# class: Frame
* since: v1.8

At every point of time, page exposes its current frame tree via the [`method: Page.mainFrame`] and
[`method: Frame.childFrames`] methods.

[Frame] object's lifecycle is controlled by three events, dispatched on the page object:
* [`event: Page.frameAttached`] - fired when the frame gets attached to the page. A Frame can be attached to the page
  only once.
* [`event: Page.frameNavigated`] - fired when the frame commits navigation to a different URL.
* [`event: Page.frameDetached`] - fired when the frame gets detached from the page.  A Frame can be detached from the
  page only once.

An example of dumping frame tree:

```js
const { firefox } = require('playwright');  // Or 'chromium' or 'webkit'.

(async () => {
  const browser = await firefox.launch();
  const page = await browser.newPage();
  await page.goto('https://www.google.com/chrome/browser/canary.html');
  dumpFrameTree(page.mainFrame(), '');
  await browser.close();

  function dumpFrameTree(frame, indent) {
    console.log(indent + frame.url());
    for (const child of frame.childFrames()) {
      dumpFrameTree(child, indent + '  ');
    }
  }
})();
```

```java
import com.microsoft.playwright.*;

public class Example {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    try (Playwright playwright = Playwright.create()) {
      BrowserType firefox = playwright.firefox();
      Browser browser = firefox.launch();
      Page page = browser.newPage();
      page.navigate("https://www.google.com/chrome/browser/canary.html");
      dumpFrameTree(page.mainFrame(), "");
      browser.close();
    }
  }
  static void dumpFrameTree(Frame frame, String indent) {
    System.out.println(indent + frame.url());
    for (Frame child : frame.childFrames()) {
      dumpFrameTree(child, indent + "  ");
    }
  }
}
```

```python async
import asyncio
from playwright.async_api import async_playwright

async def run(playwright):
    firefox = playwright.firefox
    browser = await firefox.launch()
    page = await browser.new_page()
    await page.goto("https://www.theverge.com")
    dump_frame_tree(page.main_frame, "")
    await browser.close()

def dump_frame_tree(frame, indent):
    print(indent + frame.name + '@' + frame.url)
    for child in frame.child_frames:
        dump_frame_tree(child, indent + "    ")

async def main():
    async with async_playwright() as playwright:
        await run(playwright)
asyncio.run(main())
```

```python sync
from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright

def run(playwright):
    firefox = playwright.firefox
    browser = firefox.launch()
    page = browser.new_page()
    page.goto("https://www.theverge.com")
    dump_frame_tree(page.main_frame, "")
    browser.close()

def dump_frame_tree(frame, indent):
    print(indent + frame.name + '@' + frame.url)
    for child in frame.child_frames:
        dump_frame_tree(child, indent + "    ")

with sync_playwright() as playwright:
    run(playwright)
```

```csharp
using Microsoft.Playwright;
using System;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

class FrameExamples
{
    public static async Task Main()
    {
        using var playwright = await Playwright.CreateAsync();
        await using var browser = await playwright.Firefox.LaunchAsync();
        var page = await browser.NewPageAsync();

        await page.GotoAsync("https://www.bing.com");
        DumpFrameTree(page.MainFrame, string.Empty);
    }

    private static void DumpFrameTree(IFrame frame, string indent)
    {
        Console.WriteLine($"{indent}{frame.Url}");
        foreach (var child in frame.ChildFrames)
            DumpFrameTree(child, indent + " ");
    }
}
```

## async method: Frame.addScriptTag
* since: v1.8
- returns: <[ElementHandle]>

Returns the added tag when the script's onload fires or when the script content was injected into frame.

Adds a `<script>` tag into the page with the desired url or content.

### option: Frame.addScriptTag.url
* since: v1.8
- `url` <[string]>

URL of a script to be added.

### option: Frame.addScriptTag.path
* since: v1.8
- `path` <[path]>

Path to the JavaScript file to be injected into frame. If `path` is a relative path, then it is resolved relative to the
current working directory.

### option: Frame.addScriptTag.content
* since: v1.8
- `content` <[string]>

Raw JavaScript content to be injected into frame.

### option: Frame.addScriptTag.type
* since: v1.8
- `type` <[string]>

Script type. Use 'module' in order to load a Javascript ES6 module. See
[script](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/script) for more details.

## async method: Frame.addStyleTag
* since: v1.8
- returns: <[ElementHandle]>

Returns the added tag when the stylesheet's onload fires or when the CSS content was injected into frame.

Adds a `<link rel="stylesheet">` tag into the page with the desired url or a `<style type="text/css">` tag with the
content.

### option: Frame.addStyleTag.url
* since: v1.8
- `url` <[string]>

URL of the `<link>` tag.

### option: Frame.addStyleTag.path
* since: v1.8
- `path` <[path]>

Path to the CSS file to be injected into frame. If `path` is a relative path, then it is resolved relative to the
current working directory.

### option: Frame.addStyleTag.content
* since: v1.8
- `content` <[string]>

Raw CSS content to be injected into frame.

## async method: Frame.check
* since: v1.8
* discouraged: Use locator-based [`method: Locator.check`] instead. Read more about [locators](../locators.md).

This method checks an element matching [`param: selector`] by performing the following steps:
1. Find an element matching [`param: selector`]. If there is none, wait until a matching element is attached to
   the DOM.
1. Ensure that matched element is a checkbox or a radio input. If not, this method throws. If the element is already
   checked, this method returns immediately.
1. Wait for [actionability](../actionability.md) checks on the matched element, unless [`option: force`] option is
   set. If the element is detached during the checks, the whole action is retried.
1. Scroll the element into view if needed.
1. Use [`property: Page.mouse`] to click in the center of the element.
1. Wait for initiated navigations to either succeed or fail, unless [`option: noWaitAfter`] option is set.
1. Ensure that the element is now checked. If not, this method throws.

When all steps combined have not finished during the specified [`option: timeout`], this method throws a
[TimeoutError]. Passing zero timeout disables this.

### param: Frame.check.selector = %%-input-selector-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.check.force = %%-input-force-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.check.noWaitAfter = %%-input-no-wait-after-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.check.position = %%-input-position-%%
* since: v1.11

### option: Frame.check.strict = %%-input-strict-%%
* since: v1.14

### option: Frame.check.timeout = %%-input-timeout-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.check.timeout = %%-input-timeout-js-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.check.trial = %%-input-trial-%%
* since: v1.11

## method: Frame.childFrames
* since: v1.8
- returns: <[Array]<[Frame]>>

## async method: Frame.click
* since: v1.8
* discouraged: Use locator-based [`method: Locator.click`] instead. Read more about [locators](../locators.md).

This method clicks an element matching [`param: selector`] by performing the following steps:
1. Find an element matching [`param: selector`]. If there is none, wait until a matching element is attached to
   the DOM.
1. Wait for [actionability](../actionability.md) checks on the matched element, unless [`option: force`] option is
   set. If the element is detached during the checks, the whole action is retried.
1. Scroll the element into view if needed.
1. Use [`property: Page.mouse`] to click in the center of the element, or the specified [`option: position`].
1. Wait for initiated navigations to either succeed or fail, unless [`option: noWaitAfter`] option is set.

When all steps combined have not finished during the specified [`option: timeout`], this method throws a
[TimeoutError]. Passing zero timeout disables this.

### param: Frame.click.selector = %%-input-selector-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.click.button = %%-input-button-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.click.clickCount = %%-input-click-count-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.click.delay = %%-input-down-up-delay-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.click.force = %%-input-force-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.click.modifiers = %%-input-modifiers-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.click.noWaitAfter = %%-input-no-wait-after-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.click.position = %%-input-position-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.click.strict = %%-input-strict-%%
* since: v1.14

### option: Frame.click.timeout = %%-input-timeout-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.click.timeout = %%-input-timeout-js-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.click.trial = %%-input-trial-%%
* since: v1.11

## async method: Frame.content
* since: v1.8
- returns: <[string]>

Gets the full HTML contents of the frame, including the doctype.

## async method: Frame.dblclick
* since: v1.8
* discouraged: Use locator-based [`method: Locator.dblclick`] instead. Read more about [locators](../locators.md).
* langs:
  - alias-csharp: DblClickAsync

This method double clicks an element matching [`param: selector`] by performing the following steps:
1. Find an element matching [`param: selector`]. If there is none, wait until a matching element is attached to
   the DOM.
1. Wait for [actionability](../actionability.md) checks on the matched element, unless [`option: force`] option is
   set. If the element is detached during the checks, the whole action is retried.
1. Scroll the element into view if needed.
1. Use [`property: Page.mouse`] to double click in the center of the element, or the specified [`option: position`].
1. Wait for initiated navigations to either succeed or fail, unless [`option: noWaitAfter`] option is set. Note that
   if the first click of the `dblclick()` triggers a navigation event, this method will throw.

When all steps combined have not finished during the specified [`option: timeout`], this method throws a
[TimeoutError]. Passing zero timeout disables this.

:::note
`frame.dblclick()` dispatches two `click` events and a single `dblclick` event.
:::

### param: Frame.dblclick.selector = %%-input-selector-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.dblclick.button = %%-input-button-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.dblclick.force = %%-input-force-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.dblclick.delay = %%-input-down-up-delay-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.dblclick.modifiers = %%-input-modifiers-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.dblclick.noWaitAfter = %%-input-no-wait-after-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.dblclick.position = %%-input-position-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.dblclick.strict = %%-input-strict-%%
* since: v1.14

### option: Frame.dblclick.timeout = %%-input-timeout-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.dblclick.timeout = %%-input-timeout-js-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.dblclick.trial = %%-input-trial-%%
* since: v1.11

## async method: Frame.dispatchEvent
* since: v1.8
* discouraged: Use locator-based [`method: Locator.dispatchEvent`] instead. Read more about [locators](../locators.md).

The snippet below dispatches the `click` event on the element. Regardless of the visibility state of the element, `click`
is dispatched. This is equivalent to calling
[element.click()](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTMLElement/click).

**Usage**

```js
await frame.dispatchEvent('button#submit', 'click');
```

```java
frame.dispatchEvent("button#submit", "click");
```

```python async
await frame.dispatch_event("button#submit", "click")
```

```python sync
frame.dispatch_event("button#submit", "click")
```

```csharp
await frame.DispatchEventAsync("button#submit", "click");
```

Under the hood, it creates an instance of an event based on the given [`param: type`], initializes it with
[`param: eventInit`] properties and dispatches it on the element. Events are `composed`, `cancelable` and bubble by
default.

Since [`param: eventInit`] is event-specific, please refer to the events documentation for the lists of initial
properties:
* [DragEvent](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/DragEvent/DragEvent)
* [FocusEvent](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/FocusEvent/FocusEvent)
* [KeyboardEvent](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/KeyboardEvent/KeyboardEvent)
* [MouseEvent](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/MouseEvent/MouseEvent)
* [PointerEvent](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/PointerEvent/PointerEvent)
* [TouchEvent](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/TouchEvent/TouchEvent)
* [Event](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Event/Event)

You can also specify `JSHandle` as the property value if you want live objects to be passed into the event:

```js
// Note you can only create DataTransfer in Chromium and Firefox
const dataTransfer = await frame.evaluateHandle(() => new DataTransfer());
await frame.dispatchEvent('#source', 'dragstart', { dataTransfer });
```

```java
// Note you can only create DataTransfer in Chromium and Firefox
JSHandle dataTransfer = frame.evaluateHandle("() => new DataTransfer()");
Map<String, Object> arg = new HashMap<>();
arg.put("dataTransfer", dataTransfer);
frame.dispatchEvent("#source", "dragstart", arg);
```

```python async
# note you can only create data_transfer in chromium and firefox
data_transfer = await frame.evaluate_handle("new DataTransfer()")
await frame.dispatch_event("#source", "dragstart", { "dataTransfer": data_transfer })
```

```python sync
# note you can only create data_transfer in chromium and firefox
data_transfer = frame.evaluate_handle("new DataTransfer()")
frame.dispatch_event("#source", "dragstart", { "dataTransfer": data_transfer })
```

```csharp
// Note you can only create DataTransfer in Chromium and Firefox
var dataTransfer = await frame.EvaluateHandleAsync("() => new DataTransfer()");
await frame.DispatchEventAsync("#source", "dragstart", new { dataTransfer });
```

### param: Frame.dispatchEvent.selector = %%-input-selector-%%
* since: v1.8

### param: Frame.dispatchEvent.type
* since: v1.8
- `type` <[string]>

DOM event type: `"click"`, `"dragstart"`, etc.

### param: Frame.dispatchEvent.eventInit
* since: v1.8
- `eventInit` ?<[EvaluationArgument]>

Optional event-specific initialization properties.

### option: Frame.dispatchEvent.strict = %%-input-strict-%%
* since: v1.14

### option: Frame.dispatchEvent.timeout = %%-input-timeout-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.dispatchEvent.timeout = %%-input-timeout-js-%%
* since: v1.8

## async method: Frame.dragAndDrop
* since: v1.13

### param: Frame.dragAndDrop.source = %%-input-source-%%
* since: v1.13

### param: Frame.dragAndDrop.target = %%-input-target-%%
* since: v1.13

### option: Frame.dragAndDrop.force = %%-input-force-%%
* since: v1.13

### option: Frame.dragAndDrop.noWaitAfter = %%-input-no-wait-after-%%
* since: v1.13

### option: Frame.dragAndDrop.strict = %%-input-strict-%%
* since: v1.14

### option: Frame.dragAndDrop.timeout = %%-input-timeout-%%
* since: v1.13

### option: Frame.dragAndDrop.timeout = %%-input-timeout-js-%%
* since: v1.13

### option: Frame.dragAndDrop.trial = %%-input-trial-%%
* since: v1.13

### option: Frame.dragAndDrop.sourcePosition = %%-input-source-position-%%
* since: v1.14

### option: Frame.dragAndDrop.targetPosition = %%-input-target-position-%%
* since: v1.14

## async method: Frame.evalOnSelector
* since: v1.9
* discouraged: This method does not wait for the element to pass the actionability
  checks and therefore can lead to the flaky tests. Use [`method: Locator.evaluate`], other [Locator] helper methods or web-first assertions instead.
* langs:
  - alias-python: eval_on_selector
  - alias-js: $eval
- returns: <[Serializable]>

Returns the return value of [`param: expression`].

The method finds an element matching the specified selector within the frame and passes it as a first argument to
[`param: expression`]. If no
elements match the selector, the method throws an error.

If [`param: expression`] returns a [Promise], then [`method: Frame.evalOnSelector`] would wait for the promise to resolve and return its
value.

**Usage**

```js
const searchValue = await frame.$eval('#search', el => el.value);
const preloadHref = await frame.$eval('link[rel=preload]', el => el.href);
const html = await frame.$eval('.main-container', (e, suffix) => e.outerHTML + suffix, 'hello');
```

```java
String searchValue = (String) frame.evalOnSelector("#search", "el => el.value");
String preloadHref = (String) frame.evalOnSelector("link[rel=preload]", "el => el.href");
String html = (String) frame.evalOnSelector(".main-container", "(e, suffix) => e.outerHTML + suffix", "hello");
```

```python async
search_value = await frame.eval_on_selector("#search", "el => el.value")
preload_href = await frame.eval_on_selector("link[rel=preload]", "el => el.href")
html = await frame.eval_on_selector(".main-container", "(e, suffix) => e.outerHTML + suffix", "hello")
```

```python sync
search_value = frame.eval_on_selector("#search", "el => el.value")
preload_href = frame.eval_on_selector("link[rel=preload]", "el => el.href")
html = frame.eval_on_selector(".main-container", "(e, suffix) => e.outerHTML + suffix", "hello")
```

```csharp
var searchValue = await frame.EvalOnSelectorAsync<string>("#search", "el => el.value");
var preloadHref = await frame.EvalOnSelectorAsync<string>("link[rel=preload]", "el => el.href");
var html = await frame.EvalOnSelectorAsync(".main-container", "(e, suffix) => e.outerHTML + suffix", "hello");
```

### param: Frame.evalOnSelector.selector = %%-query-selector-%%
* since: v1.9

### param: Frame.evalOnSelector.expression = %%-evaluate-expression-%%
* since: v1.9

### param: Frame.evalOnSelector.expression = %%-js-evalonselector-pagefunction-%%
* since: v1.9

### param: Frame.evalOnSelector.arg
* since: v1.9
- `arg` ?<[EvaluationArgument]>

Optional argument to pass to [`param: expression`].

### option: Frame.evalOnSelector.strict = %%-input-strict-%%
* since: v1.14

## async method: Frame.evalOnSelectorAll
* since: v1.9
* discouraged: In most cases, [`method: Locator.evaluateAll`],
  other [Locator] helper methods and web-first assertions do a better job.
* langs:
  - alias-python: eval_on_selector_all
  - alias-js: $$eval
- returns: <[Serializable]>

Returns the return value of [`param: expression`].

The method finds all elements matching the specified selector within the frame and passes an array of matched elements
as a first argument to [`param: expression`].

If [`param: expression`] returns a [Promise], then [`method: Frame.evalOnSelectorAll`] would wait for the promise to resolve and return its
value.

**Usage**

```js
const divsCounts = await frame.$$eval('div', (divs, min) => divs.length >= min, 10);
```

```java
boolean divsCounts = (boolean) page.evalOnSelectorAll("div", "(divs, min) => divs.length >= min", 10);
```

```python async
divs_counts = await frame.eval_on_selector_all("div", "(divs, min) => divs.length >= min", 10)
```

```python sync
divs_counts = frame.eval_on_selector_all("div", "(divs, min) => divs.length >= min", 10)
```

```csharp
var divsCount = await frame.EvalOnSelectorAllAsync<bool>("div", "(divs, min) => divs.length >= min", 10);
```

### param: Frame.evalOnSelectorAll.selector = %%-query-selector-%%
* since: v1.9

### param: Frame.evalOnSelectorAll.expression = %%-evaluate-expression-%%
* since: v1.9

### param: Frame.evalOnSelectorAll.expression = %%-js-evalonselectorall-pagefunction-%%
* since: v1.9

### param: Frame.evalOnSelectorAll.arg
* since: v1.9
- `arg` ?<[EvaluationArgument]>

Optional argument to pass to [`param: expression`].

## async method: Frame.evaluate
* since: v1.8
- returns: <[Serializable]>

Returns the return value of [`param: expression`].

If the function passed to the [`method: Frame.evaluate`] returns a [Promise], then [`method: Frame.evaluate`] would wait for the promise to
resolve and return its value.

If the function passed to the [`method: Frame.evaluate`] returns a non-[Serializable] value, then
[`method: Frame.evaluate`] returns `undefined`. Playwright also supports transferring some
additional values that are not serializable by `JSON`: `-0`, `NaN`, `Infinity`, `-Infinity`.

**Usage**

```js
const result = await frame.evaluate(([x, y]) => {
  return Promise.resolve(x * y);
}, [7, 8]);
console.log(result); // prints "56"
```

```java
Object result = frame.evaluate("([x, y]) => {\n" +
  "  return Promise.resolve(x * y);\n" +
  "}", Arrays.asList(7, 8));
System.out.println(result); // prints "56"
```

```python async
result = await frame.evaluate("([x, y]) => Promise.resolve(x * y)", [7, 8])
print(result) # prints "56"
```

```python sync
result = frame.evaluate("([x, y]) => Promise.resolve(x * y)", [7, 8])
print(result) # prints "56"
```

```csharp
var result = await frame.EvaluateAsync<int>("([x, y]) => Promise.resolve(x * y)", new[] { 7, 8 });
Console.WriteLine(result);
```

A string can also be passed in instead of a function.

```js
console.log(await frame.evaluate('1 + 2')); // prints "3"
```

```java
System.out.println(frame.evaluate("1 + 2")); // prints "3"
```

```python async
print(await frame.evaluate("1 + 2")) # prints "3"
x = 10
print(await frame.evaluate(f"1 + {x}")) # prints "11"
```

```python sync
print(frame.evaluate("1 + 2")) # prints "3"
x = 10
print(frame.evaluate(f"1 + {x}")) # prints "11"
```

```csharp
Console.WriteLine(await frame.EvaluateAsync<int>("1 + 2")); // prints "3"
```

[ElementHandle] instances can be passed as an argument to the [`method: Frame.evaluate`]:

```js
const bodyHandle = await frame.evaluate('document.body');
const html = await frame.evaluate(([body, suffix]) => body.innerHTML + suffix, [bodyHandle, 'hello']);
await bodyHandle.dispose();
```

```java
ElementHandle bodyHandle = frame.evaluate("document.body");
String html = (String) frame.evaluate("([body, suffix]) => body.innerHTML + suffix", Arrays.asList(bodyHandle, "hello"));
bodyHandle.dispose();
```

```python async
body_handle = await frame.evaluate("document.body")
html = await frame.evaluate("([body, suffix]) => body.innerHTML + suffix", [body_handle, "hello"])
await body_handle.dispose()
```

```python sync
body_handle = frame.evaluate("document.body")
html = frame.evaluate("([body, suffix]) => body.innerHTML + suffix", [body_handle, "hello"])
body_handle.dispose()
```

```csharp
var bodyHandle = await frame.EvaluateAsync("document.body");
var html = await frame.EvaluateAsync<string>("([body, suffix]) => body.innerHTML + suffix", new object [] { bodyHandle, "hello" });
await bodyHandle.DisposeAsync();
```

### param: Frame.evaluate.expression = %%-evaluate-expression-%%
* since: v1.8

### param: Frame.evaluate.expression = %%-js-evaluate-pagefunction-%%
* since: v1.8

### param: Frame.evaluate.arg
* since: v1.8
- `arg` ?<[EvaluationArgument]>

Optional argument to pass to [`param: expression`].

## async method: Frame.evaluateHandle
* since: v1.8
- returns: <[JSHandle]>

Returns the return value of [`param: expression`] as a [JSHandle].

The only difference between [`method: Frame.evaluate`] and [`method: Frame.evaluateHandle`] is that
[`method: Frame.evaluateHandle`] returns [JSHandle].

If the function, passed to the [`method: Frame.evaluateHandle`], returns a [Promise], then
[`method: Frame.evaluateHandle`] would wait for the promise to resolve and return its value.

**Usage**

```js
const aWindowHandle = await frame.evaluateHandle(() => Promise.resolve(window));
aWindowHandle; // Handle for the window object.
```

```java
// Handle for the window object.
JSHandle aWindowHandle = frame.evaluateHandle("() => Promise.resolve(window)");
```

```python async
a_window_handle = await frame.evaluate_handle("Promise.resolve(window)")
a_window_handle # handle for the window object.
```

```python sync
a_window_handle = frame.evaluate_handle("Promise.resolve(window)")
a_window_handle # handle for the window object.
```

```csharp
// Handle for the window object.
var aWindowHandle = await frame.EvaluateHandleAsync("() => Promise.resolve(window)");
```

A string can also be passed in instead of a function.

```js
const aHandle = await frame.evaluateHandle('document'); // Handle for the 'document'.
```

```java
JSHandle aHandle = frame.evaluateHandle("document"); // Handle for the "document".
```

```python async
a_handle = await page.evaluate_handle("document") # handle for the "document"
```

```python sync
a_handle = page.evaluate_handle("document") # handle for the "document"
```

```csharp
var docHandle = await frame.EvaluateHandleAsync("document"); // Handle for the `document`
```

[JSHandle] instances can be passed as an argument to the [`method: Frame.evaluateHandle`]:

```js
const aHandle = await frame.evaluateHandle(() => document.body);
const resultHandle = await frame.evaluateHandle(([body, suffix]) => body.innerHTML + suffix, [aHandle, 'hello']);
console.log(await resultHandle.jsonValue());
await resultHandle.dispose();
```

```java
JSHandle aHandle = frame.evaluateHandle("() => document.body");
JSHandle resultHandle = frame.evaluateHandle("([body, suffix]) => body.innerHTML + suffix", Arrays.asList(aHandle, "hello"));
System.out.println(resultHandle.jsonValue());
resultHandle.dispose();
```

```python async
a_handle = await page.evaluate_handle("document.body")
result_handle = await page.evaluate_handle("body => body.innerHTML", a_handle)
print(await result_handle.json_value())
await result_handle.dispose()
```

```python sync
a_handle = page.evaluate_handle("document.body")
result_handle = page.evaluate_handle("body => body.innerHTML", a_handle)
print(result_handle.json_value())
result_handle.dispose()
```

```csharp
var handle = await frame.EvaluateHandleAsync("() => document.body");
var resultHandle = await frame.EvaluateHandleAsync("([body, suffix]) => body.innerHTML + suffix", new object[] { handle, "hello" });
Console.WriteLine(await resultHandle.JsonValueAsync<string>());
await resultHandle.DisposeAsync();
```

### param: Frame.evaluateHandle.expression = %%-evaluate-expression-%%
* since: v1.8

### param: Frame.evaluateHandle.expression = %%-js-evaluate-pagefunction-%%
* since: v1.8

### param: Frame.evaluateHandle.arg
* since: v1.8
- `arg` ?<[EvaluationArgument]>

Optional argument to pass to [`param: expression`].

## async method: Frame.fill
* since: v1.8
* discouraged: Use locator-based [`method: Locator.fill`] instead. Read more about [locators](../locators.md).

This method waits for an element matching [`param: selector`], waits for [actionability](../actionability.md) checks, focuses the element, fills it and triggers an `input` event after filling. Note that you can pass an empty string to clear the input field.

If the target element is not an `<input>`, `<textarea>` or `[contenteditable]` element, this method throws an error. However, if the element is inside the `<label>` element that has an associated [control](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTMLLabelElement/control), the control will be filled instead.

To send fine-grained keyboard events, use [`method: Frame.type`].

### param: Frame.fill.selector = %%-input-selector-%%
* since: v1.8

### param: Frame.fill.value
* since: v1.8
- `value` <[string]>

Value to fill for the `<input>`, `<textarea>` or `[contenteditable]` element.

### option: Frame.fill.force = %%-input-force-%%
* since: v1.13

### option: Frame.fill.noWaitAfter = %%-input-no-wait-after-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.fill.strict = %%-input-strict-%%
* since: v1.14

### option: Frame.fill.timeout = %%-input-timeout-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.fill.timeout = %%-input-timeout-js-%%
* since: v1.8

## async method: Frame.focus
* since: v1.8
* discouraged: Use locator-based [`method: Locator.focus`] instead. Read more about [locators](../locators.md).

This method fetches an element with [`param: selector`] and focuses it. If there's no element matching
[`param: selector`], the method waits until a matching element appears in the DOM.

### param: Frame.focus.selector = %%-input-selector-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.focus.strict = %%-input-strict-%%
* since: v1.14

### option: Frame.focus.timeout = %%-input-timeout-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.focus.timeout = %%-input-timeout-js-%%
* since: v1.8

## async method: Frame.frameElement
* since: v1.8
- returns: <[ElementHandle]>

Returns the `frame` or `iframe` element handle which corresponds to this frame.

This is an inverse of [`method: ElementHandle.contentFrame`]. Note that returned handle actually belongs to the parent
frame.

This method throws an error if the frame has been detached before `frameElement()` returns.

**Usage**

```js
const frameElement = await frame.frameElement();
const contentFrame = await frameElement.contentFrame();
console.log(frame === contentFrame);  // -> true
```

```java
ElementHandle frameElement = frame.frameElement();
Frame contentFrame = frameElement.contentFrame();
System.out.println(frame == contentFrame);  // -> true
```

```python async
frame_element = await frame.frame_element()
content_frame = await frame_element.content_frame()
assert frame == content_frame
```

```python sync
frame_element = frame.frame_element()
content_frame = frame_element.content_frame()
assert frame == content_frame
```

```csharp
var frameElement = await frame.FrameElementAsync();
var contentFrame = await frameElement.ContentFrameAsync();
Console.WriteLine(frame == contentFrame); // -> True
```

## method: Frame.frameLocator
* since: v1.17
- returns: <[FrameLocator]>

When working with iframes, you can create a frame locator that will enter the iframe and allow selecting elements
in that iframe.

**Usage**

Following snippet locates element with text "Submit" in the iframe with id `my-frame`, like `<iframe id="my-frame">`:

```js
const locator = frame.frameLocator('#my-iframe').getByText('Submit');
await locator.click();
```

```java
Locator locator = frame.frameLocator("#my-iframe").getByText("Submit");
locator.click();
```

```python async
locator = frame.frame_locator("#my-iframe").get_by_text("Submit")
await locator.click()
```

```python sync
locator = frame.frame_locator("#my-iframe").get_by_text("Submit")
locator.click()
```

```csharp
var locator = frame.FrameLocator("#my-iframe").GetByText("Submit");
await locator.ClickAsync();
```

### param: Frame.frameLocator.selector = %%-find-selector-%%
* since: v1.17

## async method: Frame.getAttribute
* since: v1.8
* discouraged: Use locator-based [`method: Locator.getAttribute`] instead. Read more about [locators](../locators.md).
- returns: <[null]|[string]>

Returns element attribute value.

### param: Frame.getAttribute.selector = %%-input-selector-%%
* since: v1.8

### param: Frame.getAttribute.name
* since: v1.8
- `name` <[string]>

Attribute name to get the value for.

### option: Frame.getAttribute.strict = %%-input-strict-%%
* since: v1.14

### option: Frame.getAttribute.timeout = %%-input-timeout-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.getAttribute.timeout = %%-input-timeout-js-%%
* since: v1.8

## method: Frame.getByAltText
* since: v1.27
- returns: <[Locator]>

%%-template-locator-get-by-alt-text-%%

### param: Frame.getByAltText.text = %%-locator-get-by-text-text-%%

### option: Frame.getByAltText.exact = %%-locator-get-by-text-exact-%%

## method: Frame.getByLabel
* since: v1.27
- returns: <[Locator]>

%%-template-locator-get-by-label-text-%%

### param: Frame.getByLabel.text = %%-locator-get-by-text-text-%%

### option: Frame.getByLabel.exact = %%-locator-get-by-text-exact-%%

## method: Frame.getByPlaceholder
* since: v1.27
- returns: <[Locator]>

%%-template-locator-get-by-placeholder-text-%%

### param: Frame.getByPlaceholder.text = %%-locator-get-by-text-text-%%

### option: Frame.getByPlaceholder.exact = %%-locator-get-by-text-exact-%%

## method: Frame.getByRole
* since: v1.27
- returns: <[Locator]>

%%-template-locator-get-by-role-%%

### param: Frame.getByRole.role = %%-locator-get-by-role-role-%%

### option: Frame.getByRole.-inline- = %%-locator-get-by-role-option-list-v1.27-%%
* since: v1.27

### option: Frame.getByRole.exact = %%-locator-get-by-role-option-exact-%%

## method: Frame.getByTestId
* since: v1.27
- returns: <[Locator]>

%%-template-locator-get-by-test-id-%%

### param: Frame.getByTestId.testId = %%-locator-get-by-test-id-test-id-%%
* since: v1.27

## method: Frame.getByText
* since: v1.27
- returns: <[Locator]>

%%-template-locator-get-by-text-%%

### param: Frame.getByText.text = %%-locator-get-by-text-text-%%

### option: Frame.getByText.exact = %%-locator-get-by-text-exact-%%

## method: Frame.getByTitle
* since: v1.27
- returns: <[Locator]>

%%-template-locator-get-by-title-%%

### param: Frame.getByTitle.text = %%-locator-get-by-text-text-%%

### option: Frame.getByTitle.exact = %%-locator-get-by-text-exact-%%

## async method: Frame.goto
* since: v1.8
* langs:
  - alias-java: navigate
- returns: <[null]|[Response]>

Returns the main resource response. In case of multiple redirects, the navigation will resolve with the response of the
last redirect.

The method will throw an error if:
* there's an SSL error (e.g. in case of self-signed certificates).
* target URL is invalid.
* the [`option: timeout`] is exceeded during navigation.
* the remote server does not respond or is unreachable.
* the main resource failed to load.

The method will not throw an error when any valid HTTP status code is returned by the remote server, including 404
"Not Found" and 500 "Internal Server Error".  The status code for such responses can be retrieved by calling
[`method: Response.status`].

:::note
The method either throws an error or returns a main resource response. The only exceptions are navigation to
`about:blank` or navigation to the same URL with a different hash, which would succeed and return `null`.
:::

:::note
Headless mode doesn't support navigation to a PDF document. See the
[upstream issue](https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=761295).
:::

### param: Frame.goto.url
* since: v1.8
- `url` <[string]>

URL to navigate frame to. The url should include scheme, e.g. `https://`.

### option: Frame.goto.waitUntil = %%-navigation-wait-until-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.goto.timeout = %%-navigation-timeout-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.goto.timeout = %%-navigation-timeout-js-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.goto.referer
* since: v1.8
- `referer` <[string]>

Referer header value. If provided it will take preference over the referer header value set by
[`method: Page.setExtraHTTPHeaders`].

## async method: Frame.hover
* since: v1.8
* discouraged: Use locator-based [`method: Locator.hover`] instead. Read more about [locators](../locators.md).

This method hovers over an element matching [`param: selector`] by performing the following steps:
1. Find an element matching [`param: selector`]. If there is none, wait until a matching element is attached to
   the DOM.
1. Wait for [actionability](../actionability.md) checks on the matched element, unless [`option: force`] option is
   set. If the element is detached during the checks, the whole action is retried.
1. Scroll the element into view if needed.
1. Use [`property: Page.mouse`] to hover over the center of the element, or the specified [`option: position`].
1. Wait for initiated navigations to either succeed or fail, unless `noWaitAfter` option is set.

When all steps combined have not finished during the specified [`option: timeout`], this method throws a
[TimeoutError]. Passing zero timeout disables this.

### param: Frame.hover.selector = %%-input-selector-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.hover.position = %%-input-position-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.hover.modifiers = %%-input-modifiers-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.hover.force = %%-input-force-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.hover.strict = %%-input-strict-%%
* since: v1.14

### option: Frame.hover.timeout = %%-input-timeout-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.hover.timeout = %%-input-timeout-js-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.hover.trial = %%-input-trial-%%
* since: v1.11

### option: Frame.hover.noWaitAfter = %%-input-no-wait-after-%%
* since: v1.28

## async method: Frame.innerHTML
* since: v1.8
* discouraged: Use locator-based [`method: Locator.innerHTML`] instead. Read more about [locators](../locators.md).
- returns: <[string]>

Returns `element.innerHTML`.

### param: Frame.innerHTML.selector = %%-input-selector-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.innerHTML.strict = %%-input-strict-%%
* since: v1.14

### option: Frame.innerHTML.timeout = %%-input-timeout-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.innerHTML.timeout = %%-input-timeout-js-%%
* since: v1.8

## async method: Frame.innerText
* since: v1.8
* discouraged: Use locator-based [`method: Locator.innerText`] instead. Read more about [locators](../locators.md).
- returns: <[string]>

Returns `element.innerText`.

### param: Frame.innerText.selector = %%-input-selector-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.innerText.strict = %%-input-strict-%%
* since: v1.14

### option: Frame.innerText.timeout = %%-input-timeout-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.innerText.timeout = %%-input-timeout-js-%%
* since: v1.8

## async method: Frame.inputValue
* since: v1.13
* discouraged: Use locator-based [`method: Locator.inputValue`] instead. Read more about [locators](../locators.md).
- returns: <[string]>

Returns `input.value` for the selected `<input>` or `<textarea>` or `<select>` element.

Throws for non-input elements. However, if the element is inside the `<label>` element that has an associated [control](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTMLLabelElement/control), returns the value of the control.

### param: Frame.inputValue.selector = %%-input-selector-%%
* since: v1.13

### option: Frame.inputValue.strict = %%-input-strict-%%
* since: v1.14

### option: Frame.inputValue.timeout = %%-input-timeout-%%
* since: v1.13

### option: Frame.inputValue.timeout = %%-input-timeout-js-%%
* since: v1.13

## async method: Frame.isChecked
* since: v1.8
* discouraged: Use locator-based [`method: Locator.isChecked`] instead. Read more about [locators](../locators.md).
- returns: <[boolean]>

Returns whether the element is checked. Throws if the element is not a checkbox or radio input.

### param: Frame.isChecked.selector = %%-input-selector-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.isChecked.strict = %%-input-strict-%%
* since: v1.14

### option: Frame.isChecked.timeout = %%-input-timeout-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.isChecked.timeout = %%-input-timeout-js-%%
* since: v1.8

## method: Frame.isDetached
* since: v1.8
- returns: <[boolean]>

Returns `true` if the frame has been detached, or `false` otherwise.

## async method: Frame.isDisabled
* since: v1.8
* discouraged: Use locator-based [`method: Locator.isDisabled`] instead. Read more about [locators](../locators.md).
- returns: <[boolean]>

Returns whether the element is disabled, the opposite of [enabled](../actionability.md#enabled).

### param: Frame.isDisabled.selector = %%-input-selector-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.isDisabled.strict = %%-input-strict-%%
* since: v1.14

### option: Frame.isDisabled.timeout = %%-input-timeout-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.isDisabled.timeout = %%-input-timeout-js-%%
* since: v1.8

## async method: Frame.isEditable
* since: v1.8
* discouraged: Use locator-based [`method: Locator.isEditable`] instead. Read more about [locators](../locators.md).
- returns: <[boolean]>

Returns whether the element is [editable](../actionability.md#editable).

### param: Frame.isEditable.selector = %%-input-selector-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.isEditable.strict = %%-input-strict-%%
* since: v1.14

### option: Frame.isEditable.timeout = %%-input-timeout-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.isEditable.timeout = %%-input-timeout-js-%%
* since: v1.8

## async method: Frame.isEnabled
* since: v1.8
- returns: <[boolean]>

Returns whether the element is [enabled](../actionability.md#enabled).

### param: Frame.isEnabled.selector = %%-input-selector-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.isEnabled.strict = %%-input-strict-%%
* since: v1.14

### option: Frame.isEnabled.timeout = %%-input-timeout-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.isEnabled.timeout = %%-input-timeout-js-%%
* since: v1.8

## async method: Frame.isHidden
* since: v1.8
* discouraged: Use locator-based [`method: Locator.isHidden`] instead. Read more about [locators](../locators.md).
- returns: <[boolean]>

Returns whether the element is hidden, the opposite of [visible](../actionability.md#visible).  [`option: selector`] that does not match any elements is considered hidden.

### param: Frame.isHidden.selector = %%-input-selector-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.isHidden.strict = %%-input-strict-%%
* since: v1.14

### option: Frame.isHidden.timeout
* since: v1.8
* deprecated: This option is ignored. [`method: Frame.isHidden`] does not wait for the element to become hidden and returns immediately.
- `timeout` <[float]>

## async method: Frame.isVisible
* since: v1.8
* discouraged: Use locator-based [`method: Locator.isVisible`] instead. Read more about [locators](../locators.md).
- returns: <[boolean]>

Returns whether the element is [visible](../actionability.md#visible). [`option: selector`] that does not match any elements is considered not visible.

### param: Frame.isVisible.selector = %%-input-selector-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.isVisible.strict = %%-input-strict-%%
* since: v1.14

### option: Frame.isVisible.timeout
* since: v1.8
* deprecated: This option is ignored. [`method: Frame.isVisible`] does not wait for the element to become visible and returns immediately.
- `timeout` <[float]>

## method: Frame.locator
* since: v1.14
- returns: <[Locator]>

%%-template-locator-root-locator-%%

[Learn more about locators](../locators.md).

### param: Frame.locator.selector = %%-find-selector-%%
* since: v1.14

### option: Frame.locator.-inline- = %%-locator-options-list-v1.14-%%
* since: v1.14

### option: Frame.locator.hasNot = %%-locator-option-has-not-%%
* since: v1.33

### option: Frame.locator.hasNotText = %%-locator-option-has-not-text-%%
* since: v1.33

## method: Frame.name
* since: v1.8
- returns: <[string]>

Returns frame's name attribute as specified in the tag.

If the name is empty, returns the id attribute instead.

:::note
This value is calculated once when the frame is created, and will not update if the attribute is changed later.
:::

## method: Frame.page
* since: v1.8
- returns: <[Page]>

Returns the page containing this frame.

## method: Frame.parentFrame
* since: v1.8
- returns: <[null]|[Frame]>

Parent frame, if any. Detached frames and main frames return `null`.

## async method: Frame.press
* since: v1.8
* discouraged: Use locator-based [`method: Locator.press`] instead. Read more about [locators](../locators.md).

[`param: key`] can specify the intended
[keyboardEvent.key](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/KeyboardEvent/key) value or a single character to
generate the text for. A superset of the [`param: key`] values can be found
[here](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/KeyboardEvent/key/Key_Values). Examples of the keys are:

`F1` - `F12`, `Digit0`- `Digit9`, `KeyA`- `KeyZ`, `Backquote`, `Minus`, `Equal`, `Backslash`, `Backspace`, `Tab`,
`Delete`, `Escape`, `ArrowDown`, `End`, `Enter`, `Home`, `Insert`, `PageDown`, `PageUp`, `ArrowRight`, `ArrowUp`, etc.

Following modification shortcuts are also supported: `Shift`, `Control`, `Alt`, `Meta`, `ShiftLeft`.

Holding down `Shift` will type the text that corresponds to the [`param: key`] in the upper case.

If [`param: key`] is a single character, it is case-sensitive, so the values `a` and `A` will generate different
respective texts.

Shortcuts such as `key: "Control+o"` or `key: "Control+Shift+T"` are supported as well. When specified with the
modifier, modifier is pressed and being held while the subsequent key is being pressed.

### param: Frame.press.selector = %%-input-selector-%%
* since: v1.8

### param: Frame.press.key
* since: v1.8
- `key` <[string]>

Name of the key to press or a character to generate, such as `ArrowLeft` or `a`.

### option: Frame.press.delay
* since: v1.8
- `delay` <[float]>

Time to wait between `keydown` and `keyup` in milliseconds. Defaults to 0.

### option: Frame.press.noWaitAfter = %%-input-no-wait-after-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.press.strict = %%-input-strict-%%
* since: v1.14

### option: Frame.press.timeout = %%-input-timeout-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.press.timeout = %%-input-timeout-js-%%
* since: v1.8

## async method: Frame.querySelector
* since: v1.9
* discouraged: Use locator-based [`method: Frame.locator`] instead. Read more about [locators](../locators.md).
* langs:
  - alias-python: query_selector
  - alias-js: $
- returns: <[null]|[ElementHandle]>

Returns the ElementHandle pointing to the frame element.

:::caution
The use of [ElementHandle] is discouraged, use [Locator] objects and web-first assertions instead.
:::

The method finds an element matching the specified selector within the frame. If no elements match the selector,
returns `null`.

### param: Frame.querySelector.selector = %%-query-selector-%%
* since: v1.9

### option: Frame.querySelector.strict = %%-input-strict-%%
* since: v1.14

## async method: Frame.querySelectorAll
* since: v1.9
* discouraged: Use locator-based [`method: Frame.locator`] instead. Read more about [locators](../locators.md).
* langs:
  - alias-python: query_selector_all
  - alias-js: $$
- returns: <[Array]<[ElementHandle]>>

Returns the ElementHandles pointing to the frame elements.

:::caution
The use of [ElementHandle] is discouraged, use [Locator] objects instead.
:::

The method finds all elements matching the specified selector within the frame. If no elements match the selector,
returns empty array.

### param: Frame.querySelectorAll.selector = %%-query-selector-%%
* since: v1.9

## async method: Frame.selectOption
* since: v1.8
* discouraged: Use locator-based [`method: Locator.selectOption`] instead. Read more about [locators](../locators.md).
- returns: <[Array]<[string]>>

This method waits for an element matching [`param: selector`], waits for [actionability](../actionability.md) checks, waits until all specified options are present in the `<select>` element and selects these options.

If the target element is not a `<select>` element, this method throws an error. However, if the element is inside the `<label>` element that has an associated [control](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTMLLabelElement/control), the control will be used instead.

Returns the array of option values that have been successfully selected.

Triggers a `change` and `input` event once all the provided options have been selected.

**Usage**

```js
// single selection matching the value
frame.selectOption('select#colors', 'blue');

// single selection matching both the value and the label
frame.selectOption('select#colors', { label: 'Blue' });

// multiple selection
frame.selectOption('select#colors', 'red', 'green', 'blue');
```

```java
// single selection matching the value
frame.selectOption("select#colors", "blue");
// single selection matching both the value and the label
frame.selectOption("select#colors", new SelectOption().setLabel("Blue"));
// multiple selection
frame.selectOption("select#colors", new String[] {"red", "green", "blue"});
```

```python async
# single selection matching the value
await frame.select_option("select#colors", "blue")
# single selection matching the label
await frame.select_option("select#colors", label="blue")
# multiple selection
await frame.select_option("select#colors", value=["red", "green", "blue"])
```

```python sync
# single selection matching the value
frame.select_option("select#colors", "blue")
# single selection matching both the label
frame.select_option("select#colors", label="blue")
# multiple selection
frame.select_option("select#colors", value=["red", "green", "blue"])
```

```csharp
// single selection matching the value
await frame.SelectOptionAsync("select#colors", new[] { "blue" });
// single selection matching both the value and the label
await frame.SelectOptionAsync("select#colors", new[] { new SelectOptionValue() { Label = "blue" } });
// multiple selection
await frame.SelectOptionAsync("select#colors", new[] { "red", "green", "blue" });
```

### param: Frame.selectOption.selector = %%-query-selector-%%
* since: v1.8

### param: Frame.selectOption.values = %%-select-options-values-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.selectOption.force = %%-input-force-%%
* since: v1.13

### option: Frame.selectOption.noWaitAfter = %%-input-no-wait-after-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.selectOption.strict = %%-input-strict-%%
* since: v1.14

### option: Frame.selectOption.timeout = %%-input-timeout-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.selectOption.timeout = %%-input-timeout-js-%%
* since: v1.8

### param: Frame.selectOption.element = %%-python-select-options-element-%%
* since: v1.8

### param: Frame.selectOption.index = %%-python-select-options-index-%%
* since: v1.8

### param: Frame.selectOption.value = %%-python-select-options-value-%%
* since: v1.8

### param: Frame.selectOption.label = %%-python-select-options-label-%%
* since: v1.8

## async method: Frame.setChecked
* since: v1.15
* discouraged: Use locator-based [`method: Locator.setChecked`] instead. Read more about [locators](../locators.md).

This method checks or unchecks an element matching [`param: selector`] by performing the following steps:
1. Find an element matching [`param: selector`]. If there is none, wait until a matching element is attached to
   the DOM.
1. Ensure that matched element is a checkbox or a radio input. If not, this method throws.
1. If the element already has the right checked state, this method returns immediately.
1. Wait for [actionability](../actionability.md) checks on the matched element, unless [`option: force`] option is
   set. If the element is detached during the checks, the whole action is retried.
1. Scroll the element into view if needed.
1. Use [`property: Page.mouse`] to click in the center of the element.
1. Wait for initiated navigations to either succeed or fail, unless [`option: noWaitAfter`] option is set.
1. Ensure that the element is now checked or unchecked. If not, this method throws.

When all steps combined have not finished during the specified [`option: timeout`], this method throws a
[TimeoutError]. Passing zero timeout disables this.

### param: Frame.setChecked.selector = %%-input-selector-%%
* since: v1.15

### param: Frame.setChecked.checked = %%-input-checked-%%
* since: v1.15

### option: Frame.setChecked.force = %%-input-force-%%
* since: v1.15

### option: Frame.setChecked.noWaitAfter = %%-input-no-wait-after-%%
* since: v1.15

### option: Frame.setChecked.position = %%-input-position-%%
* since: v1.15

### option: Frame.setChecked.strict = %%-input-strict-%%
* since: v1.15

### option: Frame.setChecked.timeout = %%-input-timeout-%%
* since: v1.15

### option: Frame.setChecked.timeout = %%-input-timeout-js-%%
* since: v1.15

### option: Frame.setChecked.trial = %%-input-trial-%%
* since: v1.15

## async method: Frame.setContent
* since: v1.8

### param: Frame.setContent.html
* since: v1.8
- `html` <[string]>

HTML markup to assign to the page.

### option: Frame.setContent.timeout = %%-navigation-timeout-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.setContent.timeout = %%-navigation-timeout-js-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.setContent.waitUntil = %%-navigation-wait-until-%%
* since: v1.8

## async method: Frame.setInputFiles
* since: v1.8
* discouraged: Use locator-based [`method: Locator.setInputFiles`] instead. Read more about [locators](../locators.md).

Sets the value of the file input to these file paths or files. If some of the `filePaths` are relative paths, then they
are resolved relative to the current working directory. For empty array, clears the selected files.

This method expects [`param: selector`] to point to an
[input element](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input). However, if the element is inside the `<label>` element that has an associated [control](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTMLLabelElement/control), targets the control instead.

### param: Frame.setInputFiles.selector = %%-input-selector-%%
* since: v1.8

### param: Frame.setInputFiles.files = %%-input-files-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.setInputFiles.noWaitAfter = %%-input-no-wait-after-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.setInputFiles.strict = %%-input-strict-%%
* since: v1.14

### option: Frame.setInputFiles.timeout = %%-input-timeout-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.setInputFiles.timeout = %%-input-timeout-js-%%
* since: v1.8

## async method: Frame.tap
* since: v1.8
* discouraged: Use locator-based [`method: Locator.tap`] instead. Read more about [locators](../locators.md).

This method taps an element matching [`param: selector`] by performing the following steps:
1. Find an element matching [`param: selector`]. If there is none, wait until a matching element is attached to
   the DOM.
1. Wait for [actionability](../actionability.md) checks on the matched element, unless [`option: force`] option is
   set. If the element is detached during the checks, the whole action is retried.
1. Scroll the element into view if needed.
1. Use [`property: Page.touchscreen`] to tap the center of the element, or the specified [`option: position`].
1. Wait for initiated navigations to either succeed or fail, unless [`option: noWaitAfter`] option is set.

When all steps combined have not finished during the specified [`option: timeout`], this method throws a
[TimeoutError]. Passing zero timeout disables this.

:::note
`frame.tap()` requires that the `hasTouch` option of the browser context be set to true.
:::

### param: Frame.tap.selector = %%-input-selector-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.tap.force = %%-input-force-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.tap.modifiers = %%-input-modifiers-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.tap.noWaitAfter = %%-input-no-wait-after-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.tap.position = %%-input-position-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.tap.strict = %%-input-strict-%%
* since: v1.14

### option: Frame.tap.timeout = %%-input-timeout-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.tap.timeout = %%-input-timeout-js-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.tap.trial = %%-input-trial-%%
* since: v1.11

## async method: Frame.textContent
* since: v1.8
* discouraged: Use locator-based [`method: Locator.textContent`] instead. Read more about [locators](../locators.md).
- returns: <[null]|[string]>

Returns `element.textContent`.

### param: Frame.textContent.selector = %%-input-selector-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.textContent.strict = %%-input-strict-%%
* since: v1.14

### option: Frame.textContent.timeout = %%-input-timeout-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.textContent.timeout = %%-input-timeout-js-%%
* since: v1.8

## async method: Frame.title
* since: v1.8
- returns: <[string]>

Returns the page title.

## async method: Frame.type
* since: v1.8
* discouraged: Use locator-based [`method: Locator.type`] instead. Read more about [locators](../locators.md).

Sends a `keydown`, `keypress`/`input`, and `keyup` event for each character in the text. `frame.type` can be used to
send fine-grained keyboard events. To fill values in form fields, use [`method: Frame.fill`].

To press a special key, like `Control` or `ArrowDown`, use [`method: Keyboard.press`].

**Usage**

```js
await frame.type('#mytextarea', 'Hello'); // Types instantly
await frame.type('#mytextarea', 'World', {delay: 100}); // Types slower, like a user
```

```java
// Types instantly
frame.type("#mytextarea", "Hello");
// Types slower, like a user
frame.type("#mytextarea", "World", new Frame.TypeOptions().setDelay(100));
```

```python async
await frame.type("#mytextarea", "hello") # types instantly
await frame.type("#mytextarea", "world", delay=100) # types slower, like a user
```

```python sync
frame.type("#mytextarea", "hello") # types instantly
frame.type("#mytextarea", "world", delay=100) # types slower, like a user
```

```csharp
await frame.TypeAsync("#mytextarea", "hello"); // types instantly
await frame.TypeAsync("#mytextarea", "world", new() { Delay = 100 }); // types slower, like a user
```

### param: Frame.type.selector = %%-input-selector-%%
* since: v1.8

### param: Frame.type.text
* since: v1.8
- `text` <[string]>

A text to type into a focused element.

### option: Frame.type.delay
* since: v1.8
- `delay` <[float]>

Time to wait between key presses in milliseconds. Defaults to 0.

### option: Frame.type.noWaitAfter = %%-input-no-wait-after-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.type.strict = %%-input-strict-%%
* since: v1.14

### option: Frame.type.timeout = %%-input-timeout-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.type.timeout = %%-input-timeout-js-%%
* since: v1.8

## async method: Frame.uncheck
* since: v1.8
* discouraged: Use locator-based [`method: Locator.uncheck`] instead. Read more about [locators](../locators.md).

This method checks an element matching [`param: selector`] by performing the following steps:
1. Find an element matching [`param: selector`]. If there is none, wait until a matching element is attached to
   the DOM.
1. Ensure that matched element is a checkbox or a radio input. If not, this method throws. If the element is already
   unchecked, this method returns immediately.
1. Wait for [actionability](../actionability.md) checks on the matched element, unless [`option: force`] option is
   set. If the element is detached during the checks, the whole action is retried.
1. Scroll the element into view if needed.
1. Use [`property: Page.mouse`] to click in the center of the element.
1. Wait for initiated navigations to either succeed or fail, unless [`option: noWaitAfter`] option is set.
1. Ensure that the element is now unchecked. If not, this method throws.

When all steps combined have not finished during the specified [`option: timeout`], this method throws a
[TimeoutError]. Passing zero timeout disables this.

### param: Frame.uncheck.selector = %%-input-selector-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.uncheck.force = %%-input-force-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.uncheck.noWaitAfter = %%-input-no-wait-after-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.uncheck.position = %%-input-position-%%
* since: v1.11

### option: Frame.uncheck.strict = %%-input-strict-%%
* since: v1.14

### option: Frame.uncheck.timeout = %%-input-timeout-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.uncheck.timeout = %%-input-timeout-js-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.uncheck.trial = %%-input-trial-%%
* since: v1.11

## method: Frame.url
* since: v1.8
- returns: <[string]>

Returns frame's url.

## async method: Frame.waitForFunction
* since: v1.8
- returns: <[JSHandle]>

Returns when the [`param: expression`] returns a truthy value, returns that value.

**Usage**

The [`method: Frame.waitForFunction`] can be used to observe viewport size change:

```js
const { firefox } = require('playwright');  // Or 'chromium' or 'webkit'.

(async () => {
  const browser = await firefox.launch();
  const page = await browser.newPage();
  const watchDog = page.mainFrame().waitForFunction('window.innerWidth < 100');
  page.setViewportSize({width: 50, height: 50});
  await watchDog;
  await browser.close();
})();
```

```java
import com.microsoft.playwright.*;

public class Example {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    try (Playwright playwright = Playwright.create()) {
      BrowserType firefox = playwright.firefox();
      Browser browser = firefox.launch();
      Page page = browser.newPage();
      page.setViewportSize(50, 50);
      page.mainFrame().waitForFunction("window.innerWidth < 100");
      browser.close();
    }
  }
}
```

```python async
import asyncio
from playwright.async_api import async_playwright

async def run(playwright):
    webkit = playwright.webkit
    browser = await webkit.launch()
    page = await browser.new_page()
    await page.evaluate("window.x = 0; setTimeout(() => { window.x = 100 }, 1000);")
    await page.main_frame.wait_for_function("() => window.x > 0")
    await browser.close()

async def main():
    async with async_playwright() as playwright:
        await run(playwright)
asyncio.run(main())
```

```python sync
from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright

def run(playwright):
    webkit = playwright.webkit
    browser = webkit.launch()
    page = browser.new_page()
    page.evaluate("window.x = 0; setTimeout(() => { window.x = 100 }, 1000);")
    page.main_frame.wait_for_function("() => window.x > 0")
    browser.close()

with sync_playwright() as playwright:
    run(playwright)
```

```csharp
using Microsoft.Playwright;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

class FrameExamples
{
    public static async Task Main()
    {
        using var playwright = await Playwright.CreateAsync();
        await using var browser = await playwright.Firefox.LaunchAsync();
        var page = await browser.NewPageAsync();
        await page.SetViewportSizeAsync(50, 50);
        await page.MainFrame.WaitForFunctionAsync("window.innerWidth < 100");
    }
}
```

To pass an argument to the predicate of `frame.waitForFunction` function:

```js
const selector = '.foo';
await frame.waitForFunction(selector => !!document.querySelector(selector), selector);
```

```java
String selector = ".foo";
frame.waitForFunction("selector => !!document.querySelector(selector)", selector);
```

```python async
selector = ".foo"
await frame.wait_for_function("selector => !!document.querySelector(selector)", selector)
```

```python sync
selector = ".foo"
frame.wait_for_function("selector => !!document.querySelector(selector)", selector)
```

```csharp
var selector = ".foo";
await page.MainFrame.WaitForFunctionAsync("selector => !!document.querySelector(selector)", selector);
```

### param: Frame.waitForFunction.expression = %%-evaluate-expression-%%
* since: v1.8

### param: Frame.waitForFunction.expression = %%-js-evaluate-pagefunction-%%
* since: v1.8

### param: Frame.waitForFunction.arg
* since: v1.8
- `arg` ?<[EvaluationArgument]>

Optional argument to pass to [`param: expression`].

### option: Frame.waitForFunction.polling = %%-js-python-wait-for-function-polling-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.waitForFunction.polling = %%-csharp-java-wait-for-function-polling-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.waitForFunction.timeout = %%-wait-for-function-timeout-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.waitForFunction.timeout = %%-wait-for-function-timeout-js-%%
* since: v1.8

## async method: Frame.waitForLoadState
* since: v1.8

Waits for the required load state to be reached.

This returns when the frame reaches a required load state, `load` by default. The navigation must have been committed
when this method is called. If current document has already reached the required state, resolves immediately.

**Usage**

```js
await frame.click('button'); // Click triggers navigation.
await frame.waitForLoadState(); // Waits for 'load' state by default.
```

```java
frame.click("button"); // Click triggers navigation.
frame.waitForLoadState(); // Waits for "load" state by default.
```

```python async
await frame.click("button") # click triggers navigation.
await frame.wait_for_load_state() # the promise resolves after "load" event.
```

```python sync
frame.click("button") # click triggers navigation.
frame.wait_for_load_state() # the promise resolves after "load" event.
```

```csharp
await frame.ClickAsync("button");
await frame.WaitForLoadStateAsync(); // Defaults to LoadState.Load
```

### param: Frame.waitForLoadState.state = %%-wait-for-load-state-state-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.waitForLoadState.timeout = %%-navigation-timeout-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.waitForLoadState.timeout = %%-navigation-timeout-js-%%
* since: v1.8

## async method: Frame.waitForNavigation
* since: v1.8
* deprecated: This method is inherently racy, please use [`method: Frame.waitForURL`] instead.
* langs:
  * alias-python: expect_navigation
  * alias-csharp: RunAndWaitForNavigation
- returns: <[null]|[Response]>

Waits for the frame navigation and returns the main resource response. In case of multiple redirects, the navigation
will resolve with the response of the last redirect. In case of navigation to a different anchor or navigation due to
History API usage, the navigation will resolve with `null`.

**Usage**

This method waits for the frame to navigate to a new URL. It is useful for when you run code which will indirectly cause
the frame to navigate. Consider this example:

```js
// Start waiting for navigation before clicking. Note no await.
const navigationPromise = page.waitForNavigation();
await page.getByText('Navigate after timeout').click();
await navigationPromise;
```

```java
// The method returns after navigation has finished
frame.waitForNavigation(() -> {
  // Clicking the link will indirectly cause a navigation
  frame.click("a.delayed-navigation");
});
```

```python async
async with frame.expect_navigation():
    await frame.click("a.delayed-navigation") # clicking the link will indirectly cause a navigation
# Resolves after navigation has finished
```

```python sync
with frame.expect_navigation():
    frame.click("a.delayed-navigation") # clicking the link will indirectly cause a navigation
# Resolves after navigation has finished
```

```csharp
await frame.RunAndWaitForNavigationAsync(async () =>
{
    // Clicking the link will indirectly cause a navigation.
    await frame.ClickAsync("a.delayed-navigation");
});

// Resolves after navigation has finished
```

:::note
Usage of the [History API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/History_API) to change the URL is considered
a navigation.
:::

## async method: Frame.waitForNavigation
* since: v1.8
* deprecated: This method is inherently racy, please use [`method: Frame.waitForURL`] instead.
* langs: python
- returns: <[EventContextManager]<[Response]>>

### param: Frame.waitForNavigation.action = %%-csharp-wait-for-event-action-%%
* since: v1.12

### option: Frame.waitForNavigation.url = %%-wait-for-navigation-url-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.waitForNavigation.waitUntil = %%-navigation-wait-until-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.waitForNavigation.timeout = %%-navigation-timeout-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.waitForNavigation.timeout = %%-navigation-timeout-js-%%
* since: v1.8

### param: Frame.waitForNavigation.callback = %%-java-wait-for-event-callback-%%
* since: v1.9

## async method: Frame.waitForSelector
* since: v1.8
* discouraged: Use web assertions that assert visibility or a locator-based [`method: Locator.waitFor`] instead.
  Read more about [locators](../locators.md).
- returns: <[null]|[ElementHandle]>

Returns when element specified by selector satisfies [`option: state`] option. Returns `null` if waiting for `hidden` or
`detached`.

:::note
Playwright automatically waits for element to be ready before performing an action. Using
[Locator] objects and web-first assertions make the code wait-for-selector-free.
:::

Wait for the [`param: selector`] to satisfy [`option: state`] option (either appear/disappear from dom, or become
visible/hidden). If at the moment of calling the method [`param: selector`] already satisfies the condition, the method
will return immediately. If the selector doesn't satisfy the condition for the [`option: timeout`] milliseconds, the
function will throw.

**Usage**

This method works across navigations:

```js
const { chromium } = require('playwright');  // Or 'firefox' or 'webkit'.

(async () => {
  const browser = await chromium.launch();
  const page = await browser.newPage();
  for (let currentURL of ['https://google.com', 'https://bbc.com']) {
    await page.goto(currentURL);
    const element = await page.mainFrame().waitForSelector('img');
    console.log('Loaded image: ' + await element.getAttribute('src'));
  }
  await browser.close();
})();
```

```java
import com.microsoft.playwright.*;

public class Example {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    try (Playwright playwright = Playwright.create()) {
      BrowserType chromium = playwright.chromium();
      Browser browser = chromium.launch();
      Page page = browser.newPage();
      for (String currentURL : Arrays.asList("https://google.com", "https://bbc.com")) {
        page.navigate(currentURL);
        ElementHandle element = page.mainFrame().waitForSelector("img");
        System.out.println("Loaded image: " + element.getAttribute("src"));
      }
      browser.close();
    }
  }
}
```

```python async
import asyncio
from playwright.async_api import async_playwright

async def run(playwright):
    chromium = playwright.chromium
    browser = await chromium.launch()
    page = await browser.new_page()
    for current_url in ["https://google.com", "https://bbc.com"]:
        await page.goto(current_url, wait_until="domcontentloaded")
        element = await page.main_frame.wait_for_selector("img")
        print("Loaded image: " + str(await element.get_attribute("src")))
    await browser.close()

async def main():
    async with async_playwright() as playwright:
        await run(playwright)
asyncio.run(main())
```

```python sync
from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright

def run(playwright):
    chromium = playwright.chromium
    browser = chromium.launch()
    page = browser.new_page()
    for current_url in ["https://google.com", "https://bbc.com"]:
        page.goto(current_url, wait_until="domcontentloaded")
        element = page.main_frame.wait_for_selector("img")
        print("Loaded image: " + str(element.get_attribute("src")))
    browser.close()

with sync_playwright() as playwright:
    run(playwright)
```

```csharp
using Microsoft.Playwright;
using System;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

class FrameExamples
{
    public static async Task Main()
    {
        using var playwright = await Playwright.CreateAsync();
        await using var browser = await playwright.Chromium.LaunchAsync();
        var page = await browser.NewPageAsync();

        foreach (var currentUrl in new[] { "https://www.google.com", "https://bbc.com" })
        {
            await page.GotoAsync(currentUrl);
            element = await page.MainFrame.WaitForSelectorAsync("img");
            Console.WriteLine($"Loaded image: {await element.GetAttributeAsync("src")}");
        }
    }
}
```

### param: Frame.waitForSelector.selector = %%-query-selector-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.waitForSelector.state = %%-wait-for-selector-state-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.waitForSelector.strict = %%-input-strict-%%
* since: v1.14

### option: Frame.waitForSelector.timeout = %%-input-timeout-%%
* since: v1.8

### option: Frame.waitForSelector.timeout = %%-input-timeout-js-%%
* since: v1.8

## async method: Frame.waitForTimeout
* since: v1.8

Waits for the given [`param: timeout`] in milliseconds.

Note that `frame.waitForTimeout()` should only be used for debugging. Tests using the timer in production are going to
be flaky. Use signals such as network events, selectors becoming visible and others instead.

### param: Frame.waitForTimeout.timeout
* since: v1.8
- `timeout` <[float]>

A timeout to wait for

## async method: Frame.waitForURL
* since: v1.11

Waits for the frame to navigate to the given URL.

**Usage**

```js
await frame.click('a.delayed-navigation'); // Clicking the link will indirectly cause a navigation
await frame.waitForURL('**/target.html');
```

```java
frame.click("a.delayed-navigation"); // Clicking the link will indirectly cause a navigation
frame.waitForURL("**/target.html");
```

```python async
await frame.click("a.delayed-navigation") # clicking the link will indirectly cause a navigation
await frame.wait_for_url("**/target.html")
```

```python sync
frame.click("a.delayed-navigation") # clicking the link will indirectly cause a navigation
frame.wait_for_url("**/target.html")
```

```csharp
await frame.ClickAsync("a.delayed-navigation"); // clicking the link will indirectly cause a navigation
await frame.WaitForURLAsync("**/target.html");
```

### param: Frame.waitForURL.url = %%-wait-for-navigation-url-%%
* since: v1.11

### option: Frame.waitForURL.timeout = %%-navigation-timeout-%%
* since: v1.11

### option: Frame.waitForURL.timeout = %%-navigation-timeout-js-%%
* since: v1.11

### option: Frame.waitForURL.waitUntil = %%-navigation-wait-until-%%
* since: v1.11