Android device or AVD Emulator.
ADB daemon running and authenticated with your device. Typically running adb devices is all you need to do.
Chrome 87 or newer installed on the device
"Enable command line on non-rooted devices" enabled in chrome://flags.

How to demo

const { android } = require('playwright-android');

(async () => {
  const [device] = await android.devices();

  // Android automation.
  console.log(`Model: ${device.model()}`);
  console.log(`Serial: ${device.serial()}`);

  await device.tap({ desc: 'Home' });
  console.log(await device.info({ text: 'Chrome' }));
  await device.tap({ text: 'Chrome' });
  await device.fill({ res: 'com.android.chrome:id/url_bar' }, 'www.chromium.org');
  await device.input.press('Enter');
  await new Promise(f => setTimeout(f, 1000));

  await device.tap({ res: 'com.android.chrome:id/tab_switcher_button' });
  await device.tap({ desc: 'More options' });
  await device.tap({ desc: 'Close all tabs' });

  // Browser automation.
  const context = await device.launchBrowser();
  const [page] = context.pages();
  await page.goto('https://webkit.org/');
  console.log(await page.evaluate(() => window.location.href));
  await context.close();

  await device.close();
})();