.
     * @example
     *
     * _.xor([1, 2, 3], [5, 2, 1, 4]);
     * // => [3, 5, 4]
     *
     * _.xor([1, 2, 5], [2, 3, 5], [3, 4, 5]);
     * // => [1, 4, 5]
     */
    function xor() {
      var index = -1,
          length = arguments.length;

      while (++index < length) {
        var array = arguments[index];
        if (isArray(array) || isArguments(array)) {
          var result = result
            ? baseUniq(baseDifference(result, array).concat(baseDifference(array, result)))
            : array;
        }
      }
      return result || [];
    }

    /**
     * Creates an array of grouped elements, the first of which contains the first
     * elements of the given arrays, the second of which contains the second
     * elements of the given arrays, and so on.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @alias unzip
     * @category Arrays
     * @param {...Array} [array] Arrays to process.
     * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of grouped elements.
     * @example
     *
     * _.zip(['fred', 'barney'], [30, 40], [true, false]);
     * // => [['fred', 30, true], ['barney', 40, false]]
     */
    function zip() {
      var array = arguments.length > 1 ? arguments : arguments[0],
          index = -1,
          length = array ? max(pluck(array, 'length')) : 0,
          result = Array(length < 0 ? 0 : length);

      while (++index < length) {
        result[index] = pluck(array, index);
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Creates an object composed from arrays of `keys` and `values`. Provide
     * either a single two dimensional array, i.e. `[[key1, value1], [key2, value2]]`
     * or two arrays, one of `keys` and one of corresponding `values`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @alias object
     * @category Arrays
     * @param {Array} keys The array of keys.
     * @param {Array} [values=[]] The array of values.
     * @returns {Object} Returns an object composed of the given keys and
     *  corresponding values.
     * @example
     *
     * _.zipObject(['fred', 'barney'], [30, 40]);
     * // => { 'fred': 30, 'barney': 40 }
     */
    function zipObject(keys, values) {
      var index = -1,
          length = keys ? keys.length : 0,
          result = {};

      if (!values && length && !isArray(keys[0])) {
        values = [];
      }
      while (++index < length) {
        var key = keys[index];
        if (values) {
          result[key] = values[index];
        } else if (key) {
          result[key[0]] = key[1];
        }
      }
      return result;
    }

    /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

    /**
     * Creates a function that executes `func`, with  the `this` binding and
     * arguments of the created function, only after being called `n` times.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Functions
     * @param {number} n The number of times the function must be called before
     *  `func` is executed.
     * @param {Function} func The function to restrict.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new restricted function.
     * @example
     *
     * var saves = ['profile', 'settings'];
     *
     * var done = _.after(saves.length, function() {
     *   console.log('Done saving!');
     * });
     *
     * _.forEach(saves, function(type) {
     *   asyncSave({ 'type': type, 'complete': done });
     * });
     * // => logs 'Done saving!', after all saves have completed
     */
    function after(n, func) {
      if (!isFunction(func)) {
        throw new TypeError;
      }
      return function() {
        if (--n < 1) {
          return func.apply(this, arguments);
        }
      };
    }

    /**
     * Creates a function that, when called, invokes `func` with the `this`
     * binding of `thisArg` and prepends any additional `bind` arguments to those
     * provided to the bound function.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Functions
     * @param {Function} func The function to bind.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `func`.
     * @param {...*} [arg] Arguments to be partially applied.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new bound function.
     * @example
     *
     * var func = function(greeting) {
     *   return greeting + ' ' + this.name;
     * };
     *
     * func = _.bind(func, { 'name': 'fred' }, 'hi');
     * func();
     * // => 'hi fred'
     */
    function bind(func, thisArg) {
      return arguments.length > 2
        ? createWrapper(func, 17, slice(arguments, 2), null, thisArg)
        : createWrapper(func, 1, null, null, thisArg);
    }

    /**
     * Binds methods of an object to the object itself, overwriting the existing
     * method. Method names may be specified as individual arguments or as arrays
     * of method names. If no method names are provided all the function properties
     * of `object` will be bound.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Functions
     * @param {Object} object The object to bind and assign the bound methods to.
     * @param {...string} [methodName] The object method names to
     *  bind, specified as individual method names or arrays of method names.
     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
     * @example
     *
     * var view = {
     *   'label': 'docs',
     *   'onClick': function() { console.log('clicked ' + this.label); }
     * };
     *
     * _.bindAll(view);
     * jQuery('#docs').on('click', view.onClick);
     * // => logs 'clicked docs', when the button is clicked
     */
    function bindAll(object) {
      var funcs = arguments.length > 1 ? baseFlatten(arguments, true, false, 1) : functions(object),
          index = -1,
          length = funcs.length;

      while (++index < length) {
        var key = funcs[index];
        object[key] = createWrapper(object[key], 1, null, null, object);
      }
      return object;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a function that, when called, invokes the method at `object[key]`
     * and prepends any additional `bindKey` arguments to those provided to the bound
     * function. This method differs from `_.bind` by allowing bound functions to
     * reference methods that will be redefined or don't yet exist.
     * See http://michaux.ca/articles/lazy-function-definition-pattern.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Functions
     * @param {Object} object The object the method belongs to.
     * @param {string} key The key of the method.
     * @param {...*} [arg] Arguments to be partially applied.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new bound function.
     * @example
     *
     * var object = {
     *   'name': 'fred',
     *   'greet': function(greeting) {
     *     return greeting + ' ' + this.name;
     *   }
     * };
     *
     * var func = _.bindKey(object, 'greet', 'hi');
     * func();
     * // => 'hi fred'
     *
     * object.greet = function(greeting) {
     *   return greeting + 'ya ' + this.name + '!';
     * };
     *
     * func();
     * // => 'hiya fred!'
     */
    function bindKey(object, key) {
      return arguments.length > 2
        ? createWrapper(key, 19, slice(arguments, 2), null, object)
        : createWrapper(key, 3, null, null, object);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a function that is the composition of the provided functions,
     * where each function consumes the return value of the function that follows.
     * For example, composing the functions `f()`, `g()`, and `h()` produces `f(g(h()))`.
     * Each function is executed with the `this` binding of the composed function.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Functions
     * @param {...Function} [func] Functions to compose.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new composed function.
     * @example
     *
     * var realNameMap = {
     *   'pebbles': 'penelope'
     * };
     *
     * var format = function(name) {
     *   name = realNameMap[name.toLowerCase()] || name;
     *   return name.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + name.slice(1).toLowerCase();
     * };
     *
     * var greet = function(formatted) {
     *   return 'Hiya ' + formatted + '!';
     * };
     *
     * var welcome = _.compose(greet, format);
     * welcome('pebbles');
     * // => 'Hiya Penelope!'
     */
    function compose() {
      var funcs = arguments,
          length = funcs.length;

      while (length--) {
        if (!isFunction(funcs[length])) {
          throw new TypeError;
        }
      }
      return function() {
        var args = arguments,
            length = funcs.length;

        while (length--) {
          args = [funcs[length].apply(this, args)];
        }
        return args[0];
      };
    }

    /**
     * Creates a function which accepts one or more arguments of `func` that when
     * invoked either executes `func` returning its result, if all `func` arguments
     * have been provided, or returns a function that accepts one or more of the
     * remaining `func` arguments, and so on. The arity of `func` can be specified
     * if `func.length` is not sufficient.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Functions
     * @param {Function} func The function to curry.
     * @param {number} [arity=func.length] The arity of `func`.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new curried function.
     * @example
     *
     * var curried = _.curry(function(a, b, c) {
     *   console.log(a + b + c);
     * });
     *
     * curried(1)(2)(3);
     * // => 6
     *
     * curried(1, 2)(3);
     * // => 6
     *
     * curried(1, 2, 3);
     * // => 6
     */
    function curry(func, arity) {
      arity = typeof arity == 'number' ? arity : (+arity || func.length);
      return createWrapper(func, 4, null, null, null, arity);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a function that will delay the execution of `func` until after
     * `wait` milliseconds have elapsed since the last time it was invoked.
     * Provide an options object to indicate that `func` should be invoked on
     * the leading and/or trailing edge of the `wait` timeout. Subsequent calls
     * to the debounced function will return the result of the last `func` call.
     *
     * Note: If `leading` and `trailing` options are `true` `func` will be called
     * on the trailing edge of the timeout only if the the debounced function is
     * invoked more than once during the `wait` timeout.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Functions
     * @param {Function} func The function to debounce.
     * @param {number} wait The number of milliseconds to delay.
     * @param {Object} [options] The options object.
     * @param {boolean} [options.leading=false] Specify execution on the leading edge of the timeout.
     * @param {number} [options.maxWait] The maximum time `func` is allowed to be delayed before it's called.
     * @param {boolean} [options.trailing=true] Specify execution on the trailing edge of the timeout.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new debounced function.
     * @example
     *
     * // avoid costly calculations while the window size is in flux
     * var lazyLayout = _.debounce(calculateLayout, 150);
     * jQuery(window).on('resize', lazyLayout);
     *
     * // execute `sendMail` when the click event is fired, debouncing subsequent calls
     * jQuery('#postbox').on('click', _.debounce(sendMail, 300, {
     *   'leading': true,
     *   'trailing': false
     * });
     *
     * // ensure `batchLog` is executed once after 1 second of debounced calls
     * var source = new EventSource('/stream');
     * source.addEventListener('message', _.debounce(batchLog, 250, {
     *   'maxWait': 1000
     * }, false);
     */
    function debounce(func, wait, options) {
      var args,
          maxTimeoutId,
          result,
          stamp,
          thisArg,
          timeoutId,
          trailingCall,
          lastCalled = 0,
          maxWait = false,
          trailing = true;

      if (!isFunction(func)) {
        throw new TypeError;
      }
      wait = nativeMax(0, wait) || 0;
      if (options === true) {
        var leading = true;
        trailing = false;
      } else if (isObject(options)) {
        leading = options.leading;
        maxWait = 'maxWait' in options && (nativeMax(wait, options.maxWait) || 0);
        trailing = 'trailing' in options ? options.trailing : trailing;
      }
      var delayed = function() {
        var remaining = wait - (now() - stamp);
        if (remaining <= 0) {
          if (maxTimeoutId) {
            clearTimeout(maxTimeoutId);
          }
          var isCalled = trailingCall;
          maxTimeoutId = timeoutId = trailingCall = undefined;
          if (isCalled) {
            lastCalled = now();
            result = func.apply(thisArg, args);
            if (!timeoutId && !maxTimeoutId) {
              args = thisArg = null;
            }
          }
        } else {
          timeoutId = setTimeout(delayed, remaining);
        }
      };

      var maxDelayed = function() {
        if (timeoutId) {
          clearTimeout(timeoutId);
        }
        maxTimeoutId = timeoutId = trailingCall = undefined;
        if (trailing || (maxWait !== wait)) {
          lastCalled = now();
          result = func.apply(thisArg, args);
          if (!timeoutId && !maxTimeoutId) {
            args = thisArg = null;
          }
        }
      };

      return function() {
        args = arguments;
        stamp = now();
        thisArg = this;
        trailingCall = trailing && (timeoutId || !leading);

        if (maxWait === false) {
          var leadingCall = leading && !timeoutId;
        } else {
          if (!maxTimeoutId && !leading) {
            lastCalled = stamp;
          }
          var remaining = maxWait - (stamp - lastCalled),
              isCalled = remaining <= 0;

          if (isCalled) {
            if (maxTimeoutId) {
              maxTimeoutId = clearTimeout(maxTimeoutId);
            }
            lastCalled = stamp;
            result = func.apply(thisArg, args);
          }
          else if (!maxTimeoutId) {
            maxTimeoutId = setTimeout(maxDelayed, remaining);
          }
        }
        if (isCalled && timeoutId) {
          timeoutId = clearTimeout(timeoutId);
        }
        else if (!timeoutId && wait !== maxWait) {
          timeoutId = setTimeout(delayed, wait);
        }
        if (leadingCall) {
          isCalled = true;
          result = func.apply(thisArg, args);
        }
        if (isCalled && !timeoutId && !maxTimeoutId) {
          args = thisArg = null;
        }
        return result;
      };
    }

    /**
     * Defers executing the `func` function until the current call stack has cleared.
     * Additional arguments will be provided to `func` when it is invoked.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Functions
     * @param {Function} func The function to defer.
     * @param {...*} [arg] Arguments to invoke the function with.
     * @returns {number} Returns the timer id.
     * @example
     *
     * _.defer(function(text) { console.log(text); }, 'deferred');
     * // logs 'deferred' after one or more milliseconds
     */
    function defer(func) {
      if (!isFunction(func)) {
        throw new TypeError;
      }
      var args = slice(arguments, 1);
      return setTimeout(function() { func.apply(undefined, args); }, 1);
    }

    /**
     * Executes the `func` function after `wait` milliseconds. Additional arguments
     * will be provided to `func` when it is invoked.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Functions
     * @param {Function} func The function to delay.
     * @param {number} wait The number of milliseconds to delay execution.
     * @param {...*} [arg] Arguments to invoke the function with.
     * @returns {number} Returns the timer id.
     * @example
     *
     * _.delay(function(text) { console.log(text); }, 1000, 'later');
     * // => logs 'later' after one second
     */
    function delay(func, wait) {
      if (!isFunction(func)) {
        throw new TypeError;
      }
      var args = slice(arguments, 2);
      return setTimeout(function() { func.apply(undefined, args); }, wait);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a function that memoizes the result of `func`. If `resolver` is
     * provided it will be used to determine the cache key for storing the result
     * based on the arguments provided to the memoized function. By default, the
     * first argument provided to the memoized function is used as the cache key.
     * The `func` is executed with the `this` binding of the memoized function.
     * The result cache is exposed as the `cache` property on the memoized function.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Functions
     * @param {Function} func The function to have its output memoized.
     * @param {Function} [resolver] A function used to resolve the cache key.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new memoizing function.
     * @example
     *
     * var fibonacci = _.memoize(function(n) {
     *   return n < 2 ? n : fibonacci(n - 1) + fibonacci(n - 2);
     * });
     *
     * fibonacci(9)
     * // => 34
     *
     * var data = {
     *   'fred': { 'name': 'fred', 'age': 40 },
     *   'pebbles': { 'name': 'pebbles', 'age': 1 }
     * };
     *
     * // modifying the result cache
     * var get = _.memoize(function(name) { return data[name]; }, _.identity);
     * get('pebbles');
     * // => { 'name': 'pebbles', 'age': 1 }
     *
     * get.cache.pebbles.name = 'penelope';
     * get('pebbles');
     * // => { 'name': 'penelope', 'age': 1 }
     */
    function memoize(func, resolver) {
      if (!isFunction(func)) {
        throw new TypeError;
      }
      var memoized = function() {
        var cache = memoized.cache,
            key = resolver ? resolver.apply(this, arguments) : keyPrefix + arguments[0];

        return hasOwnProperty.call(cache, key)
          ? cache[key]
          : (cache[key] = func.apply(this, arguments));
      }
      memoized.cache = {};
      return memoized;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a function that is restricted to execute `func` once. Repeat calls to
     * the function will return the value of the first call. The `func` is executed
     * with the `this` binding of the created function.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Functions
     * @param {Function} func The function to restrict.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new restricted function.
     * @example
     *
     * var initialize = _.once(createApplication);
     * initialize();
     * initialize();
     * // `initialize` executes `createApplication` once
     */
    function once(func) {
      var ran,
          result;

      if (!isFunction(func)) {
        throw new TypeError;
      }
      return function() {
        if (ran) {
          return result;
        }
        ran = true;
        result = func.apply(this, arguments);

        // clear the `func` variable so the function may be garbage collected
        func = null;
        return result;
      };
    }

    /**
     * Creates a function that, when called, invokes `func` with any additional
     * `partial` arguments prepended to those provided to the new function. This
     * method is similar to `_.bind` except it does **not** alter the `this` binding.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Functions
     * @param {Function} func The function to partially apply arguments to.
     * @param {...*} [arg] Arguments to be partially applied.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new partially applied function.
     * @example
     *
     * var greet = function(greeting, name) { return greeting + ' ' + name; };
     * var hi = _.partial(greet, 'hi');
     * hi('fred');
     * // => 'hi fred'
     */
    function partial(func) {
      return createWrapper(func, 16, slice(arguments, 1));
    }

    /**
     * This method is like `_.partial` except that `partial` arguments are
     * appended to those provided to the new function.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Functions
     * @param {Function} func The function to partially apply arguments to.
     * @param {...*} [arg] Arguments to be partially applied.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new partially applied function.
     * @example
     *
     * var defaultsDeep = _.partialRight(_.merge, _.defaults);
     *
     * var options = {
     *   'variable': 'data',
     *   'imports': { 'jq': $ }
     * };
     *
     * defaultsDeep(options, _.templateSettings);
     *
     * options.variable
     * // => 'data'
     *
     * options.imports
     * // => { '_': _, 'jq': $ }
     */
    function partialRight(func) {
      return createWrapper(func, 32, null, slice(arguments, 1));
    }

    /**
     * Creates a function that, when executed, will only call the `func` function
     * at most once per every `wait` milliseconds. Provide an options object to
     * indicate that `func` should be invoked on the leading and/or trailing edge
     * of the `wait` timeout. Subsequent calls to the throttled function will
     * return the result of the last `func` call.
     *
     * Note: If `leading` and `trailing` options are `true` `func` will be called
     * on the trailing edge of the timeout only if the the throttled function is
     * invoked more than once during the `wait` timeout.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Functions
     * @param {Function} func The function to throttle.
     * @param {number} wait The number of milliseconds to throttle executions to.
     * @param {Object} [options] The options object.
     * @param {boolean} [options.leading=true] Specify execution on the leading edge of the timeout.
     * @param {boolean} [options.trailing=true] Specify execution on the trailing edge of the timeout.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new throttled function.
     * @example
     *
     * // avoid excessively updating the position while scrolling
     * var throttled = _.throttle(updatePosition, 100);
     * jQuery(window).on('scroll', throttled);
     *
     * // execute `renewToken` when the click event is fired, but not more than once every 5 minutes
     * jQuery('.interactive').on('click', _.throttle(renewToken, 300000, {
     *   'trailing': false
     * }));
     */
    function throttle(func, wait, options) {
      var leading = true,
          trailing = true;

      if (!isFunction(func)) {
        throw new TypeError;
      }
      if (options === false) {
        leading = false;
      } else if (isObject(options)) {
        leading = 'leading' in options ? options.leading : leading;
        trailing = 'trailing' in options ? options.trailing : trailing;
      }
      debounceOptions.leading = leading;
      debounceOptions.maxWait = wait;
      debounceOptions.trailing = trailing;

      return debounce(func, wait, debounceOptions);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a function that provides `value` to the wrapper function as its
     * first argument. Additional arguments provided to the function are appended
     * to those provided to the wrapper function. The wrapper is executed with
     * the `this` binding of the created function.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Functions
     * @param {*} value The value to wrap.
     * @param {Function} wrapper The wrapper function.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
     * @example
     *
     * var p = _.wrap(_.escape, function(func, text) {
     *   return '<p>' + func(text) + '</p>';
     * });
     *
     * p('Fred, Wilma, & Pebbles');
     * // => '<p>Fred, Wilma, &amp; Pebbles</p>'
     */
    function wrap(value, wrapper) {
      return createWrapper(wrapper, 16, [value]);
    }

    /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

    /**
     * Creates a function that returns `value`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Utilities
     * @param {*} value The value to return from the new function.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
     * @example
     *
     * var object = { 'name': 'fred' };
     * var getter = _.constant(object);
     * getter() === object;
     * // => true
     */
    function constant(value) {
      return function() {
        return value;
      };
    }

    /**
     * Produces a callback bound to an optional `thisArg`. If `func` is a property
     * name the created callback will return the property value for a given element.
     * If `func` is an object the created callback will return `true` for elements
     * that contain the equivalent object properties, otherwise it will return `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Utilities
     * @param {*} [func=identity] The value to convert to a callback.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of the created callback.
     * @param {number} [argCount] The number of arguments the callback accepts.
     * @returns {Function} Returns a callback function.
     * @example
     *
     * var characters = [
     *   { 'name': 'barney', 'age': 36 },
     *   { 'name': 'fred',   'age': 40 }
     * ];
     *
     * // wrap to create custom callback shorthands
     * _.createCallback = _.wrap(_.createCallback, function(func, callback, thisArg) {
     *   var match = /^(.+?)__([gl]t)(.+)$/.exec(callback);
     *   return !match ? func(callback, thisArg) : function(object) {
     *     return match[2] == 'gt' ? object[match[1]] > match[3] : object[match[1]] < match[3];
     *   };
     * });
     *
     * _.filter(characters, 'age__gt38');
     * // => [{ 'name': 'fred', 'age': 40 }]
     */
    function createCallback(func, thisArg, argCount) {
      var type = typeof func;
      if (func == null || type == 'function') {
        return baseCreateCallback(func, thisArg, argCount);
      }
      // handle "_.pluck" style callback shorthands
      if (type != 'object') {
        return property(func);
      }
      var props = keys(func),
          key = props[0],
          a = func[key];

      // handle "_.where" style callback shorthands
      if (props.length == 1 && a === a && !isObject(a)) {
        // fast path the common case of providing an object with a single
        // property containing a primitive value
        return function(object) {
          var b = object[key];
          return a === b && (a !== 0 || (1 / a == 1 / b));
        };
      }
      return function(object) {
        var length = props.length,
            result = false;

        while (length--) {
          if (!(result = baseIsEqual(object[props[length]], func[props[length]], null, true))) {
            break;
          }
        }
        return result;
      };
    }

    /**
     * Converts the characters `&`, `<`, `>`, `"`, and `'` in `string` to their
     * corresponding HTML entities.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Utilities
     * @param {string} string The string to escape.
     * @returns {string} Returns the escaped string.
     * @example
     *
     * _.escape('Fred, Wilma, & Pebbles');
     * // => 'Fred, Wilma, &amp; Pebbles'
     */
    function escape(string) {
      return string == null ? '' : String(string).replace(reUnescapedHtml, escapeHtmlChar);
    }

    /**
     * This method returns the first argument provided to it.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Utilities
     * @param {*} value Any value.
     * @returns {*} Returns `value`.
     * @example
     *
     * var object = { 'name': 'fred' };
     * _.identity(object) === object;
     * // => true
     */
    function identity(value) {
      return value;
    }

    /**
     * Adds function properties of a source object to the destination object.
     * If `object` is a function methods will be added to its prototype as well.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Utilities
     * @param {Function|Object} [object=lodash] object The destination object.
     * @param {Object} source The object of functions to add.
     * @param {Object} [options] The options object.
     * @param {boolean} [options.chain=true] Specify whether the functions added are chainable.
     * @example
     *
     * function capitalize(string) {
     *   return string.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + string.slice(1).toLowerCase();
     * }
     *
     * _.mixin({ 'capitalize': capitalize });
     * _.capitalize('fred');
     * // => 'Fred'
     *
     * _('fred').capitalize().value();
     * // => 'Fred'
     *
     * _.mixin({ 'capitalize': capitalize }, { 'chain': false });
     * _('fred').capitalize();
     * // => 'Fred'
     */
    function mixin(object, source, options) {
      var chain = true,
          methodNames = source && functions(source);

      if (!source || (!options && !methodNames.length)) {
        if (options == null) {
          options = source;
        }
        ctor = lodashWrapper;
        source = object;
        object = lodash;
        methodNames = functions(source);
      }
      if (options === false) {
        chain = false;
      } else if (isObject(options) && 'chain' in options) {
        chain = options.chain;
      }
      var ctor = object,
          isFunc = isFunction(ctor);

      forEach(methodNames, function(methodName) {
        var func = object[methodName] = source[methodName];
        if (isFunc) {
          ctor.prototype[methodName] = function() {
            var chainAll = this.__chain__,
                value = this.__wrapped__,
                args = [value];

            push.apply(args, arguments);
            var result = func.apply(object, args);
            if (chain || chainAll) {
              if (value === result && isObject(result)) {
                return this;
              }
              result = new ctor(result);
              result.__chain__ = chainAll;
            }
            return result;
          };
        }
      });
    }

    /**
     * Reverts the '_' variable to its previous value and returns a reference to
     * the `lodash` function.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Utilities
     * @returns {Function} Returns the `lodash` function.
     * @example
     *
     * var lodash = _.noConflict();
     */
    function noConflict() {
      context._ = oldDash;
      return this;
    }

    /**
     * A no-operation function.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Utilities
     * @example
     *
     * var object = { 'name': 'fred' };
     * _.noop(object) === undefined;
     * // => true
     */
    function noop() {
      // no operation performed
    }

    /**
     * Gets the number of milliseconds that have elapsed since the Unix epoch
     * (1 January 1970 00:00:00 UTC).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Utilities
     * @example
     *
     * var stamp = _.now();
     * _.defer(function() { console.log(_.now() - stamp); });
     * // => logs the number of milliseconds it took for the deferred function to be called
     */
    var now = isNative(now = Date.now) && now || function() {
      return new Date().getTime();
    };

    /**
     * Converts the given value into an integer of the specified radix.
     * If `radix` is `undefined` or `0` a `radix` of `10` is used unless the
     * `value` is a hexadecimal, in which case a `radix` of `16` is used.
     *
     * Note: This method avoids differences in native ES3 and ES5 `parseInt`
     * implementations. See http://es5.github.io/#E.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Utilities
     * @param {string} value The value to parse.
     * @param {number} [radix] The radix used to interpret the value to parse.
     * @returns {number} Returns the new integer value.
     * @example
     *
     * _.parseInt('08');
     * // => 8
     */
    var parseInt = nativeParseInt(whitespace + '08') == 8 ? nativeParseInt : function(value, radix) {
      // Firefox < 21 and Opera < 15 follow the ES3 specified implementation of `parseInt`
      return nativeParseInt(isString(value) ? value.replace(reLeadingSpacesAndZeros, '') : value, radix || 0);
    };

    /**
     * Creates a "_.pluck" style function, which returns the `key` value of a
     * given object.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Utilities
     * @param {string} key The name of the property to retrieve.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
     * @example
     *
     * var characters = [
     *   { 'name': 'fred',   'age': 40 },
     *   { 'name': 'barney', 'age': 36 }
     * ];
     *
     * var getName = _.property('name');
     *
     * _.map(characters, getName);
     * // => ['barney', 'fred']
     *
     * _.sortBy(characters, getName);
     * // => [{ 'name': 'barney', 'age': 36 }, { 'name': 'fred',   'age': 40 }]
     */
    function property(key) {
      return function(object) {
        return object[key];
      };
    }

    /**
     * Produces a random number between `min` and `max` (inclusive). If only one
     * argument is provided a number between `0` and the given number will be
     * returned. If `floating` is truey or either `min` or `max` are floats a
     * floating-point number will be returned instead of an integer.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Utilities
     * @param {number} [min=0] The minimum possible value.
     * @param {number} [max=1] The maximum possible value.
     * @param {boolean} [floating=false] Specify returning a floating-point number.
     * @returns {number} Returns a random number.
     * @example
     *
     * _.random(0, 5);
     * // => an integer between 0 and 5
     *
     * _.random(5);
     * // => also an integer between 0 and 5
     *
     * _.random(5, true);
     * // => a floating-point number between 0 and 5
     *
     * _.random(1.2, 5.2);
     * // => a floating-point number between 1.2 and 5.2
     */
    function random(min, max, floating) {
      var noMin = min == null,
          noMax = max == null;

      if (floating == null) {
        if (typeof min == 'boolean' && noMax) {
          floating = min;
          min = 1;
        }
        else if (!noMax && typeof max == 'boolean') {
          floating = max;
          noMax = true;
        }
      }
      if (noMin && noMax) {
        max = 1;
      }
      min = +min || 0;
      if (noMax) {
        max = min;
        min = 0;
      } else {
        max = +max || 0;
      }
      if (floating || min % 1 || max % 1) {
        var rand = nativeRandom();
        return nativeMin(min + (rand * (max - min + parseFloat('1e-' + ((rand +'').length - 1)))), max);
      }
      return baseRandom(min, max);
    }

    /**
     * Resolves the value of property `key` on `object`. If `key` is a function
     * it will be invoked with the `this` binding of `object` and its result returned,
     * else the property value is returned. If `object` is falsey then `undefined`
     * is returned.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Utilities
     * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
     * @param {string} key The name of the property to resolve.
     * @returns {*} Returns the resolved value.
     * @example
     *
     * var object = {
     *   'cheese': 'crumpets',
     *   'stuff': function() {
     *     return 'nonsense';
     *   }
     * };
     *
     * _.result(object, 'cheese');
     * // => 'crumpets'
     *
     * _.result(object, 'stuff');
     * // => 'nonsense'
     */
    function result(object, key) {
      if (object) {
        var value = object[key];
        return isFunction(value) ? object[key]() : value;
      }
    }

    /**
     * A micro-templating method that handles arbitrary delimiters, preserves
     * whitespace, and correctly escapes quotes within interpolated code.
     *
     * Note: In the development build, `_.template` utilizes sourceURLs for easier
     * debugging. See http://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/developertools/sourcemaps/#toc-sourceurl
     *
     * For more information on precompiling templates see:
     * http://lodash.com/custom-builds
     *
     * For more information on Chrome extension sandboxes see:
     * http://developer.chrome.com/stable/extensions/sandboxingEval.html
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Utilities
     * @param {string} text The template text.
     * @param {Object} data The data object used to populate the text.
     * @param {Object} [options] The options object.
     * @param {RegExp} [options.escape] The "escape" delimiter.
     * @param {RegExp} [options.evaluate] The "evaluate" delimiter.
     * @param {Object} [options.imports] An object to import into the template as local variables.
     * @param {RegExp} [options.interpolate] The "interpolate" delimiter.
     * @param {string} [sourceURL] The sourceURL of the template's compiled source.
     * @param {string} [variable] The data object variable name.
     * @returns {Function|string} Returns a compiled function when no `data` object
     *  is given, else it returns the interpolated text.
     * @example
     *
     * // using the "interpolate" delimiter to create a compiled template
     * var compiled = _.template('hello <%= name %>');
     * compiled({ 'name': 'fred' });
     * // => 'hello fred'
     *
     * // using the "escape" delimiter to escape HTML in data property values
     * _.template('<b><%- value %></b>', { 'value': '<script>' });
     * // => '<b>&lt;script&gt;</b>'
     *
     * // using the "evaluate" delimiter to generate HTML
     * var list = '<% _.forEach(people, function(name) { %><li><%- name %></li><% }); %>';
     * _.template(list, { 'people': ['fred', 'barney'] });
     * // => '<li>fred</li><li>barney</li>'
     *
     * // using the ES6 delimiter as an alternative to the default "interpolate" delimiter
     * _.template('hello ${ name }', { 'name': 'pebbles' });
     * // => 'hello pebbles'
     *
     * // using the internal `print` function in "evaluate" delimiters
     * _.template('<% print("hello " + name); %>!', { 'name': 'barney' });
     * // => 'hello barney!'
     *
     * // using a custom template delimiters
     * _.templateSettings = {
     *   'interpolate': /{{([\s\S]+?)}}/g
     * };
     *
     * _.template('hello {{ name }}!', { 'name': 'mustache' });
     * // => 'hello mustache!'
     *
     * // using the `imports` option to import jQuery
     * var list = '<% jq.each(people, function(name) { %><li><%- name %></li><% }); %>';
     * _.template(list, { 'people': ['fred', 'barney'] }, { 'imports': { 'jq': jQuery } });
     * // => '<li>fred</li><li>barney</li>'
     *
     * // using the `sourceURL` option to specify a custom sourceURL for the template
     * var compiled = _.template('hello <%= name %>', null, { 'sourceURL': '/basic/greeting.jst' });
     * compiled(data);
     * // => find the source of "greeting.jst" under the Sources tab or Resources panel of the web inspector
     *
     * // using the `variable` option to ensure a with-statement isn't used in the compiled template
     * var compiled = _.template('hi <%= data.name %>!', null, { 'variable': 'data' });
     * compiled.source;
     * // => function(data) {
     *   var __t, __p = '', __e = _.escape;
     *   __p += 'hi ' + ((__t = ( data.name )) == null ? '' : __t) + '!';
     *   return __p;
     * }
     *
     * // using the `source` property to inline compiled templates for meaningful
     * // line numbers in error messages and a stack trace
     * fs.writeFileSync(path.join(cwd, 'jst.js'), '\
     *   var JST = {\
     *     "main": ' + _.template(mainText).source + '\
     *   };\
     * ');
     */
    function template(text, data, options) {
      // based on John Resig's `tmpl` implementation
      // http://ejohn.org/blog/javascript-micro-templating/
      // and Laura Doktorova's doT.js
      // https://github.com/olado/doT
      var settings = lodash.templateSettings;
      text = String(text || '');

      // avoid missing dependencies when `iteratorTemplate` is not defined
      options = defaults({}, options, settings);

      var imports = defaults({}, options.imports, settings.imports),
          importsKeys = keys(imports),
          importsValues = values(imports);

      var isEvaluating,
          index = 0,
          interpolate = options.interpolate || reNoMatch,
          source = "__p += '";

      // compile the regexp to match each delimiter
      var reDelimiters = RegExp(
        (options.escape || reNoMatch).source + '|' +
        interpolate.source + '|' +
        (interpolate === reInterpolate ? reEsTemplate : reNoMatch).source + '|' +
        (options.evaluate || reNoMatch).source + '|$'
      , 'g');

      text.replace(reDelimiters, function(match, escapeValue, interpolateValue, esTemplateValue, evaluateValue, offset) {
        interpolateValue || (interpolateValue = esTemplateValue);

        // escape characters that cannot be included in string literals
        source += text.slice(index, offset).replace(reUnescapedString, escapeStringChar);

        // replace delimiters with snippets
        if (escapeValue) {
          source += "' +\n__e(" + escapeValue + ") +\n'";
        }
        if (evaluateValue) {
          isEvaluating = true;
          source += "';\n" + evaluateValue + ";\n__p += '";
        }
        if (interpolateValue) {
          source += "' +\n((__t = (" + interpolateValue + ")) == null ? '' : __t) +\n'";
        }
        index = offset + match.length;

        // the JS engine embedded in Adobe products requires returning the `match`
        // string in order to produce the correct `offset` value
        return match;
      });

      source += "';\n";

      // if `variable` is not specified, wrap a with-statement around the generated
      // code to add the data object to the top of the scope chain
      var variable = options.variable,
          hasVariable = variable;

      if (!hasVariable) {
        variable = 'obj';
        source = 'with (' + variable + ') {\n' + source + '\n}\n';
      }
      // cleanup code by stripping empty strings
      source = (isEvaluating ? source.replace(reEmptyStringLeading, '') : source)
        .replace(reEmptyStringMiddle, '$1')
        .replace(reEmptyStringTrailing, '$1;');

      // frame code as the function body
      source = 'function(' + variable + ') {\n' +
        (hasVariable ? '' : variable + ' || (' + variable + ' = {});\n') +
        "var __t, __p = '', __e = _.escape" +
        (isEvaluating
          ? ', __j = Array.prototype.join;\n' +
            "function print() { __p += __j.call(arguments, '') }\n"
          : ';\n'
        ) +
        source +
        'return __p\n}';

      // Use a sourceURL for easier debugging.
      // http://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/developertools/sourcemaps/#toc-sourceurl
      var sourceURL = '\n/*\n//# sourceURL=' + (options.sourceURL || '/lodash/template/source[' + (templateCounter++) + ']') + '\n*/';

      try {
        var result = Function(importsKeys, 'return ' + source + sourceURL).apply(undefined, importsValues);
      } catch(e) {
        e.source = source;
        throw e;
      }
      if (data) {
        return result(data);
      }
      // provide the compiled function's source by its `toString` method, in
      // supported environments, or the `source` property as a convenience for
      // inlining compiled templates during the build process
      result.source = source;
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Executes the callback `n` times, returning an array of the results
     * of each callback execution. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked
     * with one argument; (index).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Utilities
     * @param {number} n The number of times to execute the callback.
     * @param {Function} callback The function called per iteration.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {Array} Returns an array of the results of each `callback` execution.
     * @example
     *
     * var diceRolls = _.times(3, _.partial(_.random, 1, 6));
     * // => [3, 6, 4]
     *
     * _.times(3, function(n) { mage.castSpell(n); });
     * // => calls `mage.castSpell(n)` three times, passing `n` of `0`, `1`, and `2` respectively
     *
     * _.times(3, function(n) { this.cast(n); }, mage);
     * // => also calls `mage.castSpell(n)` three times
     */
    function times(n, callback, thisArg) {
      n = (n = +n) > -1 ? n : 0;
      var index = -1,
          result = Array(n);

      callback = baseCreateCallback(callback, thisArg, 1);
      while (++index < n) {
        result[index] = callback(index);
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * The inverse of `_.escape` this method converts the HTML entities
     * `&amp;`, `&lt;`, `&gt;`, `&quot;`, and `&#39;` in `string` to their
     * corresponding characters.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Utilities
     * @param {string} string The string to unescape.
     * @returns {string} Returns the unescaped string.
     * @example
     *
     * _.unescape('Fred, Barney &amp; Pebbles');
     * // => 'Fred, Barney & Pebbles'
     */
    function unescape(string) {
      return string == null ? '' : String(string).replace(reEscapedHtml, unescapeHtmlChar);
    }

    /**
     * Generates a unique ID. If `prefix` is provided the ID will be appended to it.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Utilities
     * @param {string} [prefix] The value to prefix the ID with.
     * @returns {string} Returns the unique ID.
     * @example
     *
     * _.uniqueId('contact_');
     * // => 'contact_104'
     *
     * _.uniqueId();
     * // => '105'
     */
    function uniqueId(prefix) {
      var id = ++idCounter;
      return String(prefix == null ? '' : prefix) + id;
    }

    /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

    /**
     * Creates a `lodash` object that wraps the given value with explicit
     * method chaining enabled.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Chaining
     * @param {*} value The value to wrap.
     * @returns {Object} Returns the wrapper object.
     * @example
     *
     * var characters = [
     *   { 'name': 'barney',  'age': 36 },
     *   { 'name': 'fred',    'age': 40 },
     *   { 'name': 'pebbles', 'age': 1 }
     * ];
     *
     * var youngest = _.chain(characters)
     *     .sortBy('age')
     *     .map(function(chr) { return chr.name + ' is ' + chr.age; })
     *     .first()
     *     .value();
     * // => 'pebbles is 1'
     */
    function chain(value) {
      value = new lodashWrapper(value);
      value.__chain__ = true;
      return value;
    }

    /**
     * Invokes `interceptor` with the `value` as the first argument and then
     * returns `value`. The purpose of this method is to "tap into" a method
     * chain in order to perform operations on intermediate results within
     * the chain.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Chaining
     * @param {*} value The value to provide to `interceptor`.
     * @param {Function} interceptor The function to invoke.
     * @returns {*} Returns `value`.
     * @example
     *
     * _([1, 2, 3, 4])
     *  .tap(function(array) { array.pop(); })
     *  .reverse()
     *  .value();
     * // => [3, 2, 1]
     */
    function tap(value, interceptor) {
      interceptor(value);
      return value;
    }

    /**
     * Enables explicit method chaining on the wrapper object.
     *
     * @name chain
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Chaining
     * @returns {*} Returns the wrapper object.
     * @example
     *
     * var characters = [
     *   { 'name': 'barney', 'age': 36 },
     *   { 'name': 'fred',   'age': 40 }
     * ];
     *
     * // without explicit chaining
     * _(characters).first();
     * // => { 'name': 'barney', 'age': 36 }
     *
     * // with explicit chaining
     * _(characters).chain()
     *   .first()
     *   .pick('age')
     *   .value();
     * // => { 'age': 36 }
     */
    function wrapperChain() {
      this.__chain__ = true;
      return this;
    }

    /**
     * Produces the `toString` result of the wrapped value.
     *
     * @name toString
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Chaining
     * @returns {string} Returns the string result.
     * @example
     *
     * _([1, 2, 3]).toString();
     * // => '1,2,3'
     */
    function wrapperToString() {
      return String(this.__wrapped__);
    }

    /**
     * Extracts the wrapped value.
     *
     * @name valueOf
     * @memberOf _
     * @alias value
     * @category Chaining
     * @returns {*} Returns the wrapped value.
     * @example
     *
     * _([1, 2, 3]).valueOf();
     * // => [1, 2, 3]
     */
    function wrapperValueOf() {
      return this.__wrapped__;
    }

    /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

    // add functions that return wrapped values when chaining
    lodash.after = after;
    lodash.assign = assign;
    lodash.at = at;
    lodash.bind = bind;
    lodash.bindAll = bindAll;
    lodash.bindKey = bindKey;
    lodash.chain = chain;
    lodash.compact = compact;
    lodash.compose = compose;
    lodash.constant = constant;
    lodash.countBy = countBy;
    lodash.create = create;
    lodash.createCallback = createCallback;
    lodash.curry = curry;
    lodash.debounce = debounce;
    lodash.defaults = defaults;
    lodash.defer = defer;
    lodash.delay = delay;
    lodash.difference = difference;
    lodash.filter = filter;
    lodash.flatten = flatten;
    lodash.forEach = forEach;
    lodash.forEachRight = forEachRight;
    lodash.forIn = forIn;
    lodash.forInRight = forInRight;
    lodash.forOwn = forOwn;
    lodash.forOwnRight = forOwnRight;
    lodash.functions = functions;
    lodash.groupBy = groupBy;
    lodash.indexBy = indexBy;
    lodash.initial = initial;
    lodash.intersection = intersection;
    lodash.invert = invert;
    lodash.invoke = invoke;
    lodash.keys = keys;
    lodash.map = map;
    lodash.mapValues = mapValues;
    lodash.max = max;
    lodash.memoize = memoize;
    lodash.merge = merge;
    lodash.min = min;
    lodash.omit = omit;
    lodash.once = once;
    lodash.pairs = pairs;
    lodash.partial = partial;
    lodash.partialRight = partialRight;
    lodash.pick = pick;
    lodash.pluck = pluck;
    lodash.property = property;
    lodash.pull = pull;
    lodash.range = range;
    lodash.reject = reject;
    lodash.remove = remove;
    lodash.rest = rest;
    lodash.shuffle = shuffle;
    lodash.sortBy = sortBy;
    lodash.tap = tap;
    lodash.throttle = throttle;
    lodash.times = times;
    lodash.toArray = toArray;
    lodash.transform = transform;
    lodash.union = union;
    lodash.uniq = uniq;
    lodash.values = values;
    lodash.where = where;
    lodash.without = without;
    lodash.wrap = wrap;
    lodash.xor = xor;
    lodash.zip = zip;
    lodash.zipObject = zipObject;

    // add aliases
    lodash.collect = map;
    lodash.drop = rest;
    lodash.each = forEach;
    lodash.eachRight = forEachRight;
    lodash.extend = assign;
    lodash.methods = functions;
    lodash.object = zipObject;
    lodash.select = filter;
    lodash.tail = rest;
    lodash.unique = uniq;
    lodash.unzip = zip;

    // add functions to `lodash.prototype`
    mixin(lodash);

    /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

    // add functions that return unwrapped values when chaining
    lodash.clone = clone;
    lodash.cloneDeep = cloneDeep;
    lodash.contains = contains;
    lodash.escape = escape;
    lodash.every = every;
    lodash.find = find;
    lodash.findIndex = findIndex;
    lodash.findKey = findKey;
    lodash.findLast = findLast;
    lodash.findLastIndex = findLastIndex;
    lodash.findLastKey = findLastKey;
    lodash.has = has;
    lodash.identity = identity;
    lodash.indexOf = indexOf;
    lodash.isArguments = isArguments;
    lodash.isArray = isArray;
    lodash.isBoolean = isBoolean;
    lodash.isDate = isDate;
    lodash.isElement = isElement;
    lodash.isEmpty = isEmpty;
    lodash.isEqual = isEqual;
    lodash.isFinite = isFinite;
    lodash.isFunction = isFunction;
    lodash.isNaN = isNaN;
    lodash.isNull = isNull;
    lodash.isNumber = isNumber;
    lodash.isObject = isObject;
    lodash.isPlainObject = isPlainObject;
    lodash.isRegExp = isRegExp;
    lodash.isString = isString;
    lodash.isUndefined = isUndefined;
    lodash.lastIndexOf = lastIndexOf;
    lodash.mixin = mixin;
    lodash.noConflict = noConflict;
    lodash.noop = noop;
    lodash.now = now;
    lodash.parseInt = parseInt;
    lodash.random = random;
    lodash.reduce = reduce;
    lodash.reduceRight = reduceRight;
    lodash.result = result;
    lodash.runInContext = runInContext;
    lodash.size = size;
    lodash.some = some;
    lodash.sortedIndex = sortedIndex;
    lodash.template = template;
    lodash.unescape = unescape;
    lodash.uniqueId = uniqueId;

    // add aliases
    lodash.all = every;
    lodash.any = some;
    lodash.detect = find;
    lodash.findWhere = find;
    lodash.foldl = reduce;
    lodash.foldr = reduceRight;
    lodash.include = contains;
    lodash.inject = reduce;

    mixin(function() {
      var source = {}
      forOwn(lodash, function(func, methodName) {
        if (!lodash.prototype[methodName]) {
          source[methodName] = func;
        }
      });
      return source;
    }(), false);

    /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

    // add functions capable of returning wrapped and unwrapped values when chaining
    lodash.first = first;
    lodash.last = last;
    lodash.sample = sample;

    // add aliases
    lodash.take = first;
    lodash.head = first;

    forOwn(lodash, function(func, methodName) {
      var callbackable = methodName !== 'sample';
      if (!lodash.prototype[methodName]) {
        lodash.prototype[methodName]= function(n, guard) {
          var chainAll = this.__chain__,
              result = func(this.__wrapped__, n, guard);

          return !chainAll && (n == null || (guard && !(callbackable && typeof n == 'function')))
            ? result
            : new lodashWrapper(result, chainAll);
        };
      }
    });

    /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

    /**
     * The semantic version number.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @type string
     */
    lodash.VERSION = '2.4.1';

    // add "Chaining" functions to the wrapper
    lodash.prototype.chain = wrapperChain;
    lodash.prototype.toString = wrapperToString;
    lodash.prototype.value = wrapperValueOf;
    lodash.prototype.valueOf = wrapperValueOf;

    // add `Array` functions that return unwrapped values
    forEach(['join', 'pop', 'shift'], function(methodName) {
      var func = arrayRef[methodName];
      lodash.prototype[methodName] = function() {
        var chainAll = this.__chain__,
            result = func.apply(this.__wrapped__, arguments);

        return chainAll
          ? new lodashWrapper(result, chainAll)
          : result;
      };
    });

    // add `Array` functions that return the existing wrapped value
    forEach(['push', 'reverse', 'sort', 'unshift'], function(methodName) {
      var func = arrayRef[methodName];
      lodash.prototype[methodName] = function() {
        func.apply(this.__wrapped__, arguments);
        return this;
      };
    });

    // add `Array` functions that return new wrapped values
    forEach(['concat', 'slice', 'splice'], function(methodName) {
      var func = arrayRef[methodName];
      lodash.prototype[methodName] = function() {
        return new lodashWrapper(func.apply(this.__wrapped__, arguments), this.__chain__);
      };
    });

    return lodash;
  }

  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  // expose Lo-Dash
  var _ = runInContext();

  // some AMD build optimizers like r.js check for condition patterns like the following:
  if (typeof define == 'function' && typeof define.amd == 'object' && define.amd) {
    // Expose Lo-Dash to the global object even when an AMD loader is present in
    // case Lo-Dash is loaded with a RequireJS shim config.
    // See http://requirejs.org/docs/api.html#config-shim
    root._ = _;

    // define as an anonymous module so, through path mapping, it can be
    // referenced as the "underscore" module
    define(function() {
      return _;
    });
  }
  // check for `exports` after `define` in case a build optimizer adds an `exports` object
  else if (freeExports && freeModule) {
    // in Node.js or RingoJS
    if (moduleExports) {
      (freeModule.exports = _)._ = _;
    }
    // in Narwhal or Rhino -require
    else {
      freeExports._ = _;
    }
  }
  else {
    // in a browser or Rhino
    root._ = _;
  }
}.call(this));

}).call(this,typeof global !== "undefined" ? global : typeof self !== "undefined" ? self : typeof window !== "undefined" ? window : {})
},{}],89:[function(require,module,exports){
module.exports = require("./lib/_stream_duplex.js")

},{"./lib/_stream_duplex.js":90}],90:[function(require,module,exports){
(function (process){
// Copyright Joyent, Inc. and other Node contributors.
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
// copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
// "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
// without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
// distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit
// persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the
// following conditions:
//
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
// in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
//
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
// OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
// MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN
// NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM,
// DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR
// OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE
// USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

// a duplex stream is just a stream that is both readable and writable.
// Since JS doesn't have multiple prototypal inheritance, this class
// prototypally inherits from Readable, and then parasitically from
// Writable.

module.exports = Duplex;

/*<replacement>*/
var objectKeys = Object.keys || function (obj) {
  var keys = [];
  for (var key in obj) keys.push(key);
  return keys;
}
/*</replacement>*/


/*<replacement>*/
var util = require('core-util-is');
util.inherits = require('inherits');
/*</replacement>*/

var Readable = require('./_stream_readable');
var Writable = require('./_stream_writable');

util.inherits(Duplex, Readable);

forEach(objectKeys(Writable.prototype), function(method) {
  if (!Duplex.prototype[method])
    Duplex.prototype[method] = Writable.prototype[method];
});

function Duplex(options) {
  if (!(this instanceof Duplex))
    return new Duplex(options);

  Readable.call(this, options);
  Writable.call(this, options);

  if (options && options.readable === false)
    this.readable = false;

  if (options && options.writable === false)
    this.writable = false;

  this.allowHalfOpen = true;
  if (options && options.allowHalfOpen === false)
    this.allowHalfOpen = false;

  this.once('end', onend);
}

// the no-half-open enforcer
function onend() {
  // if we allow half-open state, or if the writable side ended,
  // then we're ok.
  if (this.allowHalfOpen || this._writableState.ended)
    return;

  // no more data can be written.
  // But allow more writes to happen in this tick.
  process.nextTick(this.end.bind(this));
}

function forEach (xs, f) {
  for (var i = 0, l = xs.length; i < l; i++) {
    f(xs[i], i);
  }
}

}).call(this,require('_process'))
},{"./_stream_readable":92,"./_stream_writable":94,"_process":84,"core-util-is":95,"inherits":87}],91:[function(require,module,exports){
// Copyright Joyent, Inc. and other Node contributors.
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
// copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
// "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
// without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
// distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit
// persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the
// following conditions:
//
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
// in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
//
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
// OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
// MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN
// NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM,
// DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR
// OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE
// USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

// a passthrough stream.
// basically just the most minimal sort of Transform stream.
// Every written chunk gets output as-is.

module.exports = PassThrough;

var Transform = require('./_stream_transform');

/*<replacement>*/
var util = require('core-util-is');
util.inherits = require('inherits');
/*</replacement>*/

util.inherits(PassThrough, Transform);

function PassThrough(options) {
  if (!(this instanceof PassThrough))
    return new PassThrough(options);

  Transform.call(this, options);
}

PassThrough.prototype._transform = function(chunk, encoding, cb) {
  cb(null, chunk);
};

},{"./_stream_transform":93,"core-util-is":95,"inherits":87}],92:[function(require,module,exports){
(function (process){
// Copyright Joyent, Inc. and other Node contributors.
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
// copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
// "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
// without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
// distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit
// persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the
// following conditions:
//
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
// in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
//
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
// OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
// MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN
// NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM,
// DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR
// OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE
// USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

module.exports = Readable;

/*<replacement>*/
var isArray = require('isarray');
/*</replacement>*/


/*<replacement>*/
var Buffer = require('buffer').Buffer;
/*</replacement>*/

Readable.ReadableState = ReadableState;

var EE = require('events').EventEmitter;

/*<replacement>*/
if (!EE.listenerCount) EE.listenerCount = function(emitter, type) {
  return emitter.listeners(type).length;
};
/*</replacement>*/

var Stream = require('stream');

/*<replacement>*/
var util = require('core-util-is');
util.inherits = require('inherits');
/*</replacement>*/

var StringDecoder;


/*<replacement>*/
var debug = require('util');
if (debug && debug.debuglog) {
  debug = debug.debuglog('stream');
} else {
  debug = function () {};
}
/*</replacement>*/


util.inherits(Readable, Stream);

function ReadableState(options, stream) {
  var Duplex = require('./_stream_duplex');

  options = options || {};

  // the point at which it stops calling _read() to fill the buffer
  // Note: 0 is a valid value, means "don't call _read preemptively ever"
  var hwm = options.highWaterMark;
  var defaultHwm = options.objectMode ? 16 : 16 * 1024;
  this.highWaterMark = (hwm || hwm === 0) ? hwm : defaultHwm;

  // cast to ints.
  this.highWaterMark = ~~this.highWaterMark;

  this.buffer = [];
  this.length = 0;
  this.pipes = null;
  this.pipesCount = 0;
  this.flowing = null;
  this.ended = false;
  this.endEmitted = false;
  this.reading = false;

  // a flag to be able to tell if the onwrite cb is called immediately,
  // or on a later tick.  We set this to true at first, because any
  // actions that shouldn't happen until "later" should generally also
  // not happen before the first write call.
  this.sync = true;

  // whenever we return null, then we set a flag to say
  // that we're awaiting a 'readable' event emission.
  this.needReadable = false;
  this.emittedReadable = false;
  this.readableListening = false;


  // object stream flag. Used to make read(n) ignore n and to
  // make all the buffer merging and length checks go away
  this.objectMode = !!options.objectMode;

  if (stream instanceof Duplex)
    this.objectMode = this.objectMode || !!options.readableObjectMode;

  // Crypto is kind of old and crusty.  Historically, its default string
  // encoding is 'binary' so we have to make this configurable.
  // Everything else in the universe uses 'utf8', though.
  this.defaultEncoding = options.defaultEncoding || 'utf8';

  // when piping, we only care about 'readable' events that happen
  // after read()ing all the bytes and not getting any pushback.
  this.ranOut = false;

  // the number of writers that are awaiting a drain event in .pipe()s
  this.awaitDrain = 0;

  // if true, a maybeReadMore has been scheduled
  this.readingMore = false;

  this.decoder = null;
  this.encoding = null;
  if (options.encoding) {
    if (!StringDecoder)
      StringDecoder = require('string_decoder/').StringDecoder;
    this.decoder = new StringDecoder(options.encoding);
    this.encoding = options.encoding;
  }
}

function Readable(options) {
  var Duplex = require('./_stream_duplex');

  if (!(this instanceof Readable))
    return new Readable(options);

  this._readableState = new ReadableState(options, this);

  // legacy
  this.readable = true;

  Stream.call(this);
}

// Manually shove something into the read() buffer.
// This returns true if the highWaterMark has not been hit yet,
// similar to how Writable.write() returns true if you should
// write() some more.
Readable.prototype.push = function(chunk, encoding) {
  var state = this._readableState;

  if (util.isString(chunk) && !state.objectMode) {
    encoding = encoding || state.defaultEncoding;
    if (encoding !== state.encoding) {
      chunk = new Buffer(chunk, encoding);
      encoding = '';
    }
  }

  return readableAddChunk(this, state, chunk, encoding, false);
};

// Unshift should *always* be something directly out of read()
Readable.prototype.unshift = function(chunk) {
  var state = this._readableState;
  return readableAddChunk(this, state, chunk, '', true);
};

function readableAddChunk(stream, state, chunk, encoding, addToFront) {
  var er = chunkInvalid(state, chunk);
  if (er) {
    stream.emit('error', er);
  } else if (util.isNullOrUndefined(chunk)) {
    state.reading = false;
    if (!state.ended)
      onEofChunk(stream, state);
  } else if (state.objectMode || chunk && chunk.length > 0) {
    if (state.ended && !addToFront) {
      var e = new Error('stream.push() after EOF');
      stream.emit('error', e);
    } else if (state.endEmitted && addToFront) {
      var e = new Error('stream.unshift() after end event');
      stream.emit('error', e);
    } else {
      if (state.decoder && !addToFront && !encoding)
        chunk = state.decoder.write(chunk);

      if (!addToFront)
        state.reading = false;

      // if we want the data now, just emit it.
      if (state.flowing && state.length === 0 && !state.sync) {
        stream.emit('data', chunk);
        stream.read(0);
      } else {
        // update the buffer info.
        state.length += state.objectMode ? 1 : chunk.length;
        if (addToFront)
          state.buffer.unshift(chunk);
        else
          state.buffer.push(chunk);

        if (state.needReadable)
          emitReadable(stream);
      }

      maybeReadMore(stream, state);
    }
  } else if (!addToFront) {
    state.reading = false;
  }

  return needMoreData(state);
}



// if it's past the high water mark, we can push in some more.
// Also, if we have no data yet, we can stand some
// more bytes.  This is to work around cases where hwm=0,
// such as the repl.  Also, if the push() triggered a
// readable event, and the user called read(largeNumber) such that
// needReadable was set, then we ought to push more, so that another
// 'readable' event will be triggered.
function needMoreData(state) {
  return !state.ended &&
         (state.needReadable ||
          state.length < state.highWaterMark ||
          state.length === 0);
}

// backwards compatibility.
Readable.prototype.setEncoding = function(enc) {
  if (!StringDecoder)
    StringDecoder = require('string_decoder/').StringDecoder;
  this._readableState.decoder = new StringDecoder(enc);
  this._readableState.encoding = enc;
  return this;
};

// Don't raise the hwm > 128MB
var MAX_HWM = 0x800000;
function roundUpToNextPowerOf2(n) {
  if (n >= MAX_HWM) {
    n = MAX_HWM;
  } else {
    // Get the next highest power of 2
    n--;
    for (var p = 1; p < 32; p <<= 1) n |= n >> p;
    n++;
  }
  return n;
}

function howMuchToRead(n, state) {
  if (state.length === 0 && state.ended)
    return 0;

  if (state.objectMode)
    return n === 0 ? 0 : 1;

  if (isNaN(n) || util.isNull(n)) {
    // only flow one buffer at a time
    if (state.flowing && state.buffer.length)
      return state.buffer[0].length;
    else
      return state.length;
  }

  if (n <= 0)
    return 0;

  // If we're asking for more than the target buffer level,
  // then raise the water mark.  Bump up to the next highest
  // power of 2, to prevent increasing it excessively in tiny
  // amounts.
  if (n > state.highWaterMark)
    state.highWaterMark = roundUpToNextPowerOf2(n);

  // don't have that much.  return null, unless we've ended.
  if (n > state.length) {
    if (!state.ended) {
      state.needReadable = true;
      return 0;
    } else
      return state.length;
  }

  return n;
}

// you can override either this method, or the async _read(n) below.
Readable.prototype.read = function(n) {
  debug('read', n);
  var state = this._readableState;
  var nOrig = n;

  if (!util.isNumber(n) || n > 0)
    state.emittedReadable = false;

  // if we're doing read(0) to trigger a readable event, but we
  // already have a bunch of data in the buffer, then just trigger
  // the 'readable' event and move on.
  if (n === 0 &&
      state.needReadable &&
      (state.length >= state.highWaterMark || state.ended)) {
    debug('read: emitReadable', state.length, state.ended);
    if (state.length === 0 && state.ended)
      endReadable(this);
    else
      emitReadable(this);
    return null;
  }

  n = howMuchToRead(n, state);

  // if we've ended, and we're now clear, then finish it up.
  if (n === 0 && state.ended) {
    if (state.length === 0)
      endReadable(this);
    return null;
  }

  // All the actual chunk generation logic needs to be
  // *below* the call to _read.  The reason is that in certain
  // synthetic stream cases, such as passthrough streams, _read
  // may be a completely synchronous operation which may change
  // the state of the read buffer, providing enough data when
  // before there was *not* enough.
  //
  // So, the steps are:
  // 1. Figure out what the state of things will be after we do
  // a read from the buffer.
  //
  // 2. If that resulting state will trigger a _read, then call _read.
  // Note that this may be asynchronous, or synchronous.  Yes, it is
  // deeply ugly to write APIs this way, but that still doesn't mean
  // that the Readable class should behave improperly, as streams are
  // designed to be sync/async agnostic.
  // Take note if the _read call is sync or async (ie, if the read call
  // has returned yet), so that we know whether or not it's safe to emit
  // 'readable' etc.
  //
  // 3. Actually pull the requested chunks out of the buffer and return.

  // if we need a readable event, then we need to do some reading.
  var doRead = state.needReadable;
  debug('need readable', doRead);

  // if we currently have less than the highWaterMark, then also read some
  if (state.length === 0 || state.length - n < state.highWaterMark) {
    doRead = true;
    debug('length less than watermark', doRead);
  }

  // however, if we've ended, then there's no point, and if we're already
  // reading, then it's unnecessary.
  if (state.ended || state.reading) {
    doRead = false;
    debug('reading or ended', doRead);
  }

  if (doRead) {
    debug('do read');
    state.reading = true;
    state.sync = true;
    // if the length is currently zero, then we *need* a readable event.
    if (state.length === 0)
      state.needReadable = true;
    // call internal read method
    this._read(state.highWaterMark);
    state.sync = false;
  }

  // If _read pushed data synchronously, then `reading` will be false,
  // and we need to re-evaluate how much data we can return to the user.
  if (doRead && !state.reading)
    n = howMuchToRead(nOrig, state);

  var ret;
  if (n > 0)
    ret = fromList(n, state);
  else
    ret = null;

  if (util.isNull(ret)) {
    state.needReadable = true;
    n = 0;
  }

  state.length -= n;

  // If we have nothing in the buffer, then we want to know
  // as soon as we *do* get something into the buffer.
  if (state.length === 0 && !state.ended)
    state.needReadable = true;

  // If we tried to read() past the EOF, then emit end on the next tick.
  if (nOrig !== n && state.ended && state.length === 0)
    endReadable(this);

  if (!util.isNull(ret))
    this.emit('data', ret);

  return ret;
};

function chunkInvalid(state, chunk) {
  var er = null;
  if (!util.isBuffer(chunk) &&
      !util.isString(chunk) &&
      !util.isNullOrUndefined(chunk) &&
      !state.objectMode) {
    er = new TypeError('Invalid non-string/buffer chunk');
  }
  return er;
}


function onEofChunk(stream, state) {
  if (state.decoder && !state.ended) {
    var chunk = state.decoder.end();
    if (chunk && chunk.length) {
      state.buffer.push(chunk);
      state.length += state.objectMode ? 1 : chunk.length;
    }
  }
  state.ended = true;

  // emit 'readable' now to make sure it gets picked up.
  emitReadable(stream);
}

// Don't emit readable right away in sync mode, because this can trigger
// another read() call => stack overflow.  This way, it might trigger
// a nextTick recursion warning, but that's not so bad.
function emitReadable(stream) {
  var state = stream._readableState;
  state.needReadable = false;
  if (!state.emittedReadable) {
    debug('emitReadable', state.flowing);
    state.emittedReadable = true;
    if (state.sync)
      process.nextTick(function() {
        emitReadable_(stream);
      });
    else
      emitReadable_(stream);
  }
}

function emitReadable_(stream) {
  debug('emit readable');
  stream.emit('readable');
  flow(stream);
}


// at this point, the user has presumably seen the 'readable' event,
// and called read() to consume some data.  that may have triggered
// in turn another _read(n) call, in which case reading = true if
// it's in progress.
// However, if we're not ended, or reading, and the length < hwm,
// then go ahead and try to read some more preemptively.
function maybeReadMore(stream, state) {
  if (!state.readingMore) {
    state.readingMore = true;
    process.nextTick(function() {
      maybeReadMore_(stream, state);
    });
  }
}

function maybeReadMore_(stream, state) {
  var len = state.length;
  while (!state.reading && !state.flowing && !state.ended &&
         state.length < state.highWaterMark) {
    debug('maybeReadMore read 0');
    stream.read(0);
    if (len === state.length)
      // didn't get any data, stop spinning.
      break;
    else
      len = state.length;
  }
  state.readingMore = false;
}

// abstract method.  to be overridden in specific implementation classes.
// call cb(er, data) where data is <= n in length.
// for virtual (non-string, non-buffer) streams, "length" is somewhat
// arbitrary, and perhaps not very meaningful.
Readable.prototype._read = function(n) {
  this.emit('error', new Error('not implemented'));
};

Readable.prototype.pipe = function(dest, pipeOpts) {
  var src = this;
  var state = this._readableState;

  switch (state.pipesCount) {
    case 0:
      state.pipes = dest;
      break;
    case 1:
      state.pipes = [state.pipes, dest];
      break;
    default:
      state.pipes.push(dest);
      break;
  }
  state.pipesCount += 1;
  debug('pipe count=%d opts=%j', state.pipesCount, pipeOpts);

  var doEnd = (!pipeOpts || pipeOpts.end !== false) &&
              dest !== process.stdout &&
              dest !== process.stderr;

  var endFn = doEnd ? onend : cleanup;
  if (state.endEmitted)
    process.nextTick(endFn);
  else
    src.once('end', endFn);

  dest.on('unpipe', onunpipe);
  function onunpipe(readable) {
    debug('onunpipe');
    if (readable === src) {
      cleanup();
    }
  }

  function onend() {
    debug('onend');
    dest.end();
  }

  // when the dest drains, it reduces the awaitDrain counter
  // on the source.  This would be more elegant with a .once()
  // handler in flow(), but adding and removing repeatedly is
  // too slow.
  var ondrain = pipeOnDrain(src);
  dest.on('drain', ondrain);

  function cleanup() {
    debug('cleanup');
    // cleanup event handlers once the pipe is broken
    dest.removeListener('close', onclose);
    dest.removeListener('finish', onfinish);
    dest.removeListener('drain', ondrain);
    dest.removeListener('error', onerror);
    dest.removeListener('unpipe', onunpipe);
    src.removeListener('end', onend);
    src.removeListener('end', cleanup);
    src.removeListener('data', ondata);

    // if the reader is waiting for a drain event from this
    // specific writer, then it would cause it to never start
    // flowing again.
    // So, if this is awaiting a drain, then we just call it now.
    // If we don't know, then assume that we are waiting for one.
    if (state.awaitDrain &&
        (!dest._writableState || dest._writableState.needDrain))
      ondrain();
  }

  src.on('data', ondata);
  function ondata(chunk) {
    debug('ondata');
    var ret = dest.write(chunk);
    if (false === ret) {
      debug('false write response, pause',
            src._readableState.awaitDrain);
      src._readableState.awaitDrain++;
      src.pause();
    }
  }

  // if the dest has an error, then stop piping into it.
  // however, don't suppress the throwing behavior for this.
  function onerror(er) {
    debug('onerror', er);
    unpipe();
    dest.removeListener('error', onerror);
    if (EE.listenerCount(dest, 'error') === 0)
      dest.emit('error', er);
  }
  // This is a brutally ugly hack to make sure that our error handler
  // is attached before any userland ones.  NEVER DO THIS.
  if (!dest._events || !dest._events.error)
    dest.on('error', onerror);
  else if (isArray(dest._events.error))
    dest._events.error.unshift(onerror);
  else
    dest._events.error = [onerror, dest._events.error];



  // Both close and finish should trigger unpipe, but only once.
  function onclose() {
    dest.removeListener('finish', onfinish);
    unpipe();
  }
  dest.once('close', onclose);
  function onfinish() {
    debug('onfinish');
    dest.removeListener('close', onclose);
    unpipe();
  }
  dest.once('finish', onfinish);

  function unpipe() {
    debug('unpipe');
    src.unpipe(dest);
  }

  // tell the dest that it's being piped to
  dest.emit('pipe', src);

  // start the flow if it hasn't been started already.
  if (!state.flowing) {
    debug('pipe resume');
    src.resume();
  }

  return dest;
};

function pipeOnDrain(src) {
  return function() {
    var state = src._readableState;
    debug('pipeOnDrain', state.awaitDrain);
    if (state.awaitDrain)
      state.awaitDrain--;
    if (state.awaitDrain === 0 && EE.listenerCount(src, 'data')) {
      state.flowing = true;
      flow(src);
    }
  };
}


Readable.prototype.unpipe = function(dest) {
  var state = this._readableState;

  // if we're not piping anywhere, then do nothing.
  if (state.pipesCount === 0)
    return this;

  // just one destination.  most common case.
  if (state.pipesCount === 1) {
    // passed in one, but it's not the right one.
    if (dest && dest !== state.pipes)
      return this;

    if (!dest)
      dest = state.pipes;

    // got a match.
    state.pipes = null;
    state.pipesCount = 0;
    state.flowing = false;
    if (dest)
      dest.emit('unpipe', this);
    return this;
  }

  // slow case. multiple pipe destinations.

  if (!dest) {
    // remove all.
    var dests = state.pipes;
    var len = state.pipesCount;
    state.pipes = null;
    state.pipesCount = 0;
    state.flowing = false;

    for (var i = 0; i < len; i++)
      dests[i].emit('unpipe', this);
    return this;
  }

  // try to find the right one.
  var i = indexOf(state.pipes, dest);
  if (i === -1)
    return this;

  state.pipes.splice(i, 1);
  state.pipesCount -= 1;
  if (state.pipesCount === 1)
    state.pipes = state.pipes[0];

  dest.emit('unpipe', this);

  return this;
};

// set up data events if they are asked for
// Ensure readable listeners eventually get something
Readable.prototype.on = function(ev, fn) {
  var res = Stream.prototype.on.call(this, ev, fn);

  // If listening to data, and it has not explicitly been paused,
  // then call resume to start the flow of data on the next tick.
  if (ev === 'data' && false !== this._readableState.flowing) {
    this.resume();
  }

  if (ev === 'readable' && this.readable) {
    var state = this._readableState;
    if (!state.readableListening) {
      state.readableListening = true;
      state.emittedReadable = false;
      state.needReadable = true;
      if (!state.reading) {
        var self = this;
        process.nextTick(function() {
          debug('readable nexttick read 0');
          self.read(0);
        });
      } else if (state.length) {
        emitReadable(this, state);
      }
    }
  }

  return res;
};
Readable.prototype.addListener = Readable.prototype.on;

// pause() and resume() are remnants of the legacy readable stream API
// If the user uses them, then switch into old mode.
Readable.prototype.resume = function() {
  var state = this._readableState;
  if (!state.flowing) {
    debug('resume');
    state.flowing = true;
    if (!state.reading) {
      debug('resume read 0');
      this.read(0);
    }
    resume(this, state);
  }
  return this;
};

function resume(stream, state) {
  if (!state.resumeScheduled) {
    state.resumeScheduled = true;
    process.nextTick(function() {
      resume_(stream, state);
    });
  }
}

function resume_(stream, state) {
  state.resumeScheduled = false;
  stream.emit('resume');
  flow(stream);
  if (state.flowing && !state.reading)
    stream.read(0);
}

Readable.prototype.pause = function() {
  debug('call pause flowing=%j', this._readableState.flowing);
  if (false !== this._readableState.flowing) {
    debug('pause');
    this._readableState.flowing = false;
    this.emit('pause');
  }
  return this;
};

function flow(stream) {
  var state = stream._readableState;
  debug('flow', state.flowing);
  if (state.flowing) {
    do {
      var chunk = stream.read();
    } while (null !== chunk && state.flowing);
  }
}

// wrap an old-style stream as the async data source.
// This is *not* part of the readable stream interface.
// It is an ugly unfortunate mess of history.
Readable.prototype.wrap = function(stream) {
  var state = this._readableState;
  var paused = false;

  var self = this;
  stream.on('end', function() {
    debug('wrapped end');
    if (state.decoder && !state.ended) {
      var chunk = state.decoder.end();
      if (chunk && chunk.length)
        self.push(chunk);
    }

    self.push(null);
  });

  stream.on('data', function(chunk) {
    debug('wrapped data');
    if (state.decoder)
      chunk = state.decoder.write(chunk);
    if (!chunk || !state.objectMode && !chunk.length)
      return;

    var ret = self.push(chunk);
    if (!ret) {
      paused = true;
      stream.pause();
    }
  });

  // proxy all the other methods.
  // important when wrapping filters and duplexes.
  for (var i in stream) {
    if (util.isFunction(stream[i]) && util.isUndefined(this[i])) {
      this[i] = function(method) { return function() {
        return stream[method].apply(stream, arguments);
      }}(i);
    }
  }

  // proxy certain important events.
  var events = ['error', 'close', 'destroy', 'pause', 'resume'];
  forEach(events, function(ev) {
    stream.on(ev, self.emit.bind(self, ev));
  });

  // when we try to consume some more bytes, simply unpause the
  // underlying stream.
  self._read = function(n) {
    debug('wrapped _read', n);
    if (paused) {
      paused = false;
      stream.resume();
    }
  };

  return self;
};



// exposed for testing purposes only.
Readable._fromList = fromList;

// Pluck off n bytes from an array of buffers.
// Length is the combined lengths of all the buffers in the list.
function fromList(n, state) {
  var list = state.buffer;
  var length = state.length;
  var stringMode = !!state.decoder;
  var objectMode = !!state.objectMode;
  var ret;

  // nothing in the list, definitely empty.
  if (list.length === 0)
    return null;

  if (length === 0)
    ret = null;
  else if (objectMode)
    ret = list.shift();
  else if (!n || n >= length) {
    // read it all, truncate the array.
    if (stringMode)
      ret = list.join('');
    else
      ret = Buffer.concat(list, length);
    list.length = 0;
  } else {
    // read just some of it.
    if (n < list[0].length) {
      // just take a part of the first list item.
      // slice is the same for buffers and strings.
      var buf = list[0];
      ret = buf.slice(0, n);
      list[0] = buf.slice(n);
    } else if (n === list[0].length) {
      // first list is a perfect match
      ret = list.shift();
    } else {
      // complex case.
      // we have enough to cover it, but it spans past the first buffer.
      if (stringMode)
        ret = '';
      else
        ret = new Buffer(n);

      var c = 0;
      for (var i = 0, l = list.length; i < l && c < n; i++) {
        var buf = list[0];
        var cpy = Math.min(n - c, buf.length);

        if (stringMode)
          ret += buf.slice(0, cpy);
        else
          buf.copy(ret, c, 0, cpy);

        if (cpy < buf.length)
          list[0] = buf.slice(cpy);
        else
          list.shift();

        c += cpy;
      }
    }
  }

  return ret;
}

function endReadable(stream) {
  var state = stream._readableState;

  // If we get here before consuming all the bytes, then that is a
  // bug in node.  Should never happen.
  if (state.length > 0)
    throw new Error('endReadable called on non-empty stream');

  if (!state.endEmitted) {
    state.ended = true;
    process.nextTick(function() {
      // Check that we didn't get one last unshift.
      if (!state.endEmitted && state.length === 0) {
        state.endEmitted = true;
        stream.readable = false;
        stream.emit('end');
      }
    });
  }
}

function forEach (xs, f) {
  for (var i = 0, l = xs.length; i < l; i++) {
    f(xs[i], i);
  }
}

function indexOf (xs, x) {
  for (var i = 0, l = xs.length; i < l; i++) {
    if (xs[i] === x) return i;
  }
  return -1;
}

}).call(this,require('_process'))
},{"./_stream_duplex":90,"_process":84,"buffer":79,"core-util-is":95,"events":83,"inherits":87,"isarray":96,"stream":85,"string_decoder/":97,"util":78}],93:[function(require,module,exports){
// Copyright Joyent, Inc. and other Node contributors.
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
// copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
// "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
// without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
// distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit
// persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the
// following conditions:
//
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
// in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
//
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
// OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
// MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN
// NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM,
// DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR
// OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE
// USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.


// a transform stream is a readable/writable stream where you do
// something with the data.  Sometimes it's called a "filter",
// but that's not a great name for it, since that implies a thing where
// some bits pass through, and others are simply ignored.  (That would
// be a valid example of a transform, of course.)
//
// While the output is causally related to the input, it's not a
// necessarily symmetric or synchronous transformation.  For example,
// a zlib stream might take multiple plain-text writes(), and then
// emit a single compressed chunk some time in the future.
//
// Here's how this works:
//
// The Transform stream has all the aspects of the readable and writable
// stream classes.  When you write(chunk), that calls _write(chunk,cb)
// internally, and returns false if there's a lot of pending writes
// buffered up.  When you call read(), that calls _read(n) until
// there's enough pending readable data buffered up.
//
// In a transform stream, the written data is placed in a buffer.  When
// _read(n) is called, it transforms the queued up data, calling the
// buffered _write cb's as it consumes chunks.  If consuming a single
// written chunk would result in multiple output chunks, then the first
// outputted bit calls the readcb, and subsequent chunks just go into
// the read buffer, and will cause it to emit 'readable' if necessary.
//
// This way, back-pressure is actually determined by the reading side,
// since _read has to be called to start processing a new chunk.  However,
// a pathological inflate type of transform can cause excessive buffering
// here.  For example, imagine a stream where every byte of input is
// interpreted as an integer from 0-255, and then results in that many
// bytes of output.  Writing the 4 bytes {ff,ff,ff,ff} would result in
// 1kb of data being output.  In this case, you could write a very small
// amount of input, and end up with a very large amount of output.  In
// such a pathological inflating mechanism, there'd be no way to tell
// the system to stop doing the transform.  A single 4MB write could
// cause the system to run out of memory.
//
// However, even in such a pathological case, only a single written chunk
// would be consumed, and then the rest would wait (un-transformed) until
// the results of the previous transformed chunk were consumed.

module.exports = Transform;

var Duplex = require('./_stream_duplex');

/*<replacement>*/
var util = require('core-util-is');
util.inherits = require('inherits');
/*</replacement>*/

util.inherits(Transform, Duplex);


function TransformState(options, stream) {
  this.afterTransform = function(er, data) {
    return afterTransform(stream, er, data);
  };

  this.needTransform = false;
  this.transforming = false;
  this.writecb = null;
  this.writechunk = null;
}

function afterTransform(stream, er, data) {
  var ts = stream._transformState;
  ts.transforming = false;

  var cb = ts.writecb;

  if (!cb)
    return stream.emit('error', new Error('no writecb in Transform class'));

  ts.writechunk = null;
  ts.writecb = null;

  if (!util.isNullOrUndefined(data))
    stream.push(data);

  if (cb)
    cb(er);

  var rs = stream._readableState;
  rs.reading = false;
  if (rs.needReadable || rs.length < rs.highWaterMark) {
    stream._read(rs.highWaterMark);
  }
}


function Transform(options) {
  if (!(this instanceof Transform))
    return new Transform(options);

  Duplex.call(this, options);

  this._transformState = new TransformState(options, this);

  // when the writable side finishes, then flush out anything remaining.
  var stream = this;

  // start out asking for a readable event once data is transformed.
  this._readableState.needReadable = true;

  // we have implemented the _read method, and done the other things
  // that Readable wants before the first _read call, so unset the
  // sync guard flag.
  this._readableState.sync = false;

  this.once('prefinish', function() {
    if (util.isFunction(this._flush))
      this._flush(function(er) {
        done(stream, er);
      });
    else
      done(stream);
  });
}

Transform.prototype.push = function(chunk, encoding) {
  this._transformState.needTransform = false;
  return Duplex.prototype.push.call(this, chunk, encoding);
};

// This is the part where you do stuff!
// override this function in implementation classes.
// 'chunk' is an input chunk.
//
// Call `push(newChunk)` to pass along transformed output
// to the readable side.  You may call 'push' zero or more times.
//
// Call `cb(err)` when you are done with this chunk.  If you pass
// an error, then that'll put the hurt on the whole operation.  If you
// never call cb(), then you'll never get another chunk.
Transform.prototype._transform = function(chunk, encoding, cb) {
  throw new Error('not implemented');
};

Transform.prototype._write = function(chunk, encoding, cb) {
  var ts = this._transformState;
  ts.writecb = cb;
  ts.writechunk = chunk;
  ts.writeencoding = encoding;
  if (!ts.transforming) {
    var rs = this._readableState;
    if (ts.needTransform ||
        rs.needReadable ||
        rs.length < rs.highWaterMark)
      this._read(rs.highWaterMark);
  }
};

// Doesn't matter what the args are here.
// _transform does all the work.
// That we got here means that the readable side wants more data.
Transform.prototype._read = function(n) {
  var ts = this._transformState;

  if (!util.isNull(ts.writechunk) && ts.writecb && !ts.transforming) {
    ts.transforming = true;
    this._transform(ts.writechunk, ts.writeencoding, ts.afterTransform);
  } else {
    // mark that we need a transform, so that any data that comes in
    // will get processed, now that we've asked for it.
    ts.needTransform = true;
  }
};


function done(stream, er) {
  if (er)
    return stream.emit('error', er);

  // if there's nothing in the write buffer, then that means
  // that nothing more will ever be provided
  var ws = stream._writableState;
  var ts = stream._transformState;

  if (ws.length)
    throw new Error('calling transform done when ws.length != 0');

  if (ts.transforming)
    throw new Error('calling transform done when still transforming');

  return stream.push(null);
}

},{"./_stream_duplex":90,"core-util-is":95,"inherits":87}],94:[function(require,module,exports){
(function (process){
// Copyright Joyent, Inc. and other Node contributors.
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
// copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
// "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
// without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
// distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit
// persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the
// following conditions:
//
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
// in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
//
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
// OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
// MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN
// NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM,
// DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR
// OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE
// USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

// A bit simpler than readable streams.
// Implement an async ._write(chunk, cb), and it'll handle all
// the drain event emission and buffering.

module.exports = Writable;

/*<replacement>*/
var Buffer = require('buffer').Buffer;
/*</replacement>*/

Writable.WritableState = WritableState;


/*<replacement>*/
var util = require('core-util-is');
util.inherits = require('inherits');
/*</replacement>*/

var Stream = require('stream');

util.inherits(Writable, Stream);

function WriteReq(chunk, encoding, cb) {
  this.chunk = chunk;
  this.encoding = encoding;
  this.callback = cb;
}

function WritableState(options, stream) {
  var Duplex = require('./_stream_duplex');

  options = options || {};

  // the point at which write() starts returning false
  // Note: 0 is a valid value, means that we always return false if
  // the entire buffer is not flushed immediately on write()
  var hwm = options.highWaterMark;
  var defaultHwm = options.objectMode ? 16 : 16 * 1024;
  this.highWaterMark = (hwm || hwm === 0) ? hwm : defaultHwm;

  // object stream flag to indicate whether or not this stream
  // contains buffers or objects.
  this.objectMode = !!options.objectMode;

  if (stream instanceof Duplex)
    this.objectMode = this.objectMode || !!options.writableObjectMode;

  // cast to ints.
  this.highWaterMark = ~~this.highWaterMark;

  this.needDrain = false;
  // at the start of calling end()
  this.ending = false;
  // when end() has been called, and returned
  this.ended = false;
  // when 'finish' is emitted
  this.finished = false;

  // should we decode strings into buffers before passing to _write?
  // this is here so that some node-core streams can optimize string
  // handling at a lower level.
  var noDecode = options.decodeStrings === false;
  this.decodeStrings = !noDecode;

  // Crypto is kind of old and crusty.  Historically, its default string
  // encoding is 'binary' so we have to make this configurable.
  // Everything else in the universe uses 'utf8', though.
  this.defaultEncoding = options.defaultEncoding || 'utf8';

  // not an actual buffer we keep track of, but a measurement
  // of how much we're waiting to get pushed to some underlying
  // socket or file.
  this.length = 0;

  // a flag to see when we're in the middle of a write.
  this.writing = false;

  // when true all writes will be buffered until .uncork() call
  this.corked = 0;

  // a flag to be able to tell if the onwrite cb is called immediately,
  // or on a later tick.  We set this to true at first, because any
  // actions that shouldn't happen until "later" should generally also
  // not happen before the first write call.
  this.sync = true;

  // a flag to know if we're processing previously buffered items, which
  // may call the _write() callback in the same tick, so that we don't
  // end up in an overlapped onwrite situation.
  this.bufferProcessing = false;

  // the callback that's passed to _write(chunk,cb)
  this.onwrite = function(er) {
    onwrite(stream, er);
  };

  // the callback that the user supplies to write(chunk,encoding,cb)
  this.writecb = null;

  // the amount that is being written when _write is called.
  this.writelen = 0;

  this.buffer = [];

  // number of pending user-supplied write callbacks
  // this must be 0 before 'finish' can be emitted
  this.pendingcb = 0;

  // emit prefinish if the only thing we're waiting for is _write cbs
  // This is relevant for synchronous Transform streams
  this.prefinished = false;

  // True if the error was already emitted and should not be thrown again
  this.errorEmitted = false;
}

function Writable(options) {
  var Duplex = require('./_stream_duplex');

  // Writable ctor is applied to Duplexes, though they're not
  // instanceof Writable, they're instanceof Readable.
  if (!(this instanceof Writable) && !(this instanceof Duplex))
    return new Writable(options);

  this._writableState = new WritableState(options, this);

  // legacy.
  this.writable = true;

  Stream.call(this);
}

// Otherwise people can pipe Writable streams, which is just wrong.
Writable.prototype.pipe = function() {
  this.emit('error', new Error('Cannot pipe. Not readable.'));
};


function writeAfterEnd(stream, state, cb) {
  var er = new Error('write after end');
  // TODO: defer error events consistently everywhere, not just the cb
  stream.emit('error', er);
  process.nextTick(function() {
    cb(er);
  });
}

// If we get something that is not a buffer, string, null, or undefined,
// and we're not in objectMode, then that's an error.
// Otherwise stream chunks are all considered to be of length=1, and the
// watermarks determine how many objects to keep in the buffer, rather than
// how many bytes or characters.
function validChunk(stream, state, chunk, cb) {
  var valid = true;
  if (!util.isBuffer(chunk) &&
      !util.isString(chunk) &&
      !util.isNullOrUndefined(chunk) &&
      !state.objectMode) {
    var er = new TypeError('Invalid non-string/buffer chunk');
    stream.emit('error', er);
    process.nextTick(function() {
      cb(er);
    });
    valid = false;
  }
  return valid;
}

Writable.prototype.write = function(chunk, encoding, cb) {
  var state = this._writableState;
  var ret = false;

  if (util.isFunction(encoding)) {
    cb = encoding;
    encoding = null;
  }

  if (util.isBuffer(chunk))
    encoding = 'buffer';
  else if (!encoding)
    encoding = state.defaultEncoding;

  if (!util.isFunction(cb))
    cb = function() {};

  if (state.ended)
    writeAfterEnd(this, state, cb);
  else if (validChunk(this, state, chunk, cb)) {
    state.pendingcb++;
    ret = writeOrBuffer(this, state, chunk, encoding, cb);
  }

  return ret;
};

Writable.prototype.cork = function() {
  var state = this._writableState;

  state.corked++;
};

Writable.prototype.uncork = function() {
  var state = this._writableState;

  if (state.corked) {
    state.corked--;

    if (!state.writing &&
        !state.corked &&
        !state.finished &&
        !state.bufferProcessing &&
        state.buffer.length)
      clearBuffer(this, state);
  }
};

function decodeChunk(state, chunk, encoding) {
  if (!state.objectMode &&
      state.decodeStrings !== false &&
      util.isString(chunk)) {
    chunk = new Buffer(chunk, encoding);
  }
  return chunk;
}

// if we're already writing something, then just put this
// in the queue, and wait our turn.  Otherwise, call _write
// If we return false, then we need a drain event, so set that flag.
function writeOrBuffer(stream, state, chunk, encoding, cb) {
  chunk = decodeChunk(state, chunk, encoding);
  if (util.isBuffer(chunk))
    encoding = 'buffer';
  var len = state.objectMode ? 1 : chunk.length;

  state.length += len;

  var ret = state.length < state.highWaterMark;
  // we must ensure that previous needDrain will not be reset to false.
  if (!ret)
    state.needDrain = true;

  if (state.writing || state.corked)
    state.buffer.push(new WriteReq(chunk, encoding, cb));
  else
    doWrite(stream, state, false, len, chunk, encoding, cb);

  return ret;
}

function doWrite(stream, state, writev, len, chunk, encoding, cb) {
  state.writelen = len;
  state.writecb = cb;
  state.writing = true;
  state.sync = true;
  if (writev)
    stream._writev(chunk, state.onwrite);
  else
    stream._write(chunk, encoding, state.onwrite);
  state.sync = false;
}

function onwriteError(stream, state, sync, er, cb) {
  if (sync)
    process.nextTick(function() {
      state.pendingcb--;
      cb(er);
    });
  else {
    state.pendingcb--;
    cb(er);
  }

  stream._writableState.errorEmitted = true;
  stream.emit('error', er);
}

function onwriteStateUpdate(state) {
  state.writing = false;
  state.writecb = null;
  state.length -= state.writelen;
  state.writelen = 0;
}

function onwrite(stream, er) {
  var state = stream._writableState;
  var sync = state.sync;
  var cb = state.writecb;

  onwriteStateUpdate(state);

  if (er)
    onwriteError(stream, state, sync, er, cb);
  else {
    // Check if we're actually ready to finish, but don't emit yet
    var finished = needFinish(stream, state);

    if (!finished &&
        !state.corked &&
        !state.bufferProcessing &&
        state.buffer.length) {
      clearBuffer(stream, state);
    }

    if (sync) {
      process.nextTick(function() {
        afterWrite(stream, state, finished, cb);
      });
    } else {
      afterWrite(stream, state, finished, cb);
    }
  }
}

function afterWrite(stream, state, finished, cb) {
  if (!finished)
    onwriteDrain(stream, state);
  state.pendingcb--;
  cb();
  finishMaybe(stream, state);
}

// Must force callback to be called on nextTick, so that we don't
// emit 'drain' before the write() consumer gets the 'false' return
// value, and has a chance to attach a 'drain' listener.
function onwriteDrain(stream, state) {
  if (state.length === 0 && state.needDrain) {
    state.needDrain = false;
    stream.emit('drain');
  }
}


// if there's something in the buffer waiting, then process it
function clearBuffer(stream, state) {
  state.bufferProcessing = true;

  if (stream._writev && state.buffer.length > 1) {
    // Fast case, write everything using _writev()
    var cbs = [];
    for (var c = 0; c < state.buffer.length; c++)
      cbs.push(state.buffer[c].callback);

    // count the one we are adding, as well.
    // TODO(isaacs) clean this up
    state.pendingcb++;
    doWrite(stream, state, true, state.length, state.buffer, '', function(err) {
      for (var i = 0; i < cbs.length; i++) {
        state.pendingcb--;
        cbs[i](err);
      }
    });

    // Clear buffer
    state.buffer = [];
  } else {
    // Slow case, write chunks one-by-one
    for (var c = 0; c < state.buffer.length; c++) {
      var entry = state.buffer[c];
      var chunk = entry.chunk;
      var encoding = entry.encoding;
      var cb = entry.callback;
      var len = state.objectMode ? 1 : chunk.length;

      doWrite(stream, state, false, len, chunk, encoding, cb);

      // if we didn't call the onwrite immediately, then
      // it means that we need to wait until it does.
      // also, that means that the chunk and cb are currently
      // being processed, so move the buffer counter past them.
      if (state.writing) {
        c++;
        break;
      }
    }

    if (c < state.buffer.length)
      state.buffer = state.buffer.slice(c);
    else
      state.buffer.length = 0;
  }

  state.bufferProcessing = false;
}

Writable.prototype._write = function(chunk, encoding, cb) {
  cb(new Error('not implemented'));

};

Writable.prototype._writev = null;

Writable.prototype.end = function(chunk, encoding, cb) {
  var state = this._writableState;

  if (util.isFunction(chunk)) {
    cb = chunk;
    chunk = null;
    encoding = null;
  } else if (util.isFunction(encoding)) {
    cb = encoding;
    encoding = null;
  }

  if (!util.isNullOrUndefined(chunk))
    this.write(chunk, encoding);

  // .end() fully uncorks
  if (state.corked) {
    state.corked = 1;
    this.uncork();
  }

  // ignore unnecessary end() calls.
  if (!state.ending && !state.finished)
    endWritable(this, state, cb);
};


function needFinish(stream, state) {
  return (state.ending &&
          state.length === 0 &&
          !state.finished &&
          !state.writing);
}

function prefinish(stream, state) {
  if (!state.prefinished) {
    state.prefinished = true;
    stream.emit('prefinish');
  }
}

function finishMaybe(stream, state) {
  var need = needFinish(stream, state);
  if (need) {
    if (state.pendingcb === 0) {
      prefinish(stream, state);
      state.finished = true;
      stream.emit('finish');
    } else
      prefinish(stream, state);
  }
  return need;
}

function endWritable(stream, state, cb) {
  state.ending = true;
  finishMaybe(stream, state);
  if (cb) {
    if (state.finished)
      process.nextTick(cb);
    else
      stream.once('finish', cb);
  }
  state.ended = true;
}

}).call(this,require('_process'))
},{"./_stream_duplex":90,"_process":84,"buffer":79,"core-util-is":95,"inherits":87,"stream":85}],95:[function(require,module,exports){
(function (Buffer){
// Copyright Joyent, Inc. and other Node contributors.
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
// copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
// "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
// without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
// distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit
// persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the
// following conditions:
//
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
// in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
//
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
// OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
// MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN
// NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM,
// DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR
// OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE
// USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

// NOTE: These type checking functions intentionally don't use `instanceof`
// because it is fragile and can be easily faked with `Object.create()`.
function isArray(ar) {
  return Array.isArray(ar);
}
exports.isArray = isArray;

function isBoolean(arg) {
  return typeof arg === 'boolean';
}
exports.isBoolean = isBoolean;

function isNull(arg) {
  return arg === null;
}
exports.isNull = isNull;

function isNullOrUndefined(arg) {
  return arg == null;
}
exports.isNullOrUndefined = isNullOrUndefined;

function isNumber(arg) {
  return typeof arg === 'number';
}
exports.isNumber = isNumber;

function isString(arg) {
  return typeof arg === 'string';
}
exports.isString = isString;

function isSymbol(arg) {
  return typeof arg === 'symbol';
}
exports.isSymbol = isSymbol;

function isUndefined(arg) {
  return arg === void 0;
}
exports.isUndefined = isUndefined;

function isRegExp(re) {
  return isObject(re) && objectToString(re) === '[object RegExp]';
}
exports.isRegExp = isRegExp;

function isObject(arg) {
  return typeof arg === 'object' && arg !== null;
}
exports.isObject = isObject;

function isDate(d) {
  return isObject(d) && objectToString(d) === '[object Date]';
}
exports.isDate = isDate;

function isError(e) {
  return isObject(e) &&
      (objectToString(e) === '[object Error]' || e instanceof Error);
}
exports.isError = isError;

function isFunction(arg) {
  return typeof arg === 'function';
}
exports.isFunction = isFunction;

function isPrimitive(arg) {
  return arg === null ||
         typeof arg === 'boolean' ||
         typeof arg === 'number' ||
         typeof arg === 'string' ||
         typeof arg === 'symbol' ||  // ES6 symbol
         typeof arg === 'undefined';
}
exports.isPrimitive = isPrimitive;

function isBuffer(arg) {
  return Buffer.isBuffer(arg);
}
exports.isBuffer = isBuffer;

function objectToString(o) {
  return Object.prototype.toString.call(o);
}
}).call(this,require("buffer").Buffer)
},{"buffer":79}],96:[function(require,module,exports){
module.exports = Array.isArray || function (arr) {
  return Object.prototype.toString.call(arr) == '[object Array]';
};

},{}],97:[function(require,module,exports){
// Copyright Joyent, Inc. and other Node contributors.
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
// copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
// "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
// without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
// distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit
// persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the
// following conditions:
//
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
// in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
//
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
// OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
// MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN
// NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM,
// DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR
// OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE
// USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

var Buffer = require('buffer').Buffer;

var isBufferEncoding = Buffer.isEncoding
  || function(encoding) {
       switch (encoding && encoding.toLowerCase()) {
         case 'hex': case 'utf8': case 'utf-8': case 'ascii': case 'binary': case 'base64': case 'ucs2': case 'ucs-2': case 'utf16le': case 'utf-16le': case 'raw': return true;
         default: return false;
       }
     }


function assertEncoding(encoding) {
  if (encoding && !isBufferEncoding(encoding)) {
    throw new Error('Unknown encoding: ' + encoding);
  }
}

// StringDecoder provides an interface for efficiently splitting a series of
// buffers into a series of JS strings without breaking apart multi-byte
// characters. CESU-8 is handled as part of the UTF-8 encoding.
//
// @TODO Handling all encodings inside a single object makes it very difficult
// to reason about this code, so it should be split up in the future.
// @TODO There should be a utf8-strict encoding that rejects invalid UTF-8 code
// points as used by CESU-8.
var StringDecoder = exports.StringDecoder = function(encoding) {
  this.encoding = (encoding || 'utf8').toLowerCase().replace(/[-_]/, '');
  assertEncoding(encoding);
  switch (this.encoding) {
    case 'utf8':
      // CESU-8 represents each of Surrogate Pair by 3-bytes
      this.surrogateSize = 3;
      break;
    case 'ucs2':
    case 'utf16le':
      // UTF-16 represents each of Surrogate Pair by 2-bytes
      this.surrogateSize = 2;
      this.detectIncompleteChar = utf16DetectIncompleteChar;
      break;
    case 'base64':
      // Base-64 stores 3 bytes in 4 chars, and pads the remainder.
      this.surrogateSize = 3;
      this.detectIncompleteChar = base64DetectIncompleteChar;
      break;
    default:
      this.write = passThroughWrite;
      return;
  }

  // Enough space to store all bytes of a single character. UTF-8 needs 4
  // bytes, but CESU-8 may require up to 6 (3 bytes per surrogate).
  this.charBuffer = new Buffer(6);
  // Number of bytes received for the current incomplete multi-byte character.
  this.charReceived = 0;
  // Number of bytes expected for the current incomplete multi-byte character.
  this.charLength = 0;
};


// write decodes the given buffer and returns it as JS string that is
// guaranteed to not contain any partial multi-byte characters. Any partial
// character found at the end of the buffer is buffered up, and will be
// returned when calling write again with the remaining bytes.
//
// Note: Converting a Buffer containing an orphan surrogate to a String
// currently works, but converting a String to a Buffer (via `new Buffer`, or
// Buffer#write) will replace incomplete surrogates with the unicode
// replacement character. See https://codereview.chromium.org/121173009/ .
StringDecoder.prototype.write = function(buffer) {
  var charStr = '';
  // if our last write ended with an incomplete multibyte character
  while (this.charLength) {
    // determine how many remaining bytes this buffer has to offer for this char
    var available = (buffer.length >= this.charLength - this.charReceived) ?
        this.charLength - this.charReceived :
        buffer.length;

    // add the new bytes to the char buffer
    buffer.copy(this.charBuffer, this.charReceived, 0, available);
    this.charReceived += available;

    if (this.charReceived < this.charLength) {
      // still not enough chars in this buffer? wait for more ...
      return '';
    }

    // remove bytes belonging to the current character from the buffer
    buffer = buffer.slice(available, buffer.length);

    // get the character that was split
    charStr = this.charBuffer.slice(0, this.charLength).toString(this.encoding);

    // CESU-8: lead surrogate (D800-DBFF) is also the incomplete character
    var charCode = charStr.charCodeAt(charStr.length - 1);
    if (charCode >= 0xD800 && charCode <= 0xDBFF) {
      this.charLength += this.surrogateSize;
      charStr = '';
      continue;
    }
    this.charReceived = this.charLength = 0;

    // if there are no more bytes in this buffer, just emit our char
    if (buffer.length === 0) {
      return charStr;
    }
    break;
  }

  // determine and set charLength / charReceived
  this.detectIncompleteChar(buffer);

  var end = buffer.length;
  if (this.charLength) {
    // buffer the incomplete character bytes we got
    buffer.copy(this.charBuffer, 0, buffer.length - this.charReceived, end);
    end -= this.charReceived;
  }

  charStr += buffer.toString(this.encoding, 0, end);

  var end = charStr.length - 1;
  var charCode = charStr.charCodeAt(end);
  // CESU-8: lead surrogate (D800-DBFF) is also the incomplete character
  if (charCode >= 0xD800 && charCode <= 0xDBFF) {
    var size = this.surrogateSize;
    this.charLength += size;
    this.charReceived += size;
    this.charBuffer.copy(this.charBuffer, size, 0, size);
    buffer.copy(this.charBuffer, 0, 0, size);
    return charStr.substring(0, end);
  }

  // or just emit the charStr
  return charStr;
};

// detectIncompleteChar determines if there is an incomplete UTF-8 character at
// the end of the given buffer. If so, it sets this.charLength to the byte
// length that character, and sets this.charReceived to the number of bytes
// that are available for this character.
StringDecoder.prototype.detectIncompleteChar = function(buffer) {
  // determine how many bytes we have to check at the end of this buffer
  var i = (buffer.length >= 3) ? 3 : buffer.length;

  // Figure out if one of the last i bytes of our buffer announces an
  // incomplete char.
  for (; i > 0; i--) {
    var c = buffer[buffer.length - i];

    // See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-8#Description

    // 110XXXXX
    if (i == 1 && c >> 5 == 0x06) {
      this.charLength = 2;
      break;
    }

    // 1110XXXX
    if (i <= 2 && c >> 4 == 0x0E) {
      this.charLength = 3;
      break;
    }

    // 11110XXX
    if (i <= 3 && c >> 3 == 0x1E) {
      this.charLength = 4;
      break;
    }
  }
  this.charReceived = i;
};

StringDecoder.prototype.end = function(buffer) {
  var res = '';
  if (buffer && buffer.length)
    res = this.write(buffer);

  if (this.charReceived) {
    var cr = this.charReceived;
    var buf = this.charBuffer;
    var enc = this.encoding;
    res += buf.slice(0, cr).toString(enc);
  }

  return res;
};

function passThroughWrite(buffer) {
  return buffer.toString(this.encoding);
}

function utf16DetectIncompleteChar(buffer) {
  this.charReceived = buffer.length % 2;
  this.charLength = this.charReceived ? 2 : 0;
}

function base64DetectIncompleteChar(buffer) {
  this.charReceived = buffer.length % 3;
  this.charLength = this.charReceived ? 3 : 0;
}

},{"buffer":79}],98:[function(require,module,exports){
module.exports = require("./lib/_stream_passthrough.js")

},{"./lib/_stream_passthrough.js":91}],99:[function(require,module,exports){
exports = module.exports = require('./lib/_stream_readable.js');
exports.Stream = require('stream');
exports.Readable = exports;
exports.Writable = require('./lib/_stream_writable.js');
exports.Duplex = require('./lib/_stream_duplex.js');
exports.Transform = require('./lib/_stream_transform.js');
exports.PassThrough = require('./lib/_stream_passthrough.js');

},{"./lib/_stream_duplex.js":90,"./lib/_stream_passthrough.js":91,"./lib/_stream_readable.js":92,"./lib/_stream_transform.js":93,"./lib/_stream_writable.js":94,"stream":85}],100:[function(require,module,exports){
module.exports = require("./lib/_stream_transform.js")

},{"./lib/_stream_transform.js":93}],101:[function(require,module,exports){
module.exports = require("./lib/_stream_writable.js")

},{"./lib/_stream_writable.js":94}]},{},[1])(1)
});