# class: Keyboard

Keyboard provides an api for managing a virtual keyboard. The high level api is [`method: Keyboard.type`], which takes
raw characters and generates proper keydown, keypress/input, and keyup events on your page.

For finer control, you can use [`method: Keyboard.down`], [`method: Keyboard.up`], and [`method: Keyboard.insertText`]
to manually fire events as if they were generated from a real keyboard.

An example of holding down `Shift` in order to select and delete some text:

```js
await page.keyboard.type('Hello World!');
await page.keyboard.press('ArrowLeft');

await page.keyboard.down('Shift');
for (let i = 0; i < ' World'.length; i++)
  await page.keyboard.press('ArrowLeft');
await page.keyboard.up('Shift');

await page.keyboard.press('Backspace');
// Result text will end up saying 'Hello!'
```

```python async
await page.keyboard.type("Hello World!")
await page.keyboard.press("ArrowLeft")
await page.keyboard.down("Shift")
for i in range(6):
    await page.keyboard.press("ArrowLeft")
await page.keyboard.up("Shift")
await page.keyboard.press("Backspace")
# result text will end up saying "Hello!"
```

```python sync
page.keyboard.type("Hello World!")
page.keyboard.press("ArrowLeft")
page.keyboard.down("Shift")
for i in range(6):
    page.keyboard.press("ArrowLeft")
page.keyboard.up("Shift")
page.keyboard.press("Backspace")
# result text will end up saying "Hello!"
```

An example of pressing uppercase `A`

```js
await page.keyboard.press('Shift+KeyA');
// or
await page.keyboard.press('Shift+A');
```

```python async
await page.keyboard.press("Shift+KeyA")
# or
await page.keyboard.press("Shift+A")
```

```python sync
page.keyboard.press("Shift+KeyA")
# or
page.keyboard.press("Shift+A")
```

An example to trigger select-all with the keyboard

```js
// on Windows and Linux
await page.keyboard.press('Control+A');
// on macOS
await page.keyboard.press('Meta+A');
```

```python async
# on windows and linux
await page.keyboard.press("Control+A")
# on mac_os
await page.keyboard.press("Meta+A")
```

```python sync
# on windows and linux
page.keyboard.press("Control+A")
# on mac_os
page.keyboard.press("Meta+A")
```

## async method: Keyboard.down

Dispatches a `keydown` event.

[`param: key`] can specify the intended
[keyboardEvent.key](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/KeyboardEvent/key) value or a single character to
generate the text for. A superset of the [`param: key`] values can be found
[here](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/KeyboardEvent/key/Key_Values). Examples of the keys are:

`F1` - `F12`, `Digit0`- `Digit9`, `KeyA`- `KeyZ`, `Backquote`, `Minus`, `Equal`, `Backslash`, `Backspace`, `Tab`,
`Delete`, `Escape`, `ArrowDown`, `End`, `Enter`, `Home`, `Insert`, `PageDown`, `PageUp`, `ArrowRight`, `ArrowUp`, etc.

Following modification shortcuts are also supported: `Shift`, `Control`, `Alt`, `Meta`, `ShiftLeft`.

Holding down `Shift` will type the text that corresponds to the [`param: key`] in the upper case.

If [`param: key`] is a single character, it is case-sensitive, so the values `a` and `A` will generate different
respective texts.

If [`param: key`] is a modifier key, `Shift`, `Meta`, `Control`, or `Alt`, subsequent key presses will be sent with that
modifier active. To release the modifier key, use [`method: Keyboard.up`].

After the key is pressed once, subsequent calls to [`method: Keyboard.down`] will have
[repeat](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/KeyboardEvent/repeat) set to true. To release the key, use
[`method: Keyboard.up`].

:::note
Modifier keys DO influence `keyboard.down`. Holding down `Shift` will type the text in upper case.
:::

### param: Keyboard.down.key
- `key` <[string]>

Name of the key to press or a character to generate, such as `ArrowLeft` or `a`.

## async method: Keyboard.insertText

Dispatches only `input` event, does not emit the `keydown`, `keyup` or `keypress` events.

```js
page.keyboard.insertText('嗨');
```

```python async
await page.keyboard.insert_text("嗨")
```

```python sync
page.keyboard.insert_text("嗨")
```

:::note
Modifier keys DO NOT effect `keyboard.insertText`. Holding down `Shift` will not type the text in upper case.
:::

### param: Keyboard.insertText.text
- `text` <[string]>

Sets input to the specified text value.

## async method: Keyboard.press

[`param: key`] can specify the intended
[keyboardEvent.key](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/KeyboardEvent/key) value or a single character to
generate the text for. A superset of the [`param: key`] values can be found
[here](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/KeyboardEvent/key/Key_Values). Examples of the keys are:

`F1` - `F12`, `Digit0`- `Digit9`, `KeyA`- `KeyZ`, `Backquote`, `Minus`, `Equal`, `Backslash`, `Backspace`, `Tab`,
`Delete`, `Escape`, `ArrowDown`, `End`, `Enter`, `Home`, `Insert`, `PageDown`, `PageUp`, `ArrowRight`, `ArrowUp`, etc.

Following modification shortcuts are also supported: `Shift`, `Control`, `Alt`, `Meta`, `ShiftLeft`.

Holding down `Shift` will type the text that corresponds to the [`param: key`] in the upper case.

If [`param: key`] is a single character, it is case-sensitive, so the values `a` and `A` will generate different
respective texts.

Shortcuts such as `key: "Control+o"` or `key: "Control+Shift+T"` are supported as well. When speficied with the
modifier, modifier is pressed and being held while the subsequent key is being pressed.

```js
const page = await browser.newPage();
await page.goto('https://keycode.info');
await page.keyboard.press('A');
await page.screenshot({ path: 'A.png' });
await page.keyboard.press('ArrowLeft');
await page.screenshot({ path: 'ArrowLeft.png' });
await page.keyboard.press('Shift+O');
await page.screenshot({ path: 'O.png' });
await browser.close();
```

```python async
page = await browser.new_page()
await page.goto("https://keycode.info")
await page.keyboard.press("a")
await page.screenshot(path="a.png")
await page.keyboard.press("ArrowLeft")
await page.screenshot(path="arrow_left.png")
await page.keyboard.press("Shift+O")
await page.screenshot(path="o.png")
await browser.close()
```

```python sync
page = browser.new_page()
page.goto("https://keycode.info")
page.keyboard.press("a")
page.screenshot(path="a.png")
page.keyboard.press("ArrowLeft")
page.screenshot(path="arrow_left.png")
page.keyboard.press("Shift+O")
page.screenshot(path="o.png")
browser.close()
```

Shortcut for [`method: Keyboard.down`] and [`method: Keyboard.up`].

### param: Keyboard.press.key
- `key` <[string]>

Name of the key to press or a character to generate, such as `ArrowLeft` or `a`.

### option: Keyboard.press.delay
- `delay` <[float]>

Time to wait between `keydown` and `keyup` in milliseconds. Defaults to 0.

## async method: Keyboard.type

Sends a `keydown`, `keypress`/`input`, and `keyup` event for each character in the text.

To press a special key, like `Control` or `ArrowDown`, use [`method: Keyboard.press`].

```js
await page.keyboard.type('Hello'); // Types instantly
await page.keyboard.type('World', {delay: 100}); // Types slower, like a user
```

```python async
await page.keyboard.type("Hello") # types instantly
await page.keyboard.type("World", delay=100) # types slower, like a user
```

```python sync
page.keyboard.type("Hello") # types instantly
page.keyboard.type("World", delay=100) # types slower, like a user
```

:::note
Modifier keys DO NOT effect `keyboard.type`. Holding down `Shift` will not type the text in upper case.
:::

### param: Keyboard.type.text
- `text` <[string]>

A text to type into a focused element.

### option: Keyboard.type.delay
- `delay` <[float]>

Time to wait between key presses in milliseconds. Defaults to 0.

## async method: Keyboard.up

Dispatches a `keyup` event.

### param: Keyboard.up.key
- `key` <[string]>

Name of the key to press or a character to generate, such as `ArrowLeft` or `a`.