playwright/docs/src/multi-pages.md

id	title
multi-pages	Multi-page scenarios

Playwright can automate scenarios that span multiple browser contexts or multiple tabs in a browser window.

Multiple contexts

Browser contexts are isolated environments on a single browser instance. Playwright can create multiple browser contexts within a single scenario. This is useful when you want to test for multi-user functionality, like chat.

const { chromium } = require('playwright');

// Create a Chromium browser instance
const browser = await chromium.launch();

// Create two isolated browser contexts
const userContext = await browser.newContext();
const adminContext = await browser.newContext();

// Create pages and interact with contexts independently

import com.microsoft.playwright.*;

public class Example {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    try (Playwright playwright = Playwright.create()) {
      BrowserType chromium = playwright.chromium();
      // Create a Chromium browser instance
      Browser browser = chromium.launch();
      // Create two isolated browser contexts
      BrowserContext userContext = browser.newContext();
      BrowserContext adminContext = browser.newContext();
      // Create pages and interact with contexts independently
    }
  }
}

import asyncio
from playwright.async_api import async_playwright

async def run(playwright):
    # create a chromium browser instance
    chromium = playwright.chromium
    browser = await chromium.launch()

    # create two isolated browser contexts
    user_context = await browser.new_context()
    admin_context = await browser.new_context()

    # create pages and interact with contexts independently

async def main():
    async with async_playwright() as playwright:
        await run(playwright)
asyncio.run(main())

from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright

def run(playwright):
    # create a chromium browser instance
    chromium = playwright.chromium
    browser = chromium.launch()

    # create two isolated browser contexts
    user_context = browser.new_context()
    admin_context = browser.new_context()

    # create pages and interact with contexts independently

with sync_playwright() as playwright:
    run(playwright)

using Microsoft.Playwright;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

class Program
{
    public static async Task Main()
    {
        using var playwright = await Playwright.CreateAsync();
        // Create a Chromium browser instance
        await using var browser = await playwright.Chromium.LaunchAsync();
        await using var userContext = await browser.NewContextAsync();
        await using var adminContext = await browser.NewContextAsync();
        // Create pages and interact with contexts independently.
    }
}

API reference

• [BrowserContext]
• [method: Browser.newContext]
• [method: BrowserContext.addCookies]

Multiple pages

Each browser context can host multiple pages (tabs).

• Each page behaves like a focused, active page. Bringing the page to front is not required.
• Pages inside a context respect context-level emulation, like viewport sizes, custom network routes or browser locale.

// Create two pages
const pageOne = await context.newPage();
const pageTwo = await context.newPage();

// Get pages of a brower context
const allPages = context.pages();

// Create two pages
Page pageOne = context.newPage();
Page pageTwo = context.newPage();

// Get pages of a brower context
List<Page> allPages = context.pages();

# create two pages
page_one = await context.new_page()
page_two = await context.new_page()

# get pages of a brower context
all_pages = context.pages()

# create two pages
page_one = context.new_page()
page_two = context.new_page()

# get pages of a brower context
all_pages = context.pages()

// Create two pages
var pageOne = await context.NewPageAsync();
var pageTwo = await context.NewPageAsync();

// Get pages of a brower context
var allPages = context.Pages;

API reference

• [Page]
• [method: BrowserContext.newPage]
• [method: BrowserContext.pages]

Handling new pages

The page event on browser contexts can be used to get new pages that are created in the context. This can be used to handle new pages opened by target="_blank" links.

// Get page after a specific action (e.g. clicking a link)
const [newPage] = await Promise.all([
  context.waitForEvent('page'),
  page.click('a[target="_blank"]') // Opens a new tab
])
await newPage.waitForLoadState();
console.log(await newPage.title());

// Get page after a specific action (e.g. clicking a link)
Page newPage = context.waitForPage(() -> {
  page.click("a[target='_blank']"); // Opens a new tab
});
newPage.waitForLoadState();
System.out.println(newPage.title());

# Get page after a specific action (e.g. clicking a link)
async with context.expect_page() as new_page_info:
    await page.click('a[target="_blank"]') # Opens a new tab
new_page = await new_page_info.value

await new_page.wait_for_load_state()
print(await new_page.title())

# Get page after a specific action (e.g. clicking a link)
with context.expect_page() as new_page_info:
    page.click('a[target="_blank"]') # Opens a new tab
new_page = new_page_info.value

new_page.wait_for_load_state()
print(new_page.title())

// Get page after a specific action (e.g. clicking a link)
var newPage = await context.RunAndWaitForPageAsync(async () =>
{
    await page.ClickAsync("a[target='_blank']");
});
await newPage.WaitForLoadStateAsync();
Console.WriteLine(await newPage.TitleAsync());

If the action that triggers the new page is unknown, the following pattern can be used.

// Get all new pages (including popups) in the context
context.on('page', async page => {
  await page.waitForLoadState();
  console.log(await page.title());
})

// Get all new pages (including popups) in the context
context.onPage(page -> {
  page.waitForLoadState();
  System.out.println(page.title());
});

# Get all new pages (including popups) in the context
async def handle_page(page):
    await page.wait_for_load_state()
    print(await page.title())

context.on("page", handle_page)

# Get all new pages (including popups) in the context
def handle_page(page):
    page.wait_for_load_state()
    print(page.title())

context.on("page", handle_page)

// Get all new pages (including popups) in the context
context.Page += async  (_, page) => {
    await page.WaitForLoadStateAsync();
    Console.WriteLine(await page.TitleAsync());
};

API reference

• [event: BrowserContext.page]

Handling popups

If the page opens a pop-up, you can get a reference to it by listening to the popup event on the page.

This event is emitted in addition to the browserContext.on('page') event, but only for popups relevant to this page.

// Get popup after a specific action (e.g., click)
const [popup] = await Promise.all([
  page.waitForEvent('popup'),
  page.click('#open')
]);
await popup.waitForLoadState();
console.log(await popup.title());

// Get popup after a specific action (e.g., click)
Page popup = page.waitForPopup(() -> {
  page.click("#open");
});
popup.waitForLoadState();
System.out.println(popup.title());

# Get popup after a specific action (e.g., click)
async with page.expect_popup() as popup_info:
    await page.click("#open")
popup = await popup_info.value

await popup.wait_for_load_state()
print(await popup.title())

# Get popup after a specific action (e.g., click)
with page.expect_popup() as popup_info:
    page.click("#open")
popup = popup_info.value

popup.wait_for_load_state()
print(popup.title())

// Get popup after a specific action (e.g., click)
var newPage = await page.RunAndWaitForPopupAsync(async () =>
{
    await page.ClickAsync("#open");
});
await newPage.WaitForLoadStateAsync();
Console.WriteLine(await newPage.TitleAsync());

If the action that triggers the popup is unknown, the following pattern can be used.

// Get all popups when they open
page.on('popup', async popup => {
  await popup.waitForLoadState();
  await popup.title();
})

// Get all popups when they open
page.onPopup(popup -> {
  popup.waitForLoadState();
  System.out.println(popup.title());
});

# Get all popups when they open
async def handle_popup(popup):
    await popup.wait_for_load_state()
    print(await popup.title())

page.on("popup", handle_popup)

# Get all popups when they open
def handle_popup(popup):
    popup.wait_for_load_state()
    print(popup.title())

page.on("popup", handle_popup)

// Get all popups when they open
page.Popup += async  (_, popup) => {
    await popup.WaitForLoadStateAsync();
    Console.WriteLine(await page.TitleAsync());
};

API reference

• [event: Page.popup]