playwright/docs/src/selenium-grid.md

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---
id: selenium-grid
title: "Selenium Grid"
---
Playwright can connect to [Selenium Grid Hub](https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/grid/) that runs **Selenium 4** to launch **Chrome** browser, instead of running browser on the local machine. To enable this mode, set `SELENIUM_REMOTE_URL` environment variable pointing to your Selenium Grid Hub.
```bash js
# Playwright Test
SELENIUM_REMOTE_URL=http://internal.grid:4444/wd/hub npx playwright test
# Playwright Library
SELENIUM_REMOTE_URL=http://internal.grid:4444/wd/hub node script.js
```
```bash python
# With Pytest
SELENIUM_REMOTE_URL=http://internal.grid:4444/wd/hub pytest --browser chromium
# Plain Python
SELENIUM_REMOTE_URL=http://internal.grid:4444/wd/hub python script.py
```
```bash java
SELENIUM_REMOTE_URL=http://internal.grid:4444/wd/hub mvn test
```
```bash csharp
SELENIUM_REMOTE_URL=http://internal.grid:4444/wd/hub dotnet test
```
You don't have to change your code, just use [`method: BrowserType.launch`] as usual.
When using Selenium Grid Hub, you can [skip browser downloads](./browsers.md#skip-browser-downloads).
If your grid requires additional capabilities to be set (for example, you use an external service), you can use `SELENIUM_REMOTE_CAPABILITIES` environment variable to provide JSON-serialized capabilities.
```bash js
# Playwright Test
SELENIUM_REMOTE_URL=http://internal.grid:4444/wd/hub SELENIUM_REMOTE_CAPABILITIES="{'mygrid:options':{os:'windows',username:'John',password:'secure'}}" npx playwright test
# Playwright Library
SELENIUM_REMOTE_URL=http://internal.grid:4444/wd/hub SELENIUM_REMOTE_CAPABILITIES="{'mygrid:options':{os:'windows',username:'John',password:'secure'}}" node script.js
```
```bash python
# With Pytest
SELENIUM_REMOTE_URL=http://internal.grid:4444/wd/hub SELENIUM_REMOTE_CAPABILITIES="{'mygrid:options':{os:'windows',username:'John',password:'secure'}}" pytest --browser chromium
# Plain Python
SELENIUM_REMOTE_URL=http://internal.grid:4444/wd/hub SELENIUM_REMOTE_CAPABILITIES="{'mygrid:options':{os:'windows',username:'John',password:'secure'}}" python script.py
```
```bash java
SELENIUM_REMOTE_URL=http://internal.grid:4444/wd/hub SELENIUM_REMOTE_CAPABILITIES="{'mygrid:options':{os:'windows',username:'John',password:'secure'}}" mvn test
```
```bash csharp
SELENIUM_REMOTE_URL=http://internal.grid:4444/wd/hub SELENIUM_REMOTE_CAPABILITIES="{'mygrid:options':{os:'windows',username:'John',password:'secure'}}" dotnet test
```
:::note
Internally, Playwright connects to the browser using [Chrome DevTools Protocol](https://chromedevtools.github.io/devtools-protocol/) websocket. Selenium 4 hub exposes this capability.
Selenium 3 is supported in a best-effort manner. Grid nodes must be directly accessible from the machine that runs Playwright.
:::