import argparse import base64 import csv import datetime import json import os import random import re import sqlite3 import tempfile from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor from pathlib import Path from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple import boto3 import requests import tinyhost from tqdm import tqdm from olmocr.data.renderpdf import render_pdf_to_base64webp from olmocr.s3_utils import get_s3_bytes, parse_s3_path def parse_args(): parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Scan OLMO OCR workspace results and create visual samples") parser.add_argument("workspace", help="OLMO OCR workspace path (s3://bucket/workspace)") parser.add_argument("--pages_per_output", type=int, default=30, help="Number of pages per output file") parser.add_argument("--repeats", type=int, default=1, help="Number of output files to generate") parser.add_argument("--pdf_profile", help="AWS profile for accessing PDFs") parser.add_argument("--output_dir", default="dolma_samples", help="Directory to save output HTML files") parser.add_argument("--max_workers", type=int, default=4, help="Maximum number of worker threads") parser.add_argument( "--db_path", default="~/s2pdf_url_data/d65142df-6588-4b68-a12c-d468b3761189.csv.db", help="Path to the SQLite database containing PDF hash to URL mapping", ) parser.add_argument( "--prolific_code", required=True, help="Fixed completion code to use for all outputs", ) parser.add_argument( "--prolific_csv", default="prolific_codes.csv", help="Path to save the file with tinyhost links (one URL per line)", ) parser.add_argument( "--read_results", help="Path to a CSV file containing previously generated tinyhost links to extract annotations", ) return parser.parse_args() # Fixed prolific code is now passed in as a command line argument def obfuscate_code(code): """Gently obfuscate the Prolific code so it's not immediately visible in source.""" # Convert to base64 and reverse encoded = base64.b64encode(code.encode()).decode() return encoded[::-1] def deobfuscate_code(obfuscated_code): """Deobfuscate the code - this will be done in JavaScript.""" # Reverse and decode from base64 reversed_encoded = obfuscated_code[::-1] try: return base64.b64decode(reversed_encoded).decode() except: return "ERROR_DECODING" def parse_pdf_hash(pretty_pdf_path: str) -> Optional[str]: pattern = r"s3://ai2-s2-pdfs/([a-f0-9]{4})/([a-f0-9]+)\.pdf" match = re.match(pattern, pretty_pdf_path) if match: return match.group(1) + match.group(2) return None def get_original_url(pdf_hash: str, db_path: str) -> Optional[str]: """Look up the original URL for a PDF hash in the SQLite database.""" if not pdf_hash: return None try: sqlite_db_path = os.path.expanduser(db_path) if not os.path.exists(sqlite_db_path): print(f"SQLite database not found at {sqlite_db_path}") return None conn = sqlite3.connect(sqlite_db_path) cursor = conn.cursor() cursor.execute("SELECT uri FROM pdf_mapping WHERE pdf_hash = ?", (pdf_hash,)) result = cursor.fetchone() conn.close() if result: return result[0] return None except Exception as e: print(f"Error looking up URL for PDF hash {pdf_hash}: {e}") return None def list_result_files(s3_client, workspace_path): """List all JSON result files in the workspace results directory.""" bucket, prefix = parse_s3_path(workspace_path) results_prefix = os.path.join(prefix, "results").rstrip("/") + "/" all_files = [] paginator = s3_client.get_paginator("list_objects_v2") for page in paginator.paginate(Bucket=bucket, Prefix=results_prefix): if "Contents" in page: all_files.extend([f"s3://{bucket}/{obj['Key']}" for obj in page["Contents"] if obj["Key"].endswith(".jsonl") or obj["Key"].endswith(".json")]) # if len(all_files) > 1000: # break return all_files def get_random_pages(s3_client, result_files, count=30): """Get random pages from the result files.""" random_pages = [] # Try to collect the requested number of pages attempts = 0 max_attempts = count * 3 # Allow extra attempts to handle potential failures while len(random_pages) < count and attempts < max_attempts: attempts += 1 # Pick a random result file if not result_files: print("No result files found!") break result_file = random.choice(result_files) try: # Get the content of the file content = get_s3_bytes(s3_client, result_file) lines = content.decode("utf-8").strip().split("\n") if not lines: continue # Pick a random line (which contains a complete document) line = random.choice(lines) doc = json.loads(line) # A Dolma document has "text", "metadata", and "attributes" fields if "text" not in doc or "metadata" not in doc or "attributes" not in doc: print(f"Document in {result_file} is not a valid Dolma document") continue # Get the original PDF path from metadata pdf_path = doc["metadata"].get("Source-File") if not pdf_path: continue # Get page spans from attributes page_spans = doc["attributes"].get("pdf_page_numbers", []) if not page_spans: continue # Pick a random page span page_span = random.choice(page_spans) if len(page_span) >= 3: # Page spans are [start_pos, end_pos, page_num] page_num = page_span[2] # Extract text for this page start_pos, end_pos = page_span[0], page_span[1] page_text = doc["text"][start_pos:end_pos].strip() # Include the text snippet with the page info random_pages.append((pdf_path, page_num, page_text, result_file)) if len(random_pages) >= count: break except Exception as e: print(f"Error processing {result_file}: {e}") continue print(f"Found {len(random_pages)} random pages from Dolma documents") return random_pages def create_presigned_url(s3_client, pdf_path, expiration=3600 * 24 * 7): """Create a presigned URL for the given S3 path.""" try: bucket, key = parse_s3_path(pdf_path) url = s3_client.generate_presigned_url("get_object", Params={"Bucket": bucket, "Key": key}, ExpiresIn=expiration) return url except Exception as e: print(f"Error creating presigned URL for {pdf_path}: {e}") return None def create_html_output(random_pages, pdf_s3_client, output_path, workspace_path, db_path, prolific_code, resolution=2048): """Create an HTML file with rendered PDF pages.""" # Obfuscate the provided Prolific code obfuscated_code = obfuscate_code(prolific_code) # Get current date and time for the report current_time = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S") html_content = f""" OLMO OCR Samples

Task Overview

In this task, you will review {len(random_pages)} document pages and determine whether they contain any Personally Identifiable Information (PII). For each page, please follow the decision flow outlined in the "How to Annotate" section below.

Carefully but efficiently inspect each page and select the appropriate response. You do not need to read every word. Instead, focus on ascertaining the document's intended use and spotting information that would qualify as PII.

The entire task should take about 20-25 minutes.

How to Annotate

The current annotation will be highlighted with a blue outline and a set of response buttons will be displayed directly below the page preview. If you are having trouble viewing the displayed page, click the “View Cached PDF” link for a better look. However, DO NOT examine the entire document; ONLY review the single page being previewed (also indicated in the parentheses after “Viewed Cached PDF”).

For each page, complete the following steps:

  1. Determine if the document is intended for public release.

    Inspect the page and answer: "Is this document intended for public release or dissemination?"

    • Yes - If the document appears to be a publication, research paper, public information, etc.
    • No - If the document appears to be private, personal, or not intended for public release
    • Cannot Read - If you are unable to read the page (e.g., foreign language, no text, etc.)
    • Report Content - If the content is inappropriate or disturbing

    If you selected "Yes," "Cannot Read," or "Report Content," you will automatically move to the next document. If you selected "No," proceed to Step 2.

  2. Identify the kind of PII found in the private document (if any).

    You will be shown a checklist with a set of PII options.

    • Refer to the "How to Identify PII" section below and mark all options that apply.
    • If you select "Other," describe the kind of other PII in the expanded text box.

  3. Press the blue Continue button to complete your annotation.

    You will automatically be moved to the next annotation.

Note: If you cannot confidently tell that a page is private, treat it as public and do not mark any PII you are unsure about. We anticipate very few private pages or instances of PII in these documents, so erring towards public and no PII minimizes false positives and keeps the review process consistent.

You may review and edit your previous annotations at any time. To do so, press the green Edit button directly above the page preview for the annotation you want to edit.

After completing all {len(random_pages)} document pages, you will receive a Prolific completion code.

How to Identify PII

Identifiers for PII

Some personal information needs to be accompanied by an identifier to be considered PII. Identifiers that trigger PII include:

Note that the reverse is also true - an identifier must be accompanied by additional personal information or another identifier (e.g., name + email address) to be considered PII.


PII that must co-occur with an Identifier

The following types of information should only be marked as PII if they occur alongside an identifier (commonly, a person's name):

For example, a street address might be personal information, but is not PII by itself; however, a street address associated with a name is regulated PII.


PII that occurs even without an Identifier

Certain types of sensitive information should always be classified as PII because the information is inherently self-identifying. The following should always be marked as PII even if they do not occur alongside an identifier:

Generated On

{current_time}

Workspace

{workspace_path}

Sample Size

{len(random_pages)} pages

""" for i, (pdf_path, page_num, page_text, result_file) in enumerate(tqdm(random_pages, desc="Rendering pages")): # Get original URL from PDF hash pdf_hash = parse_pdf_hash(pdf_path) _original_url = get_original_url(pdf_hash, db_path) if pdf_hash else None # Create a truncated path for display display_path = pdf_path if len(display_path) > 60: display_path = "..." + display_path[-57:] # Generate presigned URL presigned_url = create_presigned_url(pdf_s3_client, pdf_path) try: # Download PDF to temp file bucket, key = parse_s3_path(pdf_path) with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".pdf", delete=False) as temp_file: pdf_data = pdf_s3_client.get_object(Bucket=bucket, Key=key)["Body"].read() temp_file.write(pdf_data) temp_file_path = temp_file.name # Render PDF to base64 webp base64_image = render_pdf_to_base64webp(temp_file_path, page_num, resolution) # Add CSS class for the first annotation interface to be active by default active_class = " active" if i == 0 else "" # Add to HTML with the annotation interface html_content += f"""

{f'View Cached PDF (page {page_num})' if presigned_url else pdf_path}

Status: Pending

PDF Page {page_num}

Is this document meant for public dissemination? (ex. news article, research paper, etc.)

""" # Clean up temp file os.unlink(temp_file_path) except Exception as e: # Add CSS class for the first annotation interface to be active by default active_class = " active" if i == 0 else "" html_content += f"""

{f'View Cached PDF (page {page_num})' if presigned_url else pdf_path}

Status: Pending

Error: {str(e)}

Is this document intended for public release or dissemination?

""" html_content += ( """
Thank you! All annotations are complete.
Your Prolific completion code is: Loading...
""" ) with open(output_path, "w") as f: f.write(html_content) print(f"Created HTML output at {output_path}") def generate_sample_set(args, i, s3_client, pdf_s3_client, result_files): """Generate a single sample set.""" output_filename = Path(args.output_dir) / f"dolma_samples_{i+1}.html" print(f"\nGenerating sample set {i+1} of {args.repeats}") # Get random pages random_pages = get_random_pages(s3_client, result_files, args.pages_per_output) # Use the fixed prolific code from command line arguments prolific_code = args.prolific_code # Create HTML output with the Prolific code create_html_output(random_pages, pdf_s3_client, output_filename, args.workspace, args.db_path, prolific_code) return output_filename def extract_datastore_url(html_content: str) -> Optional[str]: """Extract the presigned datastore URL from HTML content.""" match = re.search(r'const\s+presignedGetUrl\s*=\s*"([^"]+)"', html_content) if match: return match.group(1) return None def extract_page_number_from_html(html_content: str, page_id: str) -> Optional[int]: """Extract PDF page number from HTML content for a specific page_id. This is a fallback mechanism for older versions of the annotation page that didn't store the page number in a data attribute. """ # Try to find the page number in the "View Cached PDF (page X)" text # Look for section with this page_id page_section_pattern = '
]*data-index="([^"]*)"[^>]*>.*?
.*?]*>View Cached PDF \\(page ([0-9]+)\\)' matches = re.finditer(page_section_pattern, html_content, re.DOTALL) for match in matches: container_index = match.group(1) pdf_page_from_url = match.group(2) pdf_page_from_text = match.group(3) # Check if this container index matches our page_id (page-X) if f"page-{container_index}" == page_id: # Both numbers should be the same, but prefer the one from the URL fragment try: return int(pdf_page_from_url) except (ValueError, TypeError): try: return int(pdf_page_from_text) except (ValueError, TypeError): pass return None def fetch_annotations(tinyhost_link: str) -> Tuple[Dict[str, Any], str, str]: """Fetch and parse annotations from a tinyhost link.""" # Request the HTML content print(f"Fetching annotations from {tinyhost_link}") response = requests.get(tinyhost_link) response.raise_for_status() html_content = response.text # Extract the datastore URL datastore_url = extract_datastore_url(html_content) if not datastore_url: print(f"Could not find datastore URL in {tinyhost_link}") return {}, tinyhost_link, html_content # Fetch the datastore content print(f"Found datastore URL: {datastore_url}") try: datastore_response = requests.get(datastore_url) datastore_response.raise_for_status() annotations = datastore_response.json() return annotations, tinyhost_link, html_content except Exception as e: print(f"Error fetching datastore from {datastore_url}: {e}") return {}, tinyhost_link, html_content def process_annotations(annotations_by_link: List[Tuple[Dict[str, Any], str, str]]) -> Dict[str, List[Dict[str, Any]]]: """Process and categorize annotations by feedback type.""" results = { "public_document": [], "private_document": [], "cannot_read": [], "report_content": [], "no_annotation": [], } # Process each annotation for annotations, link, html_content in annotations_by_link: # Extract Prolific PID from datastore if available prolific_pid = annotations.get("prolific_pid", None) for page_id, annotation in annotations.items(): # Skip non-page entries like prolific_pid if page_id == "prolific_pid": continue # Handle case where annotation might be a boolean or non-dict value if not isinstance(annotation, dict) or "primaryOption" not in annotation: continue primary_option = annotation["primaryOption"] pdf_path = annotation.get("pdfPath", "Unknown") # Get PDF page number from annotation data # This is the actual page number in the PDF that was annotated pdf_page = None # First try to get it from the annotation data (for new format) if annotation.get("pdfPage"): try: pdf_page = int(annotation.get("pdfPage")) except (ValueError, TypeError): pass # Fallback: try to extract page number from HTML content (for older format) if pdf_page is None: pdf_page = extract_page_number_from_html(html_content, page_id) # Build a result item based on the new annotation structure if primary_option == "yes-public": # Public document - no PII info collected with new flow results["public_document"].append( { "page_id": page_id, "link": link, "pdf_path": pdf_path, "pdf_page": pdf_page, "pii_types": [], "has_pii": False, "description": "", "prolific_pid": prolific_pid, } ) elif primary_option == "no-public": # Private document with potential PII private_pii_options = annotation.get("privatePiiOptions", []) other_desc = annotation.get("otherPrivateDesc", "") if not private_pii_options: # No PII selected in a private document results["private_document"].append( { "page_id": page_id, "link": link, "pdf_path": pdf_path, "pdf_page": pdf_page, "pii_types": [], "has_pii": False, "description": "", "prolific_pid": prolific_pid, } ) else: # PII found in a private document results["private_document"].append( { "page_id": page_id, "link": link, "pdf_path": pdf_path, "pdf_page": pdf_page, "pii_types": private_pii_options, "has_pii": True, "description": other_desc if "other" in private_pii_options else "", "prolific_pid": prolific_pid, } ) elif primary_option == "cannot-read": results["cannot_read"].append({"page_id": page_id, "link": link, "pdf_path": pdf_path, "pdf_page": pdf_page, "prolific_pid": prolific_pid}) elif primary_option == "report-content": results["report_content"].append({"page_id": page_id, "link": link, "pdf_path": pdf_path, "pdf_page": pdf_page, "prolific_pid": prolific_pid}) else: results["no_annotation"].append({"page_id": page_id, "link": link, "pdf_path": pdf_path, "pdf_page": pdf_page, "prolific_pid": prolific_pid}) return results def print_annotation_report(annotation_results: Dict[str, List[Dict[str, Any]]], pdf_s3_client=None): """Print a summary report of annotations.""" total_pages = sum(len(items) for items in annotation_results.values()) print("\n" + "=" * 80) print(f"ANNOTATION REPORT - Total Pages: {total_pages}") print("=" * 80) # Count pages with PII in public documents public_with_pii = [page for page in annotation_results["public_document"] if page.get("has_pii", False)] public_without_pii = [page for page in annotation_results["public_document"] if not page.get("has_pii", False)] # Count pages with PII in private documents private_with_pii = [page for page in annotation_results["private_document"] if page.get("has_pii", False)] private_without_pii = [page for page in annotation_results["private_document"] if not page.get("has_pii", False)] # Print summary statistics print("\nSummary:") print( f" Public documents (total): {len(annotation_results['public_document'])} ({len(annotation_results['public_document'])/total_pages*100:.1f}% of all pages)" ) print(f" - With PII: {len(public_with_pii)} ({len(public_with_pii)/max(1, len(annotation_results['public_document']))*100:.1f}% of public docs)") print( f" - Without PII: {len(public_without_pii)} ({len(public_without_pii)/max(1, len(annotation_results['public_document']))*100:.1f}% of public docs)" ) print( f" Private documents (total): {len(annotation_results['private_document'])} ({len(annotation_results['private_document'])/total_pages*100:.1f}% of all pages)" ) print(f" - With PII: {len(private_with_pii)} ({len(private_with_pii)/max(1, len(annotation_results['private_document']))*100:.1f}% of private docs)") print( f" - Without PII: {len(private_without_pii)} ({len(private_without_pii)/max(1, len(annotation_results['private_document']))*100:.1f}% of private docs)" ) print(f" Unreadable pages: {len(annotation_results['cannot_read'])} ({len(annotation_results['cannot_read'])/total_pages*100:.1f}%)") print(f" Pages with reported content: {len(annotation_results['report_content'])} ({len(annotation_results['report_content'])/total_pages*100:.1f}%)") print(f" Pages without annotation: {len(annotation_results['no_annotation'])} ({len(annotation_results['no_annotation'])/total_pages*100:.1f}%)") # With the updated flow, there should be no public documents with PII flags # as we don't collect PII information for public documents anymore if public_with_pii: print("\nNote: With the current annotation flow, public documents should not have PII flags.") print(f"Found {len(public_with_pii)} public documents incorrectly marked with PII.") # Analyze PII types in private documents if private_with_pii: # Categorize the PII types for clearer reporting pii_categories = { "Identifiers": ["names", "email", "phone"], "PII requiring identifiers": ["addresses", "biographical", "location", "employment", "education", "medical"], "Always sensitive PII": ["government-id", "financial", "biometric", "login-info"], } # Dictionary to track all PII counts pii_counts_private = {} for page in private_with_pii: for pii_type in page.get("pii_types", []): pii_counts_private[pii_type] = pii_counts_private.get(pii_type, 0) + 1 # Print categorized PII counts print("\nPII Types in Private Documents:") # Print each category for category, pii_types in pii_categories.items(): print(f"\n {category}:") for pii_type in pii_types: count = pii_counts_private.get(pii_type, 0) if count > 0: print(f" - {pii_type}: {count} ({count/len(private_with_pii)*100:.1f}%)") # Print any other PII types not in our categories (like "other") other_pii = [pii_type for pii_type in pii_counts_private.keys() if not any(pii_type in types for types in pii_categories.values())] if other_pii: print("\n Other PII types:") for pii_type in other_pii: count = pii_counts_private.get(pii_type, 0) print(f" - {pii_type}: {count} ({count/len(private_with_pii)*100:.1f}%)") # With the updated flow, there should be no public documents with PII flags # so we can remove this section if public_with_pii: print("\nNote: Public documents with PII flags found in old annotation results.") print("These are from annotation sessions before the workflow change and should be disregarded.") # Print detailed report for private documents with PII if private_with_pii: print("\nDetailed Report - Private Documents with PII:") print("-" * 80) for i, item in enumerate(private_with_pii, 1): pdf_path = item["pdf_path"] page_id = item["page_id"] # Get the actual PDF page number pdf_page = item.get("pdf_page") # Generate presigned URL with PDF page number if client is available presigned_url = None if pdf_s3_client and pdf_path.startswith("s3://"): presigned_url = create_presigned_url(pdf_s3_client, pdf_path) if presigned_url and pdf_page is not None: presigned_url += f"#page={pdf_page}" print(f"{i}. PDF: {pdf_path}") print(f" Page ID: {page_id}") print(f" Link: {item['link']}#{page_id}") if presigned_url: print(f" Presigned URL: {presigned_url}") print(f" PII Types: {', '.join(item['pii_types'])}") if item.get("description"): print(f" Description: {item['description']}") if item.get("prolific_pid"): print(f" Prolific PID: {item['prolific_pid']}") print("-" * 80) print("\nReport complete.") def read_and_process_results(args): """Read and process results from a previously generated CSV file.""" try: # Read the CSV file links = [] with open(args.read_results, "r") as f: for line in f: if line.strip(): links.append(line.strip()) if not links: print(f"No tinyhost links found in {args.read_results}") return print(f"Found {len(links)} tinyhost links in {args.read_results}") # Set up PDF S3 client with profile if specified if args.pdf_profile: pdf_session = boto3.Session(profile_name=args.pdf_profile) pdf_s3_client = pdf_session.client("s3") else: pdf_s3_client = boto3.client("s3") # Fetch and process annotations annotations_by_link = [] for link in tqdm(links, desc="Fetching annotations"): try: annotations, link_url, html_content = fetch_annotations(link) annotations_by_link.append((annotations, link_url, html_content)) except Exception as e: print(f"Error processing {link}: {e}") # Process and categorize annotations annotation_results = process_annotations(annotations_by_link) # Print report with presigned URLs print_annotation_report(annotation_results, pdf_s3_client) # Save detailed report to file output_file = Path(args.output_dir) / "annotation_report.csv" print(f"\nSaving detailed report to {output_file}") with open(output_file, "w", newline="") as f: writer = csv.writer(f) writer.writerow(["Category", "PDF Path", "Page ID", "Link", "Presigned URL", "Document Type", "PII Types", "Description", "Prolific PID"]) for category, items in annotation_results.items(): for item in items: pdf_path = item["pdf_path"] # Get the actual PDF page number pdf_page = item.get("pdf_page") # Generate presigned URL with the PDF page number presigned_url = "" if pdf_path.startswith("s3://"): url = create_presigned_url(pdf_s3_client, pdf_path) if url and pdf_page is not None: presigned_url = f"{url}#page={pdf_page}" elif url: presigned_url = url if category == "public_document": doc_type = "Public" pii_types = ", ".join(item.get("pii_types", [])) description = item.get("description", "") elif category == "private_document": doc_type = "Private" pii_types = ", ".join(item.get("pii_types", [])) description = item.get("description", "") else: doc_type = "" pii_types = "" description = "" # Extract Prolific PID from the item if available prolific_pid = item.get("prolific_pid", "") writer.writerow( [ category, item["pdf_path"], item["page_id"], f"{item['link']}#{item['page_id']}", presigned_url, doc_type, pii_types, description, prolific_pid, ] ) print(f"Report saved to {output_file}") except Exception as e: print(f"Error processing results: {e}") raise def main(): args = parse_args() # Check if we're reading results from a previous run if args.read_results: read_and_process_results(args) return # Set up S3 clients s3_client = boto3.client("s3") # Set up PDF S3 client with profile if specified if args.pdf_profile: pdf_session = boto3.Session(profile_name=args.pdf_profile) pdf_s3_client = pdf_session.client("s3") else: pdf_s3_client = s3_client # Create output directory output_dir = Path(args.output_dir) output_dir.mkdir(exist_ok=True, parents=True) # List all result files print(f"Listing result files in {args.workspace}/results...") result_files = list_result_files(s3_client, args.workspace) print(f"Found {len(result_files)} result files") # Use ThreadPoolExecutor to parallelize the generation of sample sets output_files = [] if args.repeats > 1: print(f"Using ThreadPoolExecutor with {min(args.max_workers, args.repeats)} workers") with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=min(args.max_workers, args.repeats)) as executor: futures = [] for i in range(args.repeats): future = executor.submit(generate_sample_set, args, i, s3_client, pdf_s3_client, result_files) futures.append(future) # Wait for all futures to complete and collect results for future in futures: try: output_filename = future.result() output_files.append(output_filename) print(f"Completed generation of {output_filename}") except Exception as e: print(f"Error generating sample set: {e}") else: # If only one repeat, just run it directly output_filename = generate_sample_set(args, 0, s3_client, pdf_s3_client, result_files) output_files.append(output_filename) # Now upload each resulting file into tinyhost print("Generated all files, uploading tinyhost links now") links = [] for output_filename in output_files: link = tinyhost.tinyhost([str(output_filename)])[0] links.append(link) print(link) # Create CSV file with just the tinyhost links, one per line csv_path = args.prolific_csv print(f"Writing tinyhost links to {csv_path}") with open(csv_path, "w", newline="") as csvfile: for link in links: csvfile.write(f"{link}\n") print(f"Tinyhost links written to {csv_path}") if __name__ == "__main__": main()