---
id: network
title: "Network"
---

Playwright provides APIs to **monitor** and **modify** network traffic, both HTTP and HTTPS. Any requests that page
does, including [XHRs](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/XMLHttpRequest) and
[fetch](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Fetch_API) requests, can be tracked, modified and handled.

<!-- TOC -->

<br/>

## HTTP Authentication

```js
const context = await browser.newContext({
  httpCredentials: {
    username: 'bill',
    password: 'pa55w0rd',
  },
});
const page = await context.newPage();
await page.goto('https://example.com');
```

```java
BrowserContext context = browser.newContext(new Browser.NewContextOptions()
  .setHttpCredentials("bill", "pa55w0rd"));
Page page = context.newPage();
page.navigate("https://example.com");
```

```python async
context = await browser.new_context(
    http_credentials={"username": "bill", "password": "pa55w0rd"}
)
page = await context.new_page()
await page.goto("https://example.com")
```

```python sync
context = browser.new_context(
    http_credentials={"username": "bill", "password": "pa55w0rd"}
)
page = context.new_page()
page.goto("https://example.com")
```

### API reference
- [`method: Browser.newContext`]

## HTTP Proxy

You can configure pages to load over the HTTP(S) proxy or SOCKSv5. Proxy can be either set globally
for the entire browser, or for each browser context individually.

You can optionally specify username and password for HTTP(S) proxy, you can also specify hosts to
bypass proxy for.

Here is an example of a global proxy:

```js
const browser = await chromium.launch({
  proxy: {
    server: 'http://myproxy.com:3128',
    user: 'usr',
    password: 'pwd'
  }
});
```

```java
Browser browser = chromium.launch(new BrowserType.LaunchOptions()
  .setProxy(new Proxy("http://myproxy.com:3128")
  .setUsername('usr')
  .setPassword('pwd'));
```

```python async
browser = await chromium.launch(proxy={
  "server": "http://myproxy.com:3128",
  "user": "usr",
  "password": "pwd"
})
```

```python sync
browser = chromium.launch(proxy={
  "server": "http://myproxy.com:3128",
  "user": "usr",
  "password": "pwd"
})
```

When specifying proxy for each context individually, you need to give Playwright
a hint that proxy will be set. This is done via passing a non-empty proxy server
to the browser itself. Here is an example of a context-specific proxy:

```js
const browser = await chromium.launch({
  proxy: { server: 'per-context' }
});
const context = await browser.newContext({
  proxy: { server: 'http://myproxy.com:3128' }
})
```

```java
Browser browser = chromium.launch(new BrowserType.LaunchOptions()
  .setProxy(new Proxy("per-context"));
BrowserContext context = chromium.launch(new Browser.NewContextOptions()
  .setProxy(new Proxy("http://myproxy.com:3128"));
```

```python async
browser = await chromium.launch(proxy={"server": "per-context"})
context = await browser.new_context(proxy={"server": "http://myproxy.com:3128"})
```

```python sync
browser = chromium.launch(proxy={"server": "per-context"})
context = browser.new_context(proxy={"server": "http://myproxy.com:3128"})
```

## Network events

You can monitor all the requests and responses:

```js
const { chromium, webkit, firefox } = require('playwright');

(async () => {
  const browser = await chromium.launch();
  const page = await browser.newPage();

  // Subscribe to 'request' and 'response' events.
  page.on('request', request =>
      console.log('>>', request.method(), request.url()));
  page.on('response', response =>
      console.log('<<', response.status(), response.url()));
  await page.goto('https://example.com');

  await browser.close();
})();
```

```java
import com.microsoft.playwright.*;

public class Example {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    try (Playwright playwright = Playwright.create()) {
      BrowserType chromium = playwright.chromium();
      Browser browser = chromium.launch();
      Page page = browser.newPage();
      page.onRequest(request -> System.out.println(">> " + request.method() + " " + request.url()));
      page.onResponse(response -> System.out.println("<<" + response.status() + " " + response.url()));
      page.navigate("https://example.com");
      browser.close();
    }
  }
}
```

```python async
import asyncio
from playwright.async_api import async_playwright

async def run(playwright):
    chromium = playwright.chromium
    browser = await chromium.launch()
    page = await browser.new_page()
    # Subscribe to "request" and "response" events.
    page.on("request", lambda request: print(">>", request.method, request.url))
    page.on("response", lambda response: print("<<", response.status, response.url))
    await page.goto("https://example.com")
    await browser.close()

async def main():
    async with async_playwright() as playwright:
        await run(playwright)
asyncio.run(main())
```

```python sync
from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright

def run(playwright):
    chromium = playwright.chromium
    browser = chromium.launch()
    page = browser.new_page()
    # Subscribe to "request" and "response" events.
    page.on("request", lambda request: print(">>", request.method, request.url))
    page.on("response", lambda response: print("<<", response.status, response.url))
    page.goto("https://example.com")
    browser.close()

with sync_playwright() as playwright:
    run(playwright)
```

Or wait for a network response after the button click:

```js
// Use a glob URL pattern
const [response] = await Promise.all([
  page.waitForResponse('**/api/fetch_data'),
  page.click('button#update'),
]);
```

```java
// Use a glob URL pattern
Response response = page.waitForResponse("**/api/fetch_data", () -> {
  page.click("button#update");
});
```

```python async
# Use a glob url pattern
async with page.expect_response("**/api/fetch_data") as response_info:
    await page.click("button#update")
response = await response_info.value
```

```python sync
# Use a glob url pattern
with page.expect_response("**/api/fetch_data") as response_info:
    page.click("button#update")
response = response_info.value
```

#### Variations

```js
// Use a RegExp
const [response] = await Promise.all([
  page.waitForResponse(/\.jpeg$/),
  page.click('button#update'),
]);

// Use a predicate taking a Response object
const [response] = await Promise.all([
  page.waitForResponse(response => response.url().includes(token)),
  page.click('button#update'),
]);
```

```java
// Use a RegExp
Response response = page.waitForResponse(Pattern.compile("\\.jpeg$"), () -> {
  page.click("button#update");
});

// Use a predicate taking a Response object
Response response = page.waitForResponse(r -> r.url().contains(token), () -> {
  page.click("button#update");
});
```

```python async
# Use a regular expression
async with page.expect_response(re.compile(r"\.jpeg$")) as response_info:
    await page.click("button#update")
response = await response_info.value

# Use a predicate taking a response object
async with page.expect_response(lambda response: token in response.url) as response_info:
    await page.click("button#update")
response = await response_info.value
```

```python sync
# Use a regular expression
with page.expect_response(re.compile(r"\.jpeg$")) as response_info:
    page.click("button#update")
response = response_info.value

# Use a predicate taking a response object
with page.expect_response(lambda response: token in response.url) as response_info:
    page.click("button#update")
response = response_info.value
```

### API reference
- [Request]
- [Response]
- [`event: Page.request`]
- [`event: Page.response`]
- [`method: Page.waitForRequest`]
- [`method: Page.waitForResponse`]

<br/>

## Handle requests

```js
await page.route('**/api/fetch_data', route => route.fulfill({
  status: 200,
  body: testData,
}));
await page.goto('https://example.com');
```

```java
page.route("**/api/fetch_data", route -> route.fulfill(new Route.FulfillOptions()
  .setStatus(200)
  .setBody(testData)));
page.navigate("https://example.com");
```

```python async
await page.route(
    "**/api/fetch_data",
    lambda route: route.fulfill(status=200, body=test_data))
await page.goto("https://example.com")
```

```python sync
page.route(
    "**/api/fetch_data",
    lambda route: route.fulfill(status=200, body=test_data))
page.goto("https://example.com")
```

You can mock API endpoints via handling the network quests in your Playwright script.

#### Variations

```js
// Set up route on the entire browser context.
// It will apply to popup windows and opened links.

await browserContext.route('**/api/login', route => route.fulfill({
  status: 200,
  body: 'accept',
}));
await page.goto('https://example.com');
```

```java
browserContext.route("**/api/login", route -> route.fulfill(new Route.FulfillOptions()
  .setStatus(200)
  .setBody("accept")));
page.navigate("https://example.com");
```

```python async
# Set up route on the entire browser context.
# It will apply to popup windows and opened links.
await context.route(
    "**/api/login",
    lambda route: route.fulfill(status=200, body="accept"))
await page.goto("https://example.com")
```

```python sync
# Set up route on the entire browser context.
# It will apply to popup windows and opened links.
context.route(
    "**/api/login",
    lambda route: route.fulfill(status=200, body="accept"))
page.goto("https://example.com")
```

### API reference
- [`method: BrowserContext.route`]
- [`method: BrowserContext.unroute`]
- [`method: Page.route`]
- [`method: Page.unroute`]
- [Route]

<br/>

## Modify requests

```js
// Delete header
await page.route('**/*', route => {
  const headers = route.request().headers();
  delete headers['X-Secret'];
  route.continue({headers});
});

// Continue requests as POST.
await page.route('**/*', route => route.continue({method: 'POST'}));
```

```java
// Delete header
page.route("**/*", route -> {
  Map<String, String> headers = new HashMap<>(route.request().headers());
  headers.remove("X-Secret");
    route.resume(new Route.ResumeOptions().setHeaders(headers));
});

// Continue requests as POST.
page.route("**/*", route -> route.resume(new Route.ResumeOptions().setMethod("POST")));
```

```python async
# Delete header
async def handle_route(route):
    headers = route.request.headers
    del headers["x-secret"]
    route.continue_(headers=headers)
await page.route("**/*", handle_route)

# Continue requests as POST.
await page.route("**/*", lambda route: route.continue_(method="POST"))
```

```python sync
# Delete header
def handle_route(route):
    headers = route.request.headers
    del headers["x-secret"]
    route.continue_(headers=headers)
page.route("**/*", handle_route)

# Continue requests as POST.
page.route("**/*", lambda route: route.continue_(method="POST"))
```

You can continue requests with modifications. Example above removes an HTTP header from the outgoing requests.

## Abort requests

```js
await page.route('**/*.{png,jpg,jpeg}', route => route.abort());

// Abort based on the request type
await page.route('**/*', route => {
  return route.request().resourceType() === 'image' ?
      route.abort() : route.continue();
});
```

```java
page.route("**/*.{png,jpg,jpeg}", route -> route.abort());

// Abort based on the request type
page.route("**/*", route -> {
  if ("image".equals(route.request().resourceType()))
    route.abort();
  else
    route.resume();
});
```

```python async
await page.route("**/*.{png,jpg,jpeg}", lambda route: route.abort())

# Abort based on the request type
await page.route("**/*", lambda route: route.abort() if route.request.resource_type == "image"  else route.continue_())
```

```python sync
page.route("**/*.{png,jpg,jpeg}", lambda route: route.abort())

# Abort based on the request type
page.route("**/*", lambda route: route.abort() if route.request.resource_type == "image"  else route.continue_())
```

### API reference
- [`method: Page.route`]
- [`method: BrowserContext.route`]
- [`method: Route.abort`]

<br/>

## WebSockets

Playwright supports [WebSockets](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/WebSockets_API) inspection out of the
box. Every time WebSocket is created, [`event: Page.webSocket`] event is fired. This event contains the [WebSocket]
instance for further web socket frames inspection:

```js
page.on('websocket', ws => {
  console.log(`WebSocket opened: ${ws.url()}>`);
  ws.on('framesent', event => console.log(event.payload));
  ws.on('framereceived', event => console.log(event.payload));
  ws.on('close', () => console.log('WebSocket closed'));
});
```

```java
page.onWebSocket(ws -> {
  log("WebSocket opened: " + ws.url());
  ws.onFrameSent(frameData -> log(frameData.text()));
  ws.onFrameReceived(frameData -> log(frameData.text()));
  ws.onClose(ws1 -> log("WebSocket closed"));
});
```

```python
def on_web_socket(ws):
    print(f"WebSocket opened: {ws.url}")
    ws.on("framesent", lambda payload: print(payload))
    ws.on("framereceived", lambda payload: print(payload))
    ws.on("close", lambda payload: print("WebSocket closed"))

page.on("websocket", on_web_socket)
```

### API reference
- [WebSocket]
- [`event: Page.webSocket`]
- [`event: WebSocket.frameSent`]
- [`event: WebSocket.frameReceived`]
- [`event: WebSocket.close`]

<br/>