diff --git a/packages/playwright-core/src/server/chromium/crPage.ts b/packages/playwright-core/src/server/chromium/crPage.ts
index 47de15ba00..f4bef720dc 100644
--- a/packages/playwright-core/src/server/chromium/crPage.ts
+++ b/packages/playwright-core/src/server/chromium/crPage.ts
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ export class CRPage implements PageDelegate {
       const features = opener._nextWindowOpenPopupFeatures.shift() || [];
       const viewportSize = helper.getViewportSizeFromWindowFeatures(features);
       if (viewportSize)
-        this._page._state.emulatedSize = { viewport: viewportSize, screen: viewportSize };
+        this._page._emulatedSize = { viewport: viewportSize, screen: viewportSize };
     }
     // Note: it is important to call |reportAsNew| before resolving pageOrError promise,
     // so that anyone who awaits pageOrError got a ready and reported page.
@@ -199,8 +199,7 @@ export class CRPage implements PageDelegate {
     await this._forAllFrameSessions(frame => frame._updateHttpCredentials(false));
   }
 
-  async setEmulatedSize(emulatedSize: types.EmulatedSize): Promise<void> {
-    assert(this._page._state.emulatedSize === emulatedSize);
+  async updateEmulatedViewportSize(): Promise<void> {
     await this._mainFrameSession._updateViewport();
   }
 
@@ -972,7 +971,7 @@ class FrameSession {
   async _updateExtraHTTPHeaders(initial: boolean): Promise<void> {
     const headers = network.mergeHeaders([
       this._crPage._browserContext._options.extraHTTPHeaders,
-      this._page._state.extraHTTPHeaders
+      this._page.extraHTTPHeaders()
     ]);
     if (!initial || headers.length)
       await this._client.send('Network.setExtraHTTPHeaders', { headers: headersArrayToObject(headers, false /* lowerCase */) });
@@ -1001,7 +1000,7 @@ class FrameSession {
       return;
     assert(this._isMainFrame());
     const options = this._crPage._browserContext._options;
-    const emulatedSize = this._page._state.emulatedSize;
+    const emulatedSize = this._page.emulatedSize();
     if (emulatedSize === null)
       return;
     const viewportSize = emulatedSize.viewport;
@@ -1059,16 +1058,17 @@ class FrameSession {
   }
 
   async _updateEmulateMedia(initial: boolean): Promise<void> {
-    const colorScheme = this._page._state.colorScheme === null ? '' : this._page._state.colorScheme;
-    const reducedMotion = this._page._state.reducedMotion === null ? '' : this._page._state.reducedMotion;
-    const forcedColors = this._page._state.forcedColors === null ? '' : this._page._state.forcedColors;
+    const emulatedMedia = this._page.emulatedMedia();
+    const colorScheme = emulatedMedia.colorScheme === null ? '' : emulatedMedia.colorScheme;
+    const reducedMotion = emulatedMedia.reducedMotion === null ? '' : emulatedMedia.reducedMotion;
+    const forcedColors = emulatedMedia.forcedColors === null ? '' : emulatedMedia.forcedColors;
     const features = [
       { name: 'prefers-color-scheme', value: colorScheme },
       { name: 'prefers-reduced-motion', value: reducedMotion },
       { name: 'forced-colors', value: forcedColors },
     ];
     // Empty string disables the override.
-    await this._client.send('Emulation.setEmulatedMedia', { media: this._page._state.mediaType || '', features });
+    await this._client.send('Emulation.setEmulatedMedia', { media: emulatedMedia.media || '', features });
   }
 
   private async _setDefaultFontFamilies(session: CRSession) {
@@ -1081,7 +1081,7 @@ class FrameSession {
   }
 
   async _updateFileChooserInterception(initial: boolean) {
-    const enabled = this._page._state.interceptFileChooser;
+    const enabled = this._page.fileChooserIntercepted();
     if (initial && !enabled)
       return;
     await this._client.send('Page.setInterceptFileChooserDialog', { enabled }).catch(e => {}); // target can be closed.
diff --git a/packages/playwright-core/src/server/firefox/ffPage.ts b/packages/playwright-core/src/server/firefox/ffPage.ts
index 4e079fe07b..a045b511fb 100644
--- a/packages/playwright-core/src/server/firefox/ffPage.ts
+++ b/packages/playwright-core/src/server/firefox/ffPage.ts
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ import * as dom from '../dom';
 import type * as frames from '../frames';
 import type { RegisteredListener } from '../../utils/eventsHelper';
 import { eventsHelper } from '../../utils/eventsHelper';
-import { assert } from '../../utils';
 import type { PageBinding, PageDelegate } from '../page';
 import { Page, Worker } from '../page';
 import type * as types from '../types';
@@ -352,17 +351,12 @@ export class FFPage implements PageDelegate {
   }
 
   async updateExtraHTTPHeaders(): Promise<void> {
-    await this._session.send('Network.setExtraHTTPHeaders', { headers: this._page._state.extraHTTPHeaders || [] });
+    await this._session.send('Network.setExtraHTTPHeaders', { headers: this._page.extraHTTPHeaders() || [] });
   }
 
-  async setEmulatedSize(emulatedSize: types.EmulatedSize): Promise<void> {
-    assert(this._page._state.emulatedSize === emulatedSize);
-    await this._session.send('Page.setViewportSize', {
-      viewportSize: {
-        width: emulatedSize.viewport.width,
-        height: emulatedSize.viewport.height,
-      },
-    });
+  async updateEmulatedViewportSize(): Promise<void> {
+    const viewportSize = this._page.viewportSize();
+    await this._session.send('Page.setViewportSize', { viewportSize });
   }
 
   async bringToFront(): Promise<void> {
@@ -370,12 +364,13 @@ export class FFPage implements PageDelegate {
   }
 
   async updateEmulateMedia(): Promise<void> {
-    const colorScheme = this._page._state.colorScheme === null ? undefined : this._page._state.colorScheme;
-    const reducedMotion = this._page._state.reducedMotion === null ? undefined : this._page._state.reducedMotion;
-    const forcedColors = this._page._state.forcedColors === null ? undefined : this._page._state.forcedColors;
+    const emulatedMedia = this._page.emulatedMedia();
+    const colorScheme = emulatedMedia.colorScheme ?? undefined;
+    const reducedMotion = emulatedMedia.reducedMotion ?? undefined;
+    const forcedColors = emulatedMedia.forcedColors ?? undefined;
     await this._session.send('Page.setEmulatedMedia', {
       // Empty string means reset.
-      type: this._page._state.mediaType === null ? '' : this._page._state.mediaType,
+      type: emulatedMedia.media === null ? '' : emulatedMedia.media,
       colorScheme,
       reducedMotion,
       forcedColors,
diff --git a/packages/playwright-core/src/server/frames.ts b/packages/playwright-core/src/server/frames.ts
index a160cf973f..fba84b0e82 100644
--- a/packages/playwright-core/src/server/frames.ts
+++ b/packages/playwright-core/src/server/frames.ts
@@ -653,7 +653,7 @@ export class Frame extends SdkObject {
   private async _gotoAction(progress: Progress, url: string, options: types.GotoOptions): Promise<network.Response | null> {
     const waitUntil = verifyLifecycle('waitUntil', options.waitUntil === undefined ? 'load' : options.waitUntil);
     progress.log(`navigating to "${url}", waiting until "${waitUntil}"`);
-    const headers = this._page._state.extraHTTPHeaders || [];
+    const headers = this._page.extraHTTPHeaders() || [];
     const refererHeader = headers.find(h => h.name.toLowerCase() === 'referer');
     let referer = refererHeader ? refererHeader.value : undefined;
     if (options.referer !== undefined) {
diff --git a/packages/playwright-core/src/server/page.ts b/packages/playwright-core/src/server/page.ts
index 1124c8b28e..1a7ed2171e 100644
--- a/packages/playwright-core/src/server/page.ts
+++ b/packages/playwright-core/src/server/page.ts
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ export interface PageDelegate {
   navigateFrame(frame: frames.Frame, url: string, referrer: string | undefined): Promise<frames.GotoResult>;
 
   updateExtraHTTPHeaders(): Promise<void>;
-  setEmulatedSize(emulatedSize: types.EmulatedSize): Promise<void>;
+  updateEmulatedViewportSize(): Promise<void>;
   updateEmulateMedia(): Promise<void>;
   updateRequestInterception(): Promise<void>;
   updateFileChooserInterception(enabled: boolean): Promise<void>;
@@ -98,14 +98,13 @@ export interface PageDelegate {
   readonly cspErrorsAsynchronousForInlineScipts?: boolean;
 }
 
-type PageState = {
-  emulatedSize: { screen: types.Size, viewport: types.Size } | null;
-  mediaType: types.MediaType | null;
+type EmulatedSize = { screen: types.Size, viewport: types.Size };
+
+type EmulatedMedia = {
+  media: types.MediaType | null;
   colorScheme: types.ColorScheme | null;
   reducedMotion: types.ReducedMotion | null;
   forcedColors: types.ForcedColors | null;
-  extraHTTPHeaders: types.HeadersArray | null;
-  interceptFileChooser: boolean;
 };
 
 type ExpectScreenshotOptions = {
@@ -152,7 +151,10 @@ export class Page extends SdkObject {
   readonly touchscreen: input.Touchscreen;
   readonly _timeoutSettings: TimeoutSettings;
   readonly _delegate: PageDelegate;
-  readonly _state: PageState;
+  _emulatedSize: EmulatedSize | undefined;
+  private _extraHTTPHeaders: types.HeadersArray | undefined;
+  private _emulatedMedia: Partial<EmulatedMedia> = {};
+  private _interceptFileChooser = false;
   private readonly _pageBindings = new Map<string, PageBinding>();
   readonly initScripts: string[] = [];
   readonly _screenshotter: Screenshotter;
@@ -176,15 +178,6 @@ export class Page extends SdkObject {
     this.attribution.page = this;
     this._delegate = delegate;
     this._browserContext = browserContext;
-    this._state = {
-      emulatedSize: browserContext._options.viewport ? { viewport: browserContext._options.viewport, screen: browserContext._options.screen || browserContext._options.viewport } : null,
-      mediaType: null,
-      colorScheme: browserContext._options.colorScheme !== undefined  ? browserContext._options.colorScheme : 'light',
-      reducedMotion: browserContext._options.reducedMotion !== undefined  ? browserContext._options.reducedMotion : 'no-preference',
-      forcedColors: browserContext._options.forcedColors !== undefined  ? browserContext._options.forcedColors : 'none',
-      extraHTTPHeaders: null,
-      interceptFileChooser: false,
-    };
     this.accessibility = new accessibility.Accessibility(delegate.getAccessibilityTree.bind(delegate));
     this.keyboard = new input.Keyboard(delegate.rawKeyboard, this);
     this.mouse = new input.Mouse(delegate.rawMouse, this);
@@ -327,10 +320,14 @@ export class Page extends SdkObject {
   }
 
   setExtraHTTPHeaders(headers: types.HeadersArray) {
-    this._state.extraHTTPHeaders = headers;
+    this._extraHTTPHeaders = headers;
     return this._delegate.updateExtraHTTPHeaders();
   }
 
+  extraHTTPHeaders(): types.HeadersArray | undefined {
+    return this._extraHTTPHeaders;
+  }
+
   async _onBindingCalled(payload: string, context: dom.FrameExecutionContext) {
     if (this._disconnected || this._closedState === 'closed')
       return;
@@ -402,27 +399,44 @@ export class Page extends SdkObject {
     }), this._timeoutSettings.navigationTimeout(options));
   }
 
-  async emulateMedia(options: { media?: types.MediaType | null, colorScheme?: types.ColorScheme | null, reducedMotion?: types.ReducedMotion | null, forcedColors?: types.ForcedColors | null }) {
+  async emulateMedia(options: Partial<EmulatedMedia>) {
     if (options.media !== undefined)
-      this._state.mediaType = options.media;
+      this._emulatedMedia.media = options.media;
     if (options.colorScheme !== undefined)
-      this._state.colorScheme = options.colorScheme;
+      this._emulatedMedia.colorScheme = options.colorScheme;
     if (options.reducedMotion !== undefined)
-      this._state.reducedMotion = options.reducedMotion;
+      this._emulatedMedia.reducedMotion = options.reducedMotion;
     if (options.forcedColors !== undefined)
-      this._state.forcedColors = options.forcedColors;
+      this._emulatedMedia.forcedColors = options.forcedColors;
     await this._delegate.updateEmulateMedia();
     await this._doSlowMo();
   }
 
+  emulatedMedia(): EmulatedMedia {
+    const contextOptions = this._browserContext._options;
+    return {
+      media: this._emulatedMedia.media || null,
+      colorScheme: this._emulatedMedia.colorScheme !== undefined ? this._emulatedMedia.colorScheme : contextOptions.colorScheme ?? 'light',
+      reducedMotion: this._emulatedMedia.reducedMotion !== undefined ? this._emulatedMedia.reducedMotion : contextOptions.reducedMotion ?? 'no-preference',
+      forcedColors: this._emulatedMedia.forcedColors !== undefined ? this._emulatedMedia.forcedColors : contextOptions.forcedColors ?? 'none',
+    };
+  }
+
   async setViewportSize(viewportSize: types.Size) {
-    this._state.emulatedSize = { viewport: { ...viewportSize }, screen: { ...viewportSize } };
-    await this._delegate.setEmulatedSize(this._state.emulatedSize);
+    this._emulatedSize = { viewport: { ...viewportSize }, screen: { ...viewportSize } };
+    await this._delegate.updateEmulatedViewportSize();
     await this._doSlowMo();
   }
 
   viewportSize(): types.Size | null {
-    return this._state.emulatedSize?.viewport || null;
+    return this.emulatedSize()?.viewport || null;
+  }
+
+  emulatedSize(): EmulatedSize | null {
+    if (this._emulatedSize)
+      return this._emulatedSize;
+    const contextOptions = this._browserContext._options;
+    return contextOptions.viewport ? { viewport: contextOptions.viewport, screen: contextOptions.screen || contextOptions.viewport } : null;
   }
 
   async bringToFront(): Promise<void> {
@@ -604,10 +618,14 @@ export class Page extends SdkObject {
   }
 
   async setFileChooserIntercepted(enabled: boolean): Promise<void> {
-    this._state.interceptFileChooser = enabled;
+    this._interceptFileChooser = enabled;
     await this._delegate.updateFileChooserInterception(enabled);
   }
 
+  fileChooserIntercepted() {
+    return this._interceptFileChooser;
+  }
+
   frameNavigatedToNewDocument(frame: frames.Frame) {
     this.emit(Page.Events.InternalFrameNavigatedToNewDocument, frame);
     const url = frame.url();
diff --git a/packages/playwright-core/src/server/webkit/wkPage.ts b/packages/playwright-core/src/server/webkit/wkPage.ts
index b36578bdd6..6735792205 100644
--- a/packages/playwright-core/src/server/webkit/wkPage.ts
+++ b/packages/playwright-core/src/server/webkit/wkPage.ts
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ export class WKPage implements PageDelegate {
       const viewportSize = helper.getViewportSizeFromWindowFeatures(opener._nextWindowOpenPopupFeatures);
       opener._nextWindowOpenPopupFeatures = undefined;
       if (viewportSize)
-        this._page._state.emulatedSize = { viewport: viewportSize, screen: viewportSize };
+        this._page._emulatedSize = { viewport: viewportSize, screen: viewportSize };
     }
   }
 
@@ -194,18 +194,20 @@ export class WKPage implements PageDelegate {
     const contextOptions = this._browserContext._options;
     if (contextOptions.userAgent)
       promises.push(session.send('Page.overrideUserAgent', { value: contextOptions.userAgent }));
-    if (this._page._state.mediaType || this._page._state.colorScheme || this._page._state.reducedMotion)
-      promises.push(WKPage._setEmulateMedia(session, this._page._state.mediaType, this._page._state.colorScheme, this._page._state.reducedMotion));
+    const emulatedMedia = this._page.emulatedMedia();
+    if (emulatedMedia.media || emulatedMedia.colorScheme || emulatedMedia.reducedMotion)
+      promises.push(WKPage._setEmulateMedia(session, emulatedMedia.media, emulatedMedia.colorScheme, emulatedMedia.reducedMotion));
     const bootstrapScript = this._calculateBootstrapScript();
     if (bootstrapScript.length)
       promises.push(session.send('Page.setBootstrapScript', { source: bootstrapScript }));
     this._page.frames().map(frame => frame.evaluateExpression(bootstrapScript, false, undefined).catch(e => {}));
     if (contextOptions.bypassCSP)
       promises.push(session.send('Page.setBypassCSP', { enabled: true }));
-    if (this._page._state.emulatedSize) {
+    const emulatedSize = this._page.emulatedSize();
+    if (emulatedSize) {
       promises.push(session.send('Page.setScreenSizeOverride', {
-        width: this._page._state.emulatedSize.screen.width,
-        height: this._page._state.emulatedSize.screen.height,
+        width: emulatedSize.screen.width,
+        height: emulatedSize.screen.height,
       }));
     }
     promises.push(this.updateEmulateMedia());
@@ -217,7 +219,7 @@ export class WKPage implements PageDelegate {
       promises.push(session.send('Page.setTimeZone', { timeZone: contextOptions.timezoneId }).
           catch(e => { throw new Error(`Invalid timezone ID: ${contextOptions.timezoneId}`); }));
     }
-    if (this._page._state.interceptFileChooser)
+    if (this._page.fileChooserIntercepted())
       promises.push(session.send('Page.setInterceptFileChooserDialog', { enabled: true }));
     promises.push(session.send('Page.overrideSetting', { setting: 'DeviceOrientationEventEnabled' as any, value: contextOptions.isMobile }));
     promises.push(session.send('Page.overrideSetting', { setting: 'FullScreenEnabled' as any, value: !contextOptions.isMobile }));
@@ -658,20 +660,20 @@ export class WKPage implements PageDelegate {
     const locale = this._browserContext._options.locale;
     const headers = network.mergeHeaders([
       this._browserContext._options.extraHTTPHeaders,
-      this._page._state.extraHTTPHeaders,
+      this._page.extraHTTPHeaders(),
       locale ? network.singleHeader('Accept-Language', locale) : undefined,
     ]);
     return headers;
   }
 
   async updateEmulateMedia(): Promise<void> {
-    const colorScheme = this._page._state.colorScheme;
-    const reducedMotion = this._page._state.reducedMotion;
-    await this._forAllSessions(session => WKPage._setEmulateMedia(session, this._page._state.mediaType, colorScheme, reducedMotion));
+    const emulatedMedia = this._page.emulatedMedia();
+    const colorScheme = emulatedMedia.colorScheme;
+    const reducedMotion = emulatedMedia.reducedMotion;
+    await this._forAllSessions(session => WKPage._setEmulateMedia(session, emulatedMedia.media, colorScheme, reducedMotion));
   }
 
-  async setEmulatedSize(emulatedSize: types.EmulatedSize): Promise<void> {
-    assert(this._page._state.emulatedSize === emulatedSize);
+  async updateEmulatedViewportSize(): Promise<void> {
     await this._updateViewport();
   }
 
@@ -683,7 +685,7 @@ export class WKPage implements PageDelegate {
 
   async _updateViewport(): Promise<void> {
     const options = this._browserContext._options;
-    const deviceSize = this._page._state.emulatedSize;
+    const deviceSize = this._page.emulatedSize();
     if (deviceSize === null)
       return;
     const viewportSize = deviceSize.viewport;
@@ -725,7 +727,7 @@ export class WKPage implements PageDelegate {
   }
 
   async updateFileChooserInterception() {
-    const enabled = this._page._state.interceptFileChooser;
+    const enabled = this._page.fileChooserIntercepted();
     await this._session.send('Page.setInterceptFileChooserDialog', { enabled }).catch(e => {}); // target can be closed.
   }