diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md index b3ec5e558..b625bd5d5 100644 --- a/CHANGELOG.md +++ b/CHANGELOG.md @@ -1,7 +1,10 @@ -## 0.7.11-dev2 +## 0.7.11 ### Enhancements +* More deterministic element ordering when using `hi_res` PDF parsing strategy (from unstructured-inference bump to 0.5.4) +* Make large model available (from unstructured-inference bump to 0.5.3) +* Combine inferred elements with extracted elements (from unstructured-inference bump to 0.5.2) * `partition_email` and `partition_msg` will now process attachments if `process_attachments=True` and a attachment partitioning functions is passed through with `attachment_partitioner=partition`. diff --git a/requirements/base.txt b/requirements/base.txt index 50e1240be..af901ed86 100644 --- a/requirements/base.txt +++ b/requirements/base.txt @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ # anyio==3.7.0 # via httpcore -argilla==1.10.0 +argilla==1.12.0 # via -r requirements/base.in backoff==2.2.1 # via argilla @@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ idna==3.4 # rfc3986 importlib-metadata==6.7.0 # via markdown -joblib==1.2.0 +joblib==1.3.1 # via nltk lxml==4.9.2 # via @@ -130,13 +130,12 @@ tqdm==4.65.0 # via # argilla # nltk -typer==0.9.0 +typer==0.7.0 # via argilla -typing-extensions==4.6.3 +typing-extensions==4.7.0 # via # pydantic # rich - # typer urllib3==1.26.16 # via # -c requirements/constraints.in diff --git a/requirements/dev.txt b/requirements/dev.txt index 7d61f0365..1f444b1f2 100644 --- a/requirements/dev.txt +++ b/requirements/dev.txt @@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ importlib-metadata==6.7.0 # nbconvert importlib-resources==5.12.0 # via jsonschema -ipykernel==6.23.2 +ipykernel==6.23.3 # via # ipywidgets # jupyter @@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ jsonschema[format-nongpl]==4.17.3 # nbformat jupyter==1.0.0 # via -r requirements/dev.in -jupyter-client==8.2.0 +jupyter-client==8.3.0 # via # ipykernel # jupyter-console @@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ jupyter-core==5.3.1 # qtconsole jupyter-events==0.6.3 # via jupyter-server -jupyter-server==2.6.0 +jupyter-server==2.7.0 # via # nbclassic # notebook-shim @@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ pip-tools==6.13.0 # via -r requirements/dev.in pkgutil-resolve-name==1.3.10 # via jsonschema -platformdirs==3.6.0 +platformdirs==3.8.0 # via # -c requirements/test.txt # jupyter-core @@ -352,12 +352,12 @@ traitlets==5.9.0 # nbformat # notebook # qtconsole -typing-extensions==4.6.3 +typing-extensions==4.7.0 # via # -c requirements/base.txt # -c requirements/test.txt # ipython -uri-template==1.2.0 +uri-template==1.3.0 # via jsonschema virtualenv==20.23.1 # via pre-commit @@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ webencodings==0.5.1 # via # bleach # tinycss2 -websocket-client==1.6.0 +websocket-client==1.6.1 # via jupyter-server wheel==0.40.0 # via diff --git a/requirements/huggingface.txt b/requirements/huggingface.txt index 544eaff62..13ac43972 100644 --- a/requirements/huggingface.txt +++ b/requirements/huggingface.txt @@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ idna==3.4 # requests jinja2==3.1.2 # via torch -joblib==1.2.0 +joblib==1.3.1 # via # -c requirements/base.txt # sacremoses @@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ tqdm==4.65.0 # transformers transformers==4.30.2 # via -r requirements/huggingface.in -typing-extensions==4.6.3 +typing-extensions==4.7.0 # via # -c requirements/base.txt # huggingface-hub diff --git a/requirements/ingest-azure.txt b/requirements/ingest-azure.txt index a88c505cd..dca9b174b 100644 --- a/requirements/ingest-azure.txt +++ b/requirements/ingest-azure.txt @@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ six==1.16.0 # azure-core # azure-identity # isodate -typing-extensions==4.6.3 +typing-extensions==4.7.0 # via # -c requirements/base.txt # azure-core diff --git a/requirements/ingest-discord.txt b/requirements/ingest-discord.txt index cd5311653..a351df508 100644 --- a/requirements/ingest-discord.txt +++ b/requirements/ingest-discord.txt @@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ charset-normalizer==3.1.0 # via # -c requirements/base.txt # aiohttp -discord-py==2.3.0 +discord-py==2.3.1 # via -r requirements/ingest-discord.in frozenlist==1.3.3 # via diff --git a/requirements/ingest-gcs.txt b/requirements/ingest-gcs.txt index c83f4968f..ea3b5389a 100644 --- a/requirements/ingest-gcs.txt +++ b/requirements/ingest-gcs.txt @@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ google-api-core==2.11.1 # via # google-cloud-core # google-cloud-storage -google-auth==2.20.0 +google-auth==2.21.0 # via # gcsfs # google-api-core @@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ google-auth-oauthlib==1.0.0 # via gcsfs google-cloud-core==2.3.2 # via google-cloud-storage -google-cloud-storage==2.9.0 +google-cloud-storage==2.10.0 # via gcsfs google-crc32c==1.5.0 # via google-resumable-media diff --git a/requirements/ingest-google-drive.txt b/requirements/ingest-google-drive.txt index 783c50726..0df69f427 100644 --- a/requirements/ingest-google-drive.txt +++ b/requirements/ingest-google-drive.txt @@ -17,9 +17,9 @@ charset-normalizer==3.1.0 # requests google-api-core==2.11.1 # via google-api-python-client -google-api-python-client==2.90.0 +google-api-python-client==2.91.0 # via -r requirements/ingest-google-drive.in -google-auth==2.20.0 +google-auth==2.21.0 # via # google-api-core # google-api-python-client diff --git a/requirements/ingest-reddit.txt b/requirements/ingest-reddit.txt index 06003c883..2a108c426 100644 --- a/requirements/ingest-reddit.txt +++ b/requirements/ingest-reddit.txt @@ -33,5 +33,5 @@ urllib3==1.26.16 # -c requirements/base.txt # -c requirements/constraints.in # requests -websocket-client==1.6.0 +websocket-client==1.6.1 # via praw diff --git a/requirements/ingest-s3.txt b/requirements/ingest-s3.txt index 8623cdb4b..809631387 100644 --- a/requirements/ingest-s3.txt +++ b/requirements/ingest-s3.txt @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ # # pip-compile requirements/ingest-s3.in # -aiobotocore==2.5.0 +aiobotocore==2.5.1 # via s3fs aiohttp==3.8.4 # via @@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ async-timeout==4.0.2 # via aiohttp attrs==23.1.0 # via aiohttp -botocore==1.29.76 +botocore==1.29.161 # via aiobotocore charset-normalizer==3.1.0 # via @@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ six==1.16.0 # via # -c requirements/base.txt # python-dateutil -typing-extensions==4.6.3 +typing-extensions==4.7.0 # via # -c requirements/base.txt # aioitertools diff --git a/requirements/local-inference.in b/requirements/local-inference.in index cb057be3d..d4c73e18d 100644 --- a/requirements/local-inference.in +++ b/requirements/local-inference.in @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ -c constraints.in -c base.txt -unstructured-inference==0.5.1 +unstructured-inference==0.5.4 diff --git a/requirements/local-inference.txt b/requirements/local-inference.txt index 18273fbca..25f9b5b69 100644 --- a/requirements/local-inference.txt +++ b/requirements/local-inference.txt @@ -205,13 +205,13 @@ tqdm==4.65.0 # transformers transformers==4.30.2 # via unstructured-inference -typing-extensions==4.6.3 +typing-extensions==4.7.0 # via # -c requirements/base.txt # huggingface-hub # iopath # torch -unstructured-inference==0.5.1 +unstructured-inference==0.5.4 # via -r requirements/local-inference.in urllib3==1.26.16 # via diff --git a/requirements/test.txt b/requirements/test.txt index d5467cf02..87a55e833 100644 --- a/requirements/test.txt +++ b/requirements/test.txt @@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ flake8==6.0.0 # via -r requirements/test.in freezegun==1.2.2 # via -r requirements/test.in -grpcio==1.54.2 +grpcio==1.56.0 # via -r requirements/test.in idna==3.4 # via @@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ idna==3.4 # yarl iniconfig==2.0.0 # via pytest -label-studio-sdk==0.0.28 +label-studio-sdk==0.0.29 # via -r requirements/test.in label-studio-tools==0.0.2 # via label-studio-sdk @@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ mccabe==0.7.0 # via flake8 multidict==6.0.4 # via yarl -mypy==1.4.0 +mypy==1.4.1 # via -r requirements/test.in mypy-extensions==1.0.0 # via @@ -69,9 +69,9 @@ packaging==23.1 # pytest pathspec==0.11.1 # via black -platformdirs==3.6.0 +platformdirs==3.8.0 # via black -pluggy==1.0.0 +pluggy==1.2.0 # via pytest pycodestyle==2.10.0 # via flake8 @@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ pydantic==1.10.9 # label-studio-sdk pyflakes==3.0.1 # via flake8 -pytest==7.3.2 +pytest==7.4.0 # via # pytest-cov # pytest-mock @@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ requests==2.31.0 # via # -c requirements/base.txt # label-studio-sdk -ruff==0.0.273 +ruff==0.0.275 # via -r requirements/test.in six==1.16.0 # via @@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ types-tabulate==0.9.0.2 # via -r requirements/test.in types-urllib3==1.26.25.13 # via types-requests -typing-extensions==4.6.3 +typing-extensions==4.7.0 # via # -c requirements/base.txt # black @@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ urllib3==1.26.16 # -c requirements/constraints.in # requests # vcrpy -vcrpy==4.3.1 +vcrpy==5.0.0 # via -r requirements/test.in wrapt==1.14.1 # via diff --git a/test_unstructured/partition/test_auto.py b/test_unstructured/partition/test_auto.py index 3812dcf65..cbbc8c4e9 100644 --- a/test_unstructured/partition/test_auto.py +++ b/test_unstructured/partition/test_auto.py @@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ from unstructured.documents.elements import ( ElementMetadata, ListItem, NarrativeText, - PageBreak, Table, Text, Title, @@ -438,7 +437,7 @@ def test_auto_partition_ppt_from_filename(): def test_auto_with_page_breaks(): filename = os.path.join(EXAMPLE_DOCS_DIRECTORY, "layout-parser-paper-fast.pdf") elements = partition(filename=filename, include_page_breaks=True, strategy="hi_res") - assert any(isinstance(element, PageBreak) for element in elements) + assert "PageBreak" in [elem.category for elem in elements] def test_auto_partition_epub_from_filename(): diff --git a/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/azure/Core-Skills-for-Biomedical-Data-Scientists-2-pages.pdf.json b/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/azure/Core-Skills-for-Biomedical-Data-Scientists-2-pages.pdf.json index 45646eff2..4af465f1a 100644 --- a/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/azure/Core-Skills-for-Biomedical-Data-Scientists-2-pages.pdf.json +++ b/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/azure/Core-Skills-for-Biomedical-Data-Scientists-2-pages.pdf.json @@ -1,382 +1,132 @@ [ { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "833e3f9d4af02845c670c31e2d6d4f9a", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "a81f2feee790a4c2cf749889073d947a", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "Skills for Biomedical Data" + "text": "Lisa Federer, MLIS, Data Science Training Coordinator" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "64b2134f054446d473fce1b05d4d4c94", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "c8e51fdc53c202393adad77f7f93ee5a", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "Maryam Zaringhalam, PhD, AAAS Science & Technology Policy Fellow" + "text": "Executive Summary" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "f3416e4bccede2117fed6bc61910bc18", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "04ff84b51fab69c07381ac794b740243", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "F. Huerta, PhD, Associate Director of NLM for Program Development and NLM of Data Science and Open Science Initiatives" + "text": "1. General biomedical subject matter knowledge: biomedical data scientists should have a general working knowledge of the principles of biology, bioinformatics, and basic clinical science;" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "03382d8edd187c79918f58dabfe3efa9", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "a88d172116b68102146559d58fdb6669", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "This report provides recommendations for a minimal set of core skills for biomedical data scientists based on analysis that draws on opinions of data scientists, curricula for existing biomedical data science programs, and requirements for biomedical data science jobs." + "text": "2. Programming language expertise: biomedical data scientists should be fluent in at" }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "5f86ba4abc2e566faf03d08d68497fe3", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "f5f4c576951865bd016d4be673f624ff", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "have a general working knowledge of the principles of biology, bioinformatics, and basic clinical science;" + "text": "least one programming language (typically R and/or Python);" }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "a7933384fcbc1b05de9f42caa2a53259", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "8b02f539eb8ccee5b3fc24f66858188c", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "Programming language expertise: biomedical data scientists should be fluent in at least one programming language (typically R and/or Python);" + "text": "3. Predictive analytics, modeling, and machine learning: while a range of statistical methods may be useful, predictive analytics, modeling, and machine learning emerged as especially important skills in biomedical data science;" }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "574d13919f4ffba04df0cff8e3a96665", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "469e981f34d1e6f2b420574ed8e932d2", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "Predictive analytics, modeling, and machine learning: while a range of statistical methods may be useful, predictive analytics, modeling, and machine learning as especially important skills in biomedical data science;" + "text": "4. Team science and scientific communication: “soft” skills, like the ability to work well on teams and communicate effectively in both verbal and written venues, may be as important as the more technical skills typically associated with data science." }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "2c2eabce11151dfe0837d521ad2bcc56", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "4b8fc76cbba0e2fef79ff8bc668b1401", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "Team science and scientific communication: “soft” skills, like the ability to work well on teams and communicate effectively in both verbal and written venues, may be important as the more technical skills typically associated with data science." + "text": "5. Responsible data stewardship: a successful data scientist must be able to implement best practices for data management and stewardship, as well as conduct research in an ethical manner that maintains data security and privacy." }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "186d6df0a7df1ef56ffd0aca24c8cb95", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "69da7754428f154ee3b2906214d31ad9", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "Responsible data stewardship: a successful data scientist must be able to implement best practices for data management and stewardship, as well as conduct research in an ethical manner that maintains data security and privacy." + "text": "The report further details specific skills and expertise relevant to biomedical data scientists." }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "5e3d4670749a0f3753fa4bb1b328d156", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "37486ef32cbf05082d5dbff0581db762", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "Training a biomedical data science (BDS) workforce is a central theme in NLM’s Strategic Plan for the coming decade. That commitment is echoed in the NIH-wide Big Data to Knowledge (BD2K) initiative, which invested $61 million between FY2014 and FY2017 in training programs for the development and use of biomedical big data science methods and tools. In line with" + "text": "Motivation" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "c6a6ea3046a1368cce3761309c6fc20e", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "9fc51802fc970310e99a77b9f29af9ab", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "commitment, a recent report to the NLM Director recommended working across NIH to and develop core skills required of a biomedical data scientist to consistency across cohort of NIH-trained data scientists. This report provides a set of recommended core skills on analysis of current BD2K-funded training programs, biomedical data science job ads, practicing members of the current data science workforce." + "text": "Core Skills for Biomedical Data Scientists _____________________________________________________________________________________________" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "f26d07e6b71e42596791a241e2417931", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "2e3cec7bff1e8c8d8e0087f0bcfa89f0", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "Methodology" + "text": "a) Responses to a 2017 Kaggle1 survey2 of over 16,000 self-identified data scientists working across many industries. Analysis of the Kaggle survey responses from the current data science workforce provided insights into the current generation of data scientists, including how they were trained and what programming and analysis skills they use." }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "bcefa2402c4d32dbf76a40451d0fc3dd", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "8c90963d8f3da9bf0465279550af369a", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "The Workforce Excellence team took a three-pronged approach to identifying core skills required of a biomedical data scientist (BDS), drawing from:" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "f600a6418d465a7426c2277e80ad7201", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": "working across many industries. Analysis of the Kaggle survey responses from the current data science workforce provided insights into the current generation of data scientists, including how they were trained and what programming and analysis skills they use. b) Data science skills taught in BD" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "07f54d1cb2e96bc062c55121de3f6882", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": "K-funded training programs. A qualitative content analysis was applied to the descriptions of required courses offered under the" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "24349c8054862cb8cbd4d857d096943e", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": "BD" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "caa5fc58a6d57578858155571d5d4f79", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": "K-funded training programs. Each course was coded using qualitative data analysis software, with each skill that was present in the description counted once. The coding schema of data science-related skills was inductively developed and was organized into four major categories: (" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "8b67c1eff9f0e59b2d8a11195bc13ce1", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": ") statistics and math skills; (" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "4b021f7187c84f22e863e931047e2fc2", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": ") computer science; (" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "59e087d0c9fcb1a8cc6d5448ce5fad04", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": ") subject knowledge; (" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "ae19ecd18e97da5a942738ed9c37b235", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": ") general skills, like communication and teamwork. The coding schema is detailed in Appendix A. c) Desired skills identified from data science-related job ads." - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "d14cf7578b76bba89cd14f7c65d27dce", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": "job ads from government (" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "ff8f02c33b45fd488b21342ad816f985", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": "%), academia (" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "7b953c4510d51c8c49bdb1f72208e813", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": "%), industry (" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "b991274d798760827347db84d4c50aed", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": "%), and the nonprofit sector (" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "414960aea6ab87382923424b3cc49a05", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": "%) were sampled from websites like Glassdoor, Linkedin, and Ziprecruiter. The" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "73b8242ab49aacecd5561fc18ea23239", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": "b) Data science skills taught in BD" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "07f54d1cb2e96bc062c55121de3f6882", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": "K-funded training programs. A qualitative content analysis was applied to the descriptions of required courses offered under the" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "24349c8054862cb8cbd4d857d096943e", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": "BD" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "caa5fc58a6d57578858155571d5d4f79", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": "K-funded training programs. Each course was coded using qualitative data analysis software, with each skill that was present in the description counted once. The coding schema of data science-related skills was inductively developed and was organized into four major categories: (" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "8b67c1eff9f0e59b2d8a11195bc13ce1", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": ") statistics and math skills; (" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "4b021f7187c84f22e863e931047e2fc2", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": ") computer science; (" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "59e087d0c9fcb1a8cc6d5448ce5fad04", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": ") subject knowledge; (" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "c865029d7025ef68891ec5c426b9aaa3", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": ") general skills, like communication and teamwork. The coding schema is detailed in Appendix A." - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "844fd770568e8ee833454bfcc3a3340c", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": "Data science skills taught in BD2K-funded training programs. A qualitative content analysis was applied to the descriptions of required courses offered under the 12 BD2K-funded training programs. Each course was coded using qualitative data analysis software, with each skill that was present in the description counted once. The coding schema of data science-related skills was inductively developed and was organized into four major categories: (1) statistics and math skills; (2) computer science; (3) subject knowledge; (4) general skills, like communication and teamwork. The coding schema is detailed in Appendix A." - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "52eeeeac5a03bf69edb6126abb21f1d5", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": "Desired skills identified from data science-related job ads. 59 job ads from government (8.5%), academia (42.4%), industry (33.9%), and the nonprofit sector (15.3%) were sampled from websites like Glassdoor, Linkedin, and Ziprecruiter. The content analysis methodology and coding schema utilized in analyzing the training programs were applied to the job descriptions. Because many job ads mentioned the same skill more than once, each occurrence of the skill was coded, therefore weighting important skills that were mentioned multiple times in a single ad." - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "6a436d034b4636ebebdfee2765d3ac9e", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": "Analysis of the above data provided insights into the current state of biomedical data training, as well as a view into data science-related skills likely to be needed to prepare BDS workforce to succeed in the future. Together, these analyses informed for core skills necessary for a competitive biomedical data scientist." - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "94ba2c5be803a3cb405fc51dada2532d", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": "2 In August 2017, Kaggle conducted an industry-wide survey to gain a clearer picture of the state of data science and machine learning. A standard set of questions were asked of all respondents, with more specific questions related to work for employed data scientists and questions related to learning for data scientists in training. Methodology and results: https://www.kaggle.com/kaggle/kaggle-survey-2017" + "text": "2" } ] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/azure/IRS-form-1987.pdf.json b/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/azure/IRS-form-1987.pdf.json index 7e3e0c4c7..609460052 100644 --- a/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/azure/IRS-form-1987.pdf.json +++ b/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/azure/IRS-form-1987.pdf.json @@ -1,832 +1,22 @@ [ { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "05ca56aec1964bf626b4012a5b4a7c55", + "type": "Image", + "element_id": "19103e5a0aa1adbad07fbcdfa15d3256", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "SERGE EECHE PAW VIMY wuUl VivaInstructions for Form 3115(Rev. November 1987)BP nw wo BE oe oe et a ee fia fl ae ee iw OM ee eee Le ye RA. LL. J" + "text": "ii) Department of the TreasuryInternal Revenue ServiceInstructions for Form 3115(Rev. November 1987)Application for Change in Accounting Method(Section references are to the Internal Revenue Code unless otherwise noted.)Paperwork Reduction Act NoticeWe ask for this information to carry out theInternal Revenue laws of the United States. Weneed it to ensure that taxpayers are complyingwith these laws and to allow us to figure andcollect the right amount of tax. You are requiredto give us this information.General InstructionsPurpose of FormFile this form to request a change in youraccounting method, including the accountingtreatment of any item. If you are requesting achange in accounting period, use Form 1128,Application for Change in Accounting Period. Formore information, see Publication 538,Accounting Periods and Methods.When filing Form 3115, taxpayers arereminded to determine if IRS has published aruling or procedure dealing with the specific typeof change since November 1987 (the currentrevision date of Form 3115),Generally, applicants must complete SectionA. In addition, complete the appropriate sections(B-1 through H) for which a change Is desired.You must give all relevant facts, including adetailed description of your present andproposed methods. You must also state thereason(s) you believe approval to make therequested change should be granted. Attachadditional pages if more space is needed forexplanations. Each page should show your name,address, and identifying number.State whether you desire a conference in theNational Office if the Service proposes todisapprove your application.Changes to Accounting MethodsRequired Under the Tax Reform Actof 1986Uniform capitalization rules and limitation oncash method.—If you are required to changeyour method of accounting under section,263A(relating to the capitalization and inclusion ininventory costs of certain expenses) or 448(limiting the use of the cash method ofaccounting by certain taxpayers) as added by theTax Reform Act of 1986 (“Act”), the change 1streated as initiated by the taxpayer, approved bythe Commissioner, and the period for taking theadjustments under section 481(a) into accountwill not exceed 4 years. (Hospitals required tochange from the cash method under section 448have 10 years to take the adjustrnents intoaccount.) Complete Section A and theappropriate sections (B-1 or C and D) for whichthe change is required.Disregard the instructions under Time andPlace for Filing and Late Applications. Instead,attach Form 3115 to your income tax return forthe year of change; do not file it separately. Alsoinclude on a separate statement accompanyingthe Form 3115 the period over which the section481(a) adjustment will be taken into account andthe basis for that conclusion. Identify theautomatic change being made at the top of page1 of Form 3115 (e.g., “Automatic Change toAccrual Method—Section 448\"). See TemporaryRegulations sections 1.263A-1T and 1.448-1Tfor additional information.Long-term contracts. —If you are required tochange your method of accounting for long-termcontracts under section 460, see Notice 87-61(9/21/87), 1987-38 IRB 40, for the notificationprocedures that must be followed.Other methods.—Unless the Service haspublished a regulation or procedure to thecontrary, all other changes !n accountingmethods required by the Act are automaticallyconsidered to be approved by the Commissioner.Examples of method changes automaticallyapproved by the Commissioner are those changesrequired to effect: (1) the repeal of the reservemethod for bad debts of taxpayers other thanfinancial institutions (Act section 805); (2) therepeal of the installment method for sales undera revolving credit plan (Act section 812); (3) theInclusion of income attributable to the sale orfurnishing of utility services no later than the yearIn which the services were provided to customers(Act section 821); and (4) the repeal of thededuction for qualified discount coupons (Actsection 823). Do not file Form 3115 for thesechanges.Time and Place for FilingGenerally, applicants must file this form withinthe first 180 days of the tax year in which it isdesired to make the change.Taxpayers, other than exempt organizations,should file Form 3115 with the Commissioner ofInternal Revenue, Attention: CC:C:4, 1111Constitution Avenue, NW, Washington, DC20224, Exempt organizations should file with theAssistant Commissioner (Employee Plans andExempt Organizations), 1111 ConstitutionAvenue, NW, Washington, DC 20224.You should normally receive anacknowledgment of receipt of your applicationwithin 30 days. If you do not hear from IRS within30 days of submitting your completed Form3115, you may inquire as to the receipt of yourapplication by writing to: Control Clerk, CC:C:4,Internal Revenue Service, Room 5040, 1111Constitution Avenue, NW, Washington, DC20224.See section 5.03 of Rev. Proc. 84-74 for filingan early application.Note: /f this form is being filed in accordancewith Rev. Proc. 74-11, see Section G below.Late ApplicationsIf your application is filed after the 180-dayperiod, it is late. The application will beconsidered for processing only upon a showing of“good cause” and if it can be shown to thesatisfaction of the Commissioner that grantingyou an extension will not jeopardize theGovernment's interests. For further information,see Rev, Proc. 79-63.Identifying NumberIndividuals.—An individual should enter his orher social security number in this block. If theapplication is made on behalf of a husband andwife who file their income tax return jointly, enterthe social security numbers of both.Others.-—The employer identification number ofan applicant other than an individual should beentered in this block.SignatureIndividuals. —An individual desiring the changeshould sign the application. If the applicationpertains to a husband and wife filing a jointincome tax return, the names of both shouldappear in the heading and both should sign.Partnerships.—The form should be signed withthe partnership name followed by the signatureof one of the general partners and the words“General Partner.”Corporations, cooperatives, and insurancecompanies.—The form should show the name ofthe corporation, cooperative, or insurancecompany and the signature of the president, vicepresident, treasurer, assistant treasurer, or chiefaccounting officer (such as tax officer) authorizedto sign, and his or her official title. Receivers,trustees, or assignees must sign any applicationthey are required to file. For a subsidiarycorporation filing a consolidated return with itsparent, the form should be signed by an officer ofthe parent corporation.Fiduciaries.—The-form should show the nameof the estate or trust and be signed by thefiduciary, personal representative, executor,executrix, administrator, administratrix, etc.,having legal authority to sign, and his or her title.Preparer other than partner, officer, etc.—Thesignature of the individual preparing theapplication should appear in the space providedon page 6.If the individual or firm is also authorized torepresent the applicant before the IRS, receivea copy of the requested ruling, or perform anyother act(s), the power of attorney must reflectsuch authorization(s).Affiliated GroupsTaxpayers that are members of an affiliatedgroup filing a consolidated return that seeks tochange to the same accounting method for morethan one member of the group must file aseparate Form 3115 for each such member,Specific InstructionsSection AItem 5a, page 1.—“Taxable income or (loss)from operations” is to be entered beforeapplication of any net operating loss deductionunder section 172(a).Item 6, page 2.—The term “gross receipts”includes total sales (net of returns andallowances) and all amounts received forservices. In addition, gross receipts include anyincome from investments and from incidental oroutside sources (e.g., interest, dividends, rents,royalties, and annuities). However, if you are aresaler of personal property, exclude from grossreceipts any amounts not derived in the ordinarycourse of a trade or business. Gross receipts donot include amounts received for sales taxes if,under the applicable state or local law, the tax islegally imposed on the purchaser of the good orservice, and the taxpayer merely collects andremits the tax to the taxing authority.Item 7b, page 2.—If item 7b 1s “Yes,” indicateon a separate sheet the following for eachseparate trade or business: Nature of business" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "4a17cc01a68e2bf011ba1458d70f369a", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 1 - }, - "text": "Application for Change in Accounting Method" - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "766cf1d1243ef2cdbb0db5ad32d7f9c9", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 1 - }, - "text": "(Section references are to the Internal Revenue Code unless otherwise noted.)" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "e8d040fcadaf595b3624579225028b80", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 1 - }, - "text": "Long-term contracts. —If you are required tochange your method of accounting for long-termcontracts under section" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "ac843848ae2f4c656203dee90cdc207c", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 1 - }, - "text": ", see Notice" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "3973e022e93220f9212c18d0d0c543ae", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 1 - }, - "text": "-" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "32ebb1abcc1c601ceb9c4e3c4faba0ca", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 1 - }, - "text": "(" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "8a5edab282632443219e051e4ade2d1d", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 1 - }, - "text": "/" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "8a5edab282632443219e051e4ade2d1d", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 1 - }, - "text": "/" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "bb01c44bd646ab29df9cea6459a3499b", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 1 - }, - "text": ")," - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "3973e022e93220f9212c18d0d0c543ae", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 1 - }, - "text": "-" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "29b33c1e0aea8247e6576bd9ad14448e", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 1 - }, - "text": "IRB" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "64b044a845d6a903604d0edc68d5c8d1", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 1 - }, - "text": ", for the notificationprocedures that must be followed.Other methods.—Unless the Service haspublished a regulation or procedure to thecontrary, all other changes !n accountingmethods required by the Act are automaticallyconsidered to be approved by the Commissioner.Examples of method changes automaticallyapproved by the Commissioner are those changesrequired to effect: (" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "aed90f3480456a62ac47f6cf5c5e526a", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 1 - }, - "text": ") the repeal of the reservemethod for bad debts of taxpayers other thanfinancial institutions (Act section" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "fd0f38844b9901d3a4e7c44630346145", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 1 - }, - "text": "); (" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "fdf216c15df57c2716f392d4cc8b2fbe", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 1 - }, - "text": ") therepeal of the installment method for sales undera revolving credit plan (Act section" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "fd0f38844b9901d3a4e7c44630346145", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 1 - }, - "text": "); (" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "4df2762fd804bd5859df0774d1d51796", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 1 - }, - "text": ") th" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "6ea7ec2e8449de6c5c662bb59e333fa7", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 1 - }, - "text": "nclusion of income attributable to the sale orfurnishing of utility services no later than the yea" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "2a639c819f6663cf3a9940f3528b3205", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 1 - }, - "text": "n which the services were provided to customers(Act section" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "25d6eaf57eebce49267b71ce2f347a03", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 1 - }, - "text": "); and (" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "1a278d181295c8d1b6bfd86baca09eaf", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 1 - }, - "text": ") the repeal of thededuction for qualified discount coupons (Actsection" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "e9d9ab5eb5ff32a31a32bda940a33b7a", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 1 - }, - "text": "). Do not file Form" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "e9cae276abe56d0cb30fcf798f0c134e", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 1 - }, - "text": "for thesechanges." - }, - { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "61ed58fa51293f429f87e8cf1896c9e4", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 1 - }, - "text": "Paperwork Reduction Act Notice" - }, - { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "f1a73e2204a114077f988c9da98d7f8b", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 1 - }, - "text": "Signature" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "d4b18f9d6e11f561661bef4f8bc5fb7c", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 1 - }, - "text": "Signatur" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "6e9dc7d49fe15e842fbd7373af8d020a", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 1 - }, - "text": "ndividuals. —An individual desiring the changeshould sign the application. If the applicationpertains to a husband and wife filing a jointincome tax return, the names of both shouldappear in the heading and both should sign.Partnerships.—The form should be signed withthe partnership name followed by the signatureof one of the general partners and the words“General Partner.”Corporations, cooperatives, and insurancecompanies.—The form should show the name ofthe corporation, cooperative, or insurancecompany and the signature of the president, vicepresident, treasurer, assistant treasurer, or chiefaccounting officer (such as tax officer) authorizedto sign, and his or her official title. Receivers,trustees, or assignees must sign any applicationthey are required to file. For a subsidiarycorporation filing a consolidated return with itsparent, the form should be signed by an officer ofthe parent corporation.Fiduciaries.—The-form should show the nameof the estate or trust and be signed by thefiduciary, personal representative, executor,executrix, administrator, administratrix, etc.,having legal authority to sign, and his or her title.Preparer other than partner, officer, etc.—Thesignature of the individual preparing theapplication should appear in the space providedon page" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "586e989b479e4362ebe28a6954c1427b", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 1 - }, - "text": "If the individual or firm is also authorized to" - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "989ff7b05e9807cf0865ac828552f045", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 1 - }, - "text": "We ask for this information to carry out theInternal Revenue laws of the United States. Weneed it to ensure that taxpayers are complyingwith these laws and to allow us to figure andcollect the right amount of tax. You are requiredto give us this information." - }, - { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "a1547a4ed1611eee44b15e99120fb978", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 1 - }, - "text": "General Instructions" - }, - { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "68a3289177b49b285e133a5267eb355f", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 1 - }, - "text": "Purpose of Form" - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "4a52253d27bd51d65285045e1e3e3cf1", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 1 - }, - "text": "Generally, applicants must complete SectionA. In addition, complete the appropriate sections(B-1 through H) for which a change Is desired.Vinee mised evissn all palecsninte Sante ime!" - }, - { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "5756fb398995bb6518a87637f24f426e", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 1 - }, - "text": "Time and Place for Filing" - }, - { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "476eb0569b23e73460f08455530f0d4b", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 1 - }, - "text": "Generally, applicants must file this form withinthe first 180 days of the tax year in which it isdesired to make the change." - }, - { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "71b6d7f72c57641ea91dd411abdc9959", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 1 - }, - "text": "MIT RGSSIf the individual or firm is also authorized torepresent the applicant before the IRS, receivea copy of the requested ruling, or perform anyother act(s), the power of attorney must reflectsuch authorization(s)." - }, - { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "8b06cd6e2bf7fc15130d5d9ed7e66283", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 1 - }, - "text": "Affiliated Groups" - }, - { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "cd746731c7a892b0087828c0801c022b", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 1 - }, - "text": "Changes to Accounting MethodsRequired Under the Tax Reform Actof 1986" - }, - { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "f0a757884fb918f704c1d90b762f5894", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 1 - }, - "text": "Specific InstructionsSection A" - }, - { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "d1e074ec4e3a00f9e646b34b3ff94101", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 1 - }, - "text": "GIL SGNTY GRPNVaNUT.Note: /f this form is being filed in accordancewith Rev. Proc. 74-11, see Section G below." - }, - { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "a4316c02df07840f1beb56609cb09735", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 1 - }, - "text": "Late Applications" - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "6e1d51f920ee67d5cfb7a2600d4cb494", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 1 - }, - "text": "Disregard the instructions under Time andPlace for Filing and Late Applications. Instead,attach Form 3115 to your income tax return forthe year of change; do not file it separately. Alsoinclude on a separate statement accompanyingthe Form 3115 the period over which the section481(a) adjustment will be taken into account andthe basis for that conclusion. Identify the" - }, - { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "025a65465b6fd9635316e92633b24c7e", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 1 - }, - "text": "Identifying Number" - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "e054f522926ec7602c8380a8d7eb3296", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 1 - }, - "text": "Others.-—The employer identification number ofan applicant other than an individual should beentered in this block." - }, - { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "8d6743276d5bc8e32d0b05ba0b232db8", + "type": "Image", + "element_id": "459b00e95c310e2454a7d3dc1bd80f84", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "Section E" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "dfca5da56b8cdb627309e2aa5a45e17b", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": "Section" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "f27e09e405abe4f2f2a9a28fad38974d", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": "(f) provides that the term “long-terncontract” means any contract for themanufacturing, building, installation, orconstruction of property that is not completedwithin the tax year in which it" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "cf29164f7821b3a6775b230f5e247551", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": "s entered into.However, a manufacturing contract will notqualify as a long-term contract unless thecontract involves the manufacture of: (" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "dd39fef35cb957547bd3efad8b3d6557", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": ") aunique item not normally included in yourfinished goods inventory, or (" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "ae214de0f0455b7dc7212c1f815d65d4", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": ") any item thatnormally requires more than" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "0fda0b69a885bf1425cddd8675d70be1", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": "calendar monthto complete." - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "c6b3c248ee1c921f6196a7e5cd870d67", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": "(1) Gives your best estimate of the percentageof the section 481(a) adjustment that would havebeen required if the requested change had beenmade for each of the 3 preceding years; andVAN C." - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "99618a049629ef4f50aeafc1a365ad75", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": "AMM RIM AIAll long-term contracts entered into afte" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "f7ca8476d7c8a3ac84efbd8699f97f87", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": "ebruary" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "d03502c43d74a30b936740a9517dc4ea", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": "," - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "b60ab3f42291035b6184fde93a3b9230", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": ", except for real propertyconstruction contracts expected to be completedwithin" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "93bcd9d786ff021bed0fe0c9d71fc976", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": "years by contractors whose averageannual gross receipts for the" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "9ff4779aaab33521b8398aeb72f613c0", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": "prior tax years donot exceed $" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "d03502c43d74a30b936740a9517dc4ea", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": "," - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "d03502c43d74a30b936740a9517dc4ea", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": "," - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "1e970967cee7e2aa31666b6108587f35", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": ", must be accounted forusing either the percentage of completion-capitalized cost method or the percentage ofcompletion method. See section" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "070baf413b0aca84064c63f5afaf041e", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": "Caution: At the time these instructions wereprinted, Congress was considering legislation thatwould repeal the use of the percentage ofcompletion-capitalized cost method for certainlong-term contracts." - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "6db00b1816c20e862ee46d0de12e17fa", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": "—_———eeeerorT eeeSee section 5.06(2) of Rev. Proc. 84-74 for therequired perjury statement that must beattached." - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "db1cb1f9a7219a27df1875b2cfd5475c", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": "TE RIG TINEME FN eke!Item 13, page 2.—Insert the actual number oftax years. Use of the term “since inception” 1s notacceptable. However, “more than 6 years” Isacceptable." - }, - { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "53e33d10c9df4a570490182ccef0cd95", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": "Section C" - }, - { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "136a59b0c53731bc299206fda46e0888", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": "Section B-1" - }, - { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "32786e68a6fd82dc356d2d58bf283dc4", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": "Section G" - }, - { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "f63f53aab435b8c9789ab7d6b982db3f", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": "Sections B-2 and B-3" - }, - { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "6ccbf93cd42f38f04abdba8a103c8350", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": "Limitation on the Use of the Cash Method ofAccounting. —Except as provided below, C" - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "851830b0996c633165de287a96eb0aa4", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": "corporations, partnerships with a C corporationas a partner, and tax shelters may not use thecash method of accounting. For purposes of thislimitation, a trust subject to the tax on unrelatedbusiness income under section 511 1s treated asaC corporation with respect to its unrelated tradeor business activities." - }, - { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "a8155ab3bed92cc259ab58331619e0e1", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": "Section H" - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "54f2708b4cfb39e6586ec74244fe7f1e", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": "The limitation on the use of the cash method(except for tax shelters) does not apply to—" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "ca6f93345af1b79e8253b00b046b4403", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": "LEXCEPt TOF Lax SNENETS) GOES NOL apply LO-——(" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "daaf36cd7c9f373f7192a7f76716cfc4", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": ") Farming businesses.—F or this purpose,the term “farming business”" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "ff9c1c0798a1d593d7b89253052fc17f", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": "s defined in section" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "cac62e982bd6f2fdde9219ae1aff4c92", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": "A(e)(" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "920fa4651462da72706415162fc8bc85", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": "), but it also includes the raising,harvesting, or growing of trees to which section" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "7c2c864009e421aecec36fd061644f50", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": "A(c)(" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "b4537ecf064e370911fbd07081bd5bc7", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": ") applies. Notwithstanding thisexception, section" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "883d3cfcbe67e5a5f2ba5cf430c5129e", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": "requires certain Ccorporations and partnerships with a Ccorporation as a partner to use the accrualmethod.YAN Nal find maccamalpnansan pnenapapiocna" - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "1fbc7ab18ebbfd6edfcbe19b4d5a84cd", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": "If you are making an election under section458, show the applicable information underRegulations section 1.458-10." - }, - { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "92e21a61e1d872dbbe3e3221a920b409", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": "Section D" - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "3e5744a95d40d31aed481a28b3859577", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": "(2) Qualified personal service corporations. —A “qualified personal service corporation” is anycorporation: (a) substantially all of the activitiesof which involve the performance of services inthe fields of health, law, engineering," + "text": "(manufacturing, retailer, wholesaler, etc.),employer identification number, overall methodof accounting, and whether, in the last 6 years,that business has changed its accountingmethod, or is also changing its accountingmethod as part of this request or as a separaterequest.Item 11, page 2.—If you cannot provide therequested information, you may sign a statementunder penalties of perjury that:(1) Gives your best estimate of the percentageof the section 481(a) adjustment that would havebeen required if the requested change had beenmade for each of the 3 preceding years; and(2) Explains in detail why you cannot providethe requested information.See section 5.06(2) of Rev. Proc. 84-74 for therequired perjury statement that must beattached.If IRS later examines your return for the year ofthe change or for later years, it has the right toverify your statement at that time.Item 13, page 2.—Insert the actual number oftax years. Use of the term “since inception” 1s notacceptable. However, “more than 6 years” Isacceptable.Section B-1Item 1b, page 2.—Include any amountsreported as income ina prior year although theincome had not been accrued (earned) orreceived in the prior year; for example, discounton installment loans reported as income for theyear in which the loans were made instead of forthe year or years in which the income wasreceived or earned. Advance payments underRev. Proc. 71-21 or Regulations section 1.451-5must be fully explained and all pertinentinformation must be submitted with thisapplication.Sections B-2 and B-3Limitation on the Use of the Cash Method ofAccounting. —Except as provided below, Ccorporations, partnerships with a C corporationas a partner, and tax shelters may not use thecash method of accounting. For purposes of thislimitation, a trust subject to the tax on unrelatedbusiness income under section 511 1s treated asaC corporation with respect to its unrelated tradeor business activities.The limitation on the use of the cash method(except for tax shelters) does not apply to—(1) Farming businesses.—F or this purpose,the term “farming business” 1s defined in section263A(e)(4), but it also includes the raising,harvesting, or growing of trees to which section263A(c)(5) applies. Notwithstanding thisexception, section 447 requires certain Ccorporations and partnerships with a Ccorporation as a partner to use the accrualmethod.(2) Qualified personal service corporations. —A “qualified personal service corporation” is anycorporation: (a) substantially all of the activitiesof which involve the performance of services inthe fields of health, law, engineering,architecture, accounting, actuarial science,performing arts, or consulting, and (b)substantially all of the stock of which is owned byemployees performing the services, retiredemployees who had performed the services, anyestate of any individual who had performed theservices listed above, or any person who acquiredstock of the corporation as a result of the death ofan employee or retiree described above if theacquisition occurred within 2 years of death.(3) Entities with gross receipts of $5,000,000or less. —To qualify for this exception, the Ccorporation's or partnership’s annual averagegross receipts for the three years ending with theprior tax year may not exceed $5,000,000. If thecorporation or partnership was not in existencefor the entire 3-year period, the period ofexistence is used to determine whether thecorporation or partnership qualifies. If any taxyear in the 3-year period is a short tax year, thecorporation or partnership must annualize thegross receipts by multiplying the gross receipts by12 and dividing the result by the number ofmonths in the short period.For more information, see section 448 andTemporary Regulations section 1.448-1T.Section CApplicants must give complete details about thepresent method of valuing inventory and theproposed method. State whether all or part ofyour inventory ts involved in the change.Inventories of retail merchants.—The retailmethod of pricing inventories does notcontemplate valuation of goods at the retailselling price. The retail selling price of goods onhand must be reduced to approximate cost orcost or market, whichever Is lower, by theadjustments required in Regulations section1.471-8.LIFO inventory changes.—Attach a schedulewith all the required computations whenchanging the method of figuring LIFO inventories.If you are changing from LIFO to a non-LIFOmethod, attach a schedule with the followingadditional information:(1) The specific types and classes of goods inthe LIFO inventories involved in the proposedchanges and the comparative value of suchInventories as of the end of the tax year precedingthe year of change determined by: (a) the LIFOmethod, and (b) the proposed method and basis(such as FIFO cost or lower of cost or market).(2) State whether the proposed identificationand valuation methods conform to the inventorymethod currently used with respect to non-LIFOInventories, if any, or how such method isotherwise consistent with Regulations section1.4726.(3) The termination event statement requiredby section 5.10 of Rev. Proc. 84-74 and anexplanation if there has been a termination event.Section DApplicants requesting to change their method ofvaluing property produced, property acquired forresale, or long-term contracts under section263A or 460 MUST complete section D showingthe treatment under both the present andproposed methods.% U.S. Government Printing Office: 1987—201-993/60166Section ESection 460(f) provides that the term “long-termcontract” means any contract for themanufacturing, building, installation, orconstruction of property that is not completedwithin the tax year in which it 1s entered into.However, a manufacturing contract will notqualify as a long-term contract unless thecontract involves the manufacture of: (1) aunique item not normally included in yourfinished goods inventory, or (2) any item thatnormally requires more than 12 calendar monthsto complete.All long-term contracts entered into afterFebruary 28, 1986, except for real propertyconstruction contracts expected to be completedwithin 2 years by contractors whose averageannual gross receipts for the 3 prior tax years donot exceed $10,000,000, must be accounted forusing either the percentage of completion-capitalized cost method or the percentage ofcompletion method. See section 460.Caution: At the time these instructions wereprinted, Congress was considering legislation thatwould repeal the use of the percentage ofcompletion-capitalized cost method for certainlong-term contracts.Section GThis section Is to be used only to request achange in a method of accounting fordepreciation under section 167.Rev. Proc. 74-11 provides a procedurewhereby applicants are considered to haveobtained the consent of the Commissioner tochange their method of accounting fordepreciation. You must file Form 3115 with theService Center where your return will be filedwithin the first 180 days of the tax year in whichit is desired to make the change. Attach a copy ofthe form to the income tax return for the tax yearof the change.Note: Do not use Form 3115 to make an electionunder section 168. Such an election may bemade only on the tax return for the year in whichthe property 1s placed in service. In addition,Form 3115 is not to be used to request approvalto revoke an election made under section 168.Such a request must be made in accordance withRev. Proc. 87-1 (updated annually).Section HGenerally, this section should be used forrequesting changes In a method of accounting forwhich provision has not been made elsewhere onthis form. Attach additional pages if more spacets needed for a full explanation of the presentmethod used and the proposed changerequested.If you are making an election under section458, show the applicable information underRegulations section 1.458-10." } ] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/azure/IRS-form-1987.png.json b/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/azure/IRS-form-1987.png.json index 19e30865f..67312ec63 100644 --- a/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/azure/IRS-form-1987.png.json +++ b/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/azure/IRS-form-1987.png.json @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ "filetype": "image/png", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "Instructions for Form 3115\n(Rev. November 1987)\n\nAnnlicatinn far Chance in Accounting Mathond\n" + "text": "Instructions for Form 3115 (Rev. November 1987) Annlicatinn far Chance in Accounting Mathond" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", @@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ "filetype": "image/png", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "(Section references are to the Internal Revenue Code unless otherwise noted.)\n" + "text": "(Section references are to the Internal Revenue Code unless otherwise noted.)" }, { "type": "ListItem", @@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ "filetype": "image/png", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "Long-term contracts.—If you are required to\nchange your method of accounting for long-term\ncontracts under section" + "text": "Long-term contracts.—If you are required to change your method of accounting for long-term contracts under section" }, { "type": "ListItem", @@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ "filetype": "image/png", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": ", for the notification\nprocedures that must be followed.\n\nOther methods. —Unless the Service has\npublished a regulation or procedure to the\ncontrary, all other changes in accounting\nmethods required by the Act are automatically\nconsidered to be approved by the Commissioner.\nExamples of method changes automatically\napproved by the Commissioner are those changes\nrequired to effect: (" + "text": ", for the notification procedures that must be followed. Other methods. —Unless the Service has published a regulation or procedure to the contrary, all other changes in accounting methods required by the Act are automatically considered to be approved by the Commissioner. Examples of method changes automatically approved by the Commissioner are those changes required to effect: (" }, { "type": "ListItem", @@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ "filetype": "image/png", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": ") the repeal of the reserve\nmethod for bad debts of taxpayers other than\nfinancial institutions (Act section" + "text": ") the repeal of the reserve method for bad debts of taxpayers other than financial institutions (Act section" }, { "type": "ListItem", @@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ "filetype": "image/png", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": ") the\nrepeal of the installment method for sales under\na revolving credit plan (Act section" + "text": ") the repeal of the installment method for sales under a revolving credit plan (Act section" }, { "type": "ListItem", @@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ "filetype": "image/png", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": ") the\nInclusion of mcome attributable to the sale or\nfurnishing of utility services no later than the year\nin which the services were provided to customers\n(Act section" + "text": ") the Inclusion of mcome attributable to the sale or furnishing of utility services no later than the year in which the services were provided to customers (Act section" }, { "type": "ListItem", @@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ "filetype": "image/png", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": ") the repeal of the\ndeduction for qualified discount coupons (Act\nsection" + "text": ") the repeal of the deduction for qualified discount coupons (Act section" }, { "type": "ListItem", @@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ "filetype": "image/png", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "for these\nchanges.\n\nTb od Db bee Cl" + "text": "for these changes. Tb od Db bee Cl" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", @@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ "filetype": "image/png", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "Long-term contracts.—If you are required to\nchange your method of accounting for long-term\ncontracts under section 460, see Notice 87-61\n(9/21/87), 1987-38 IRB 40, for the notification\nprocedures that must be followed\n" + "text": "Long-term contracts.—If you are required to change your method of accounting for long-term contracts under section 460, see Notice 87-61 (9/21/87), 1987-38 IRB 40, for the notification procedures that must be followed" }, { "type": "Title", @@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ "filetype": "image/png", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "Paperwork Reduction Act Notice\n\nWe ack for thic infarenatinn te marry mye the.\n" + "text": "Paperwork Reduction Act Notice We ack for thic infarenatinn te marry mye the." }, { "type": "Title", @@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ "filetype": "image/png", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "Signature\ntea\n\n" + "text": "Signature tea" }, { "type": "ListItem", @@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ "filetype": "image/png", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "Signature\n\nIndividuals.—An individual desiring the change\nshould sign the application. Ifthe application\npertains to a husband and wife filing a joint\nIncome tax return, the names of both should\nappear in the heading and both should sign\nPartnerships.—The form should be signed with\nthe partnership name followed by the signature\nof one of the general partners and the words\n“General Partner.”\nCorporations, cooperatives, and insurance\ncompanies.—The form should show the name of\nthe corporation, cooperative, or insurance\nCompany and the signature of the president, vice\npresident, treasurer, assistant treasurer, or chief\naccounting officer (such as tax officer) authorized\ntosign, and his or her official title. Receivers,\ntrustees, or assignees must sign any application\nthey are required to file, For a subsidiary\ncorporation filing a consolidated return with its\nparent, the form should be signed by an officer of\nthe parent corporation,\nFiduciaries.—The-form should show the name\nof the estate or trust and be signed by the\nfiduciary, personal representative, executor,\nexecutrix, administrator, administratrx, etc’,\nhaving legal authority to'sign, and his or her ttle.\nPreparer other than partner, officer, etc.—The\nsignature of the individual preparing the\napplication should appear in the space provided\non page" + "text": "Signature Individuals.—An individual desiring the change should sign the application. Ifthe application pertains to a husband and wife filing a joint Income tax return, the names of both should appear in the heading and both should sign Partnerships.—The form should be signed with the partnership name followed by the signature of one of the general partners and the words “General Partner.” Corporations, cooperatives, and insurance companies.—The form should show the name of the corporation, cooperative, or insurance Company and the signature of the president, vice president, treasurer, assistant treasurer, or chief accounting officer (such as tax officer) authorized tosign, and his or her official title. Receivers, trustees, or assignees must sign any application they are required to file, For a subsidiary corporation filing a consolidated return with its parent, the form should be signed by an officer of the parent corporation, Fiduciaries.—The-form should show the name of the estate or trust and be signed by the fiduciary, personal representative, executor, executrix, administrator, administratrx, etc’, having legal authority to'sign, and his or her ttle. Preparer other than partner, officer, etc.—The signature of the individual preparing the application should appear in the space provided on page" }, { "type": "ListItem", @@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ "filetype": "image/png", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "We ask for this information to carry out the\nInternal Revenue laws of the United States. We\nneed it to ensure that taxpayers are complying\nwith these laws an¢ to allow us to figure and\n\ncollect the right amount of tax. You are required\nto give us this information,\n" + "text": "We ask for this information to carry out the Internal Revenue laws of the United States. We need it to ensure that taxpayers are complying with these laws an¢ to allow us to figure and collect the right amount of tax. You are required to give us this information," }, { "type": "Title", @@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ "filetype": "image/png", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "General Instructions\n\n" + "text": "General Instructions" }, { "type": "Title", @@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ "filetype": "image/png", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "Purpose of Form\n\nCin bce Secon te cece cget.\n" + "text": "Purpose of Form Cin bce Secon te cece cget." }, { "type": "NarrativeText", @@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ "filetype": "image/png", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "ee\n\nFile this form to request a change in your\naccounting method, including the accounting\ntreatment of any item. if you are requesting 2\nchange in accounting period, use Form 1128,\nApplication for Change in Accounting Period. For\nmore information, see Publication 538,\nAccounting Periods and Methods,\n" + "text": "ee File this form to request a change in your accounting method, including the accounting treatment of any item. if you are requesting 2 change in accounting period, use Form 1128, Application for Change in Accounting Period. For more information, see Publication 538, Accounting Periods and Methods," }, { "type": "NarrativeText", @@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ "filetype": "image/png", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "Seti aes\n\nWhen filing Form 3115, taxpayers are\nreminded to determine if IRS has published a\nruling or procedure dealing with the specific type\nof change since November 1987 (the current.\nrevision date of Form 3115)\n\n" + "text": "Seti aes When filing Form 3115, taxpayers are reminded to determine if IRS has published a ruling or procedure dealing with the specific type of change since November 1987 (the current. revision date of Form 3115)" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", @@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ "filetype": "image/png", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "POMS SANE OPFOR DA 29).\nGenerally, applicants must complete Section\n\n‘A. In addition, complete the appropriate sections\n\n(B:1 through H) for which a change is desired.\n\nYou must give alll relevant facts, including a\n\n" + "text": "POMS SANE OPFOR DA 29). Generally, applicants must complete Section ‘A. In addition, complete the appropriate sections (B:1 through H) for which a change is desired. You must give alll relevant facts, including a" }, { "type": "Title", @@ -327,7 +327,7 @@ "filetype": "image/png", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "Time and Place for Filing\namarall, ammlimeete maet file snete\n" + "text": "Time and Place for Filing amarall, ammlimeete maet file snete" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", @@ -337,7 +337,7 @@ "filetype": "image/png", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "Se NB ON\n\nState whether you desire a conference in the\nNational Office if the Service proposes to\ndisapprove your application.\n\n" + "text": "Se NB ON State whether you desire a conference in the National Office if the Service proposes to disapprove your application." }, { "type": "Title", @@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ "filetype": "image/png", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "Affiliated Groups\n\nTavmayare that ara mam)\n\n" + "text": "Affiliated Groups Tavmayare that ara mam)" }, { "type": "Title", @@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ "filetype": "image/png", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "Changes to Accounting Methods\nRequired Under the Tax Reform Act\nof 1986\n" + "text": "Changes to Accounting Methods Required Under the Tax Reform Act of 1986" }, { "type": "Title", @@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ "filetype": "image/png", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "Uniform capitalization rules and limitation on\ncash method.—If you are required to char\n\n" + "text": "Uniform capitalization rules and limitation on cash method.—If you are required to char" }, { "type": "Title", @@ -377,7 +377,7 @@ "filetype": "image/png", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "Specific Instructions\nSection A\n\nNeem Ea mama 1 !Taeahle inemes\n" + "text": "Specific Instructions Section A Neem Ea mama 1 !Taeahle inemes" }, { "type": "Title", @@ -387,7 +387,7 @@ "filetype": "image/png", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "Late Applications\n\nMe coup armlimatinm te ler\n" + "text": "Late Applications Me coup armlimatinm te ler" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", @@ -397,7 +397,7 @@ "filetype": "image/png", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "lethal elaine bela\n\nDisregard the instructions under Time and\nPlace for Filing and Late Applications. instead,\nattach Form 3115 to your income tax return for\nthe year of change; do not file it separately. Also\ninclude on a separate statement accompanying\nthe Form 3115 the period over which the section\n481(2) adjustment will be taken into account and\nthe basis for that conclusion. Identify the\n" + "text": "lethal elaine bela Disregard the instructions under Time and Place for Filing and Late Applications. instead, attach Form 3115 to your income tax return for the year of change; do not file it separately. Also include on a separate statement accompanying the Form 3115 the period over which the section 481(2) adjustment will be taken into account and the basis for that conclusion. Identify the" }, { "type": "Title", @@ -407,7 +407,7 @@ "filetype": "image/png", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "Identifying Number\n\nNdiuidesale Am omptisoehesal\n" + "text": "Identifying Number Ndiuidesale Am omptisoehesal" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", @@ -417,6 +417,6 @@ "filetype": "image/png", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "—e—e—— eee\nOthers.-—The employer identification number of\nan applicant other than an individual should be\nentered in this block,\n" + "text": "—e—e—— eee Others.-—The employer identification number of an applicant other than an individual should be entered in this block," } ] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/biomed-api/65/11/main.PMC6312790.pdf.json b/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/biomed-api/65/11/main.PMC6312790.pdf.json index 53232ff4f..778054dbf 100644 --- a/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/biomed-api/65/11/main.PMC6312790.pdf.json +++ b/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/biomed-api/65/11/main.PMC6312790.pdf.json @@ -1,6 +1,16 @@ [ { - "type": "FigureCaption", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "c1f4b5ba045830c1866db8f8aa0b54ac", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "Data in Brief 22 (2019) 451–457" + }, + { + "type": "Image", "element_id": "70d50409ea726a2789ebbd004bec31f4", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, @@ -10,18 +20,38 @@ "text": "Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Data in Brief journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/dib" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "0ca3f075fdccf9232449ff461b63ceb9", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "869adddb184177031536477262e0dde0", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/dib" + "text": "Contents lists available at ScienceDirect" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "e6fa42b5b4d85001b900e47c050b645b", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "Data in Brief" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "ac01687ab870e4bb6e7313db4654928a", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "Data Article" }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "9ad2f78909544aa8ddb755f6fcc7db7d", + "element_id": "9ce2527454e3b72c1ba73e179779361d", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -31,87 +61,177 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "5785aecdfd5bc21339f3c9d9f12c304f", + "element_id": "4f14d967ea87a75ad1acee27ff34e59e", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "Sanni , Abimbola Patricia I. Popoola" + "text": "Omotayo Sanni n, Abimbola Patricia I. Popoola" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "16f1f7cb4f330a7f4ded9c3befa2c1d2", + "element_id": "cb64167b76eb9bc1d0dc4771969a3724", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "Department of Chemical, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Tshwane University of Pretoria, South Africa" + "text": "Department of Chemical, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "b773a7d177a437256c278b181aa9ca4c", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "a r t i c l e i n f o" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "c7a4fe86f59a75da88b2dfc910b49d1b", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "a b s t r a c t" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "66fd3262abfb07b2f7c2f8f29b69be94", + "element_id": "26c73759c3d3cc29d683910c034432da", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "This data article contains data related to the research article entitled “enhanced corrosion resistance of stainless steel Type 316 in sulphuric acid solution using eco-friendly waste product” (Sanni et al., 2018). In this data article, a comprehensive effect of waste product and optimized process parameter of the inhibitor in 0.5M H SO solution was presented using weight loss and potentiody- 2 4 namic polarization techniques. The presence of the inhibitor (egg shell powder) influenced corrosion resistance of stainless steel. Inhibition efficiency value of 94.74% was recorded as a result of inhibition of the steel by the ionized molecules of the inhibiting compound of the egg shell powder influencing the redox mechan- ism reactions responsible for corrosion and surface deterioration." + "text": "This data article contains data related to the research article entitled “enhanced corrosion resistance of stainless steel Type 316 in sulphuric acid solution using eco-friendly waste product” (Sanni et al., 2018). In this data article, a comprehensive effect of waste product and optimized process parameter of the inhibitor in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution was presented using weight loss and potentiody- the inhibitor namic polarization techniques. The presence of (egg shell powder) influenced corrosion resistance of stainless steel. Inhibition efficiency value of 94.74% was recorded as a result of inhibition of the steel by the ionized molecules of the inhibiting compound of the egg shell powder influencing the redox mechan- ism reactions responsible for corrosion and surface deterioration." }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "281a2747faf3508f4883e9e00e37b25d", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "4a03002c97925cd9397927ac823369e7", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "& 2018 Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license" + "text": "Article history: Received 31 August 2018 Received in revised form 17 November 2018 Accepted 27 November 2018 Available online 30 November 2018" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb924", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "08bb309957586c280660c11c337dc6d7", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "" + "text": "Keywords: Corrosion Stainless steel Inhibitor Sulphuric acid" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "188408ad3575b107d0af4a0133f1a1b5", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "229fee1354deea741b25f3cfadd7d11a", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "Subject area Materials engineering More specific subject area Surface science and engineering Type of data Table and figure" + "text": "& 2018 Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)." }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "55c108022a3b82a047cc24812bc106d1", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "5abba9b1f2c341e0b299fa43a90d0e14", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "n Corresponding author. tayo.sanni@yahoo.com; SanniO@tut.ac.za E-mail address: tayo.sanni@yahoo.com (O. Sanni)." + "text": "Specification table" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "30b5af6114bd8cea03b625ca89fa87ae", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "f6e511a70687b4a8980471d7ad4e43ef", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "2352-3409/& 2018 Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)." + "text": "Materials engineering" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "c319051536721a6e2956050d5c91f7cc", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "Table and figure" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "5c2bbc10375fd25df59f3f8d20ba460e", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "n Corresponding author. tayo.sanni@yahoo.com; SanniO@tut.ac.za" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "dd0d5f85acf89172750fbddaee15f458", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "E-mail address: tayo.sanni@yahoo.com (O. Sanni)." + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "bb22b04c9397af9efdd061d18ea431e2", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2018.11.134 2352-3409/& 2018 Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)." + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "8a54dcaa0e2720786903e26e84bd9e93", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 2 + }, + "text": "O. Sanni, A.P.I. Popoola / Data in Brief 22 (2019) 451–457" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "78f135d64d5e1307cac651608256a418", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 2 + }, + "text": "452" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "c38fb56525242f2964b759e2741c1a72", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 2 + }, + "text": "How data were acquired" }, { "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "c6662fe641f1f0ab45f684ccee97e54c", + "element_id": "31579fc81cc53318d42fdeb413c08b20", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -121,37 +241,47 @@ }, { "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "55dc51d39db6443ab6522db8d303dad1", + "element_id": "ab4b981b96a5176610e8eb85866b9c6c", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "M H SO solution of different concentrations of egg shell" + "text": "M H" }, { "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "2ccc2de55494226290e631133b4aa3ee", + "element_id": "db052c8066385d54dc1aa02c83ea6cf6", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "powder. The pre-weighed stainless steel samples were retrieved from the test solutions after every" + "text": "SO" }, { "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "6209f3b19e07552860684157149e843d", + "element_id": "ed735c7e194909033201e216d0a943da", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "h, cleaned appropriately, dried and reweighed. Raw, analyzed The difference between the weight at a given time and the initial weight of the specimen was taken as the weight loss, which was used to calculate the corrosion rate and inhibition efficiency. Inhibitor concentration, exposure time Department of Chemical, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa Data are available within this article O. Sanni, A. P. I. Popoola, and O. S. I. Fayomi, Enhanced corrosion resistance of stainless steel type" + "text": "solution of different concentrations of egg shell powder. The pre-weighed stainless steel samples were retrieved from the test solutions after every" }, { "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "bbfef24d9cc8dbcf8a5a00969fe4e41d", + "element_id": "f772412c7d7864de6602f0ddb4a354f2", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 2 + }, + "text": "h, cleaned appropriately, dried and reweighed. Raw, analyzed The difference between the weight at a given time and the initial weight of the specimen was taken as the weight loss, which was used to calculate the corrosion rate and inhibition efficiency. Inhibitor concentration, exposure time Department of Chemical, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa Data are available within this article O. Sanni, A. P. I. Popoola, and O. S. I. Fayomi, Enhanced corrosion resistance of stainless steel type" + }, + { + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "86318fd3e77437c2a70833288422d1d4", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -190,68 +320,88 @@ "text": "–" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "cf266ec0170d90b71acce47f67d9205f", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "682865ead44e65d8114a497f638af31d", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "O. Sanni, A. P. I. Popoola, and O. S. I. Fayomi, Enhanced corrosion resistance of stainless steel type 316 in sulphuric acid solution using eco-friendly waste product, Results in Physics, 9 (2018) 225–230." + "text": "Data format Experimental factors" }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "19797594cb4854994d4a2a1aa1cf0a22", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "c2e4d97e7f28b2ffd030ad2d8c1b4952", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "Data presented here provide optimum conditions of waste material as inhibitor for stainless Type" + "text": "Experimental features Data source location" }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "582967534d0f909d196b97f9e6921342", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "802e93ca0ff6c12215598c216324f691", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "in" + "text": "Accessibility Related research article" }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "ce0d7237d1165496994a7bb44455523c", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "e63f0ed399f0537c9ffeadfcae3baed6", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "M H SO medium. The given data describe the inhibitive performance" + "text": "Value of the data" }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "4faf182b98b6696e4d8734e28e1f8d22", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "1daeb29ccbc793481f453c7f76b8795b", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "eco-friendly egg shell powder on austenitic stainless steel Type" + "text": "(cid:1) Data presented here provide optimum conditions of waste material as inhibitor for stainless steel Type 316 in 0.5 M H2SO4 medium. The given data describe the inhibitive performance of eco-friendly egg shell powder on austenitic stainless steel Type 316 corrosion in sulphuric acid environment." }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "6f5bb709b99bde79a1fe84ae401e09db", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "7aad924d1c00e3d50bc0c24beb00a9e5", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "corrosion in sulphuric environment. The data obtained for the inhibition of waste product (egg shell powder) on stainless steel Type can be used as basis in determining the inhibitive performance of the same inhibitor in environments. The data can be used to examine the relationship between the process variable as it affect nature of inhibition of metals." + "text": "(cid:1) The data obtained for the inhibition of waste product (egg shell powder) on stainless steel Type 316 can be used as basis in determining the inhibitive performance of the same inhibitor in other environments." + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "22e02f0a5a2c3c9f5c367d82e3c3a56f", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 2 + }, + "text": "(cid:1) The data can be used to examine the relationship between the process variable as it affect the" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "bac901377399a3b058182a21a8f5b7e1", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 2 + }, + "text": "nature of inhibition of metals." }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "c2b2b778d53cc9a1cb4dc340476bc5aa", + "element_id": "1c3f3de4e65aae5bd147f84779712a65", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -261,83 +411,703 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "07a004d6f4e4bd2c46007345c5ee4366", + "element_id": "5034c7315aface0b263361d0eae1dd15", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "The results of the experiment are presented in this session. The results obtained from weight loss method for stainless steel Type 316 immersed in 0.5 M H SO solution in the absence and presence of 2 4 different concentrations of egg shell powder (ES) are presented in Figs.1–3 respectively. It can be seen clearly from these Figures that the efficiency of egg shell powder increase with the inhibitor con- centration, The increase in its efficiency could be as a result of increase in the constituent molecule" + "text": "The results of the experiment are presented in this session. The results obtained from weight loss method for stainless steel Type 316 immersed in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution in the absence and presence of different concentrations of egg shell powder (ES) are presented in Figs. 1–3 respectively. It can be seen clearly from these Figures that the efficiency of egg shell powder increase with the inhibitor con- centration, The increase in its efficiency could be as a result of increase in the constituent molecule" }, { - "type": "FigureCaption", - "element_id": "07c6b69c966def662fa029b16ddb0f82", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "f4ccd05b3271c386ee55d9876c745001", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "30 10g 8g 6g 4g 20 2g Control 10 48 96 144 192 )gm( ssol thgieW" + "text": "30" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "dbed93186a0a28da669ced7e939b50ab", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "f82cec9d27e0eb21af4287cfc3f10c63", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "Fig. 1. Weight loss versus exposure time for stainless steel immersed in 0.5M H SO solution in the absence and 2 4 presence of ES." + "text": "10g 8g 6g 4g 2g Control" }, { - "type": "FigureCaption", - "element_id": "034ae8b8c3ffe3e43982c90c256e715d", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "c6305e93a5d6f1f483f4df3b08794444", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 2 + }, + "text": ") g m" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "ac96469638e152a73cadbf62d44e2f39", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 2 + }, + "text": "(" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "7c8cd65a8cfa918b5976e930d885f744", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 2 + }, + "text": "s s o" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "5378796307535df3ec8d8b15a2e2dc56", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 2 + }, + "text": "20" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "6d7ebc44c5bc26207e62f4f628f912e1", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 2 + }, + "text": "l" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "19a7e7e882dc51cc5d7783f0196d05ff", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 2 + }, + "text": "t h g e W" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "50c393f158c3de2db92fa9661bfb00ed", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 2 + }, + "text": "i" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "917df3320d778ddbaa5c5c7742bc4046", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 2 + }, + "text": "10" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "654ee9da442fa353f59f11beb688fc7f", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 2 + }, + "text": "48" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "d93844f8f37e55564be3f194656bf33b", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 2 + }, + "text": "96" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "9efe5a55840d37eb5db13a22ccab7e8f", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 2 + }, + "text": "144" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "49d7ac459790bd263dec212b9b71f59c", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 2 + }, + "text": "192" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "fb13601631d1b3e1a0a4f6ca61226dd5", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 2 + }, + "text": "Exposure Time (Hours)" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "b030b900ea40091233f13907aea8c5a7", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 2 + }, + "text": "Fig. 1. Weight loss versus exposure time for stainless steel presence of ES." + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "d8219f6e168a7bfa5ebce646a369c398", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 2 + }, + "text": "immersed in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution in the absence and" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "8a54dcaa0e2720786903e26e84bd9e93", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 3 }, - "text": "2.7 1.8 10g 8g 6g 4g 0.9 2g Control 24 48 72 96 120 144 168 192 Exposure time )raey/mm( etar" + "text": "O. Sanni, A.P.I. Popoola / Data in Brief 22 (2019) 451–457" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "135be522765ce267b8ca6debeeec6dc4", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 3 + }, + "text": "453" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "884784765bb9a529058c24f63946a7e2", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 3 + }, + "text": "2.7" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "56e4cefe8bd5412d274ea4d658d60990", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 3 + }, + "text": ") r a e y / m m" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "d2e181481b9515797bc42f282b122d25", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 3 + }, + "text": "1.8" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "60f1f45902889fa87ac184f7dd16c609", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 3 + }, + "text": "( e t a r n o s o r r o C" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "f82cec9d27e0eb21af4287cfc3f10c63", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 3 + }, + "text": "10g 8g 6g 4g 2g Control" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "50c393f158c3de2db92fa9661bfb00ed", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 3 + }, + "text": "i" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "a839ab0447b2d415fe1732387938b5e0", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 3 + }, + "text": "0.9" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "68ca3fba3b7e864770cb61aeb306d4bd", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 3 + }, + "text": "24" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "654ee9da442fa353f59f11beb688fc7f", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 3 + }, + "text": "48" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "bd5fa6e75f0ddfcd9ff32e0a2297554c", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 3 + }, + "text": "72" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "d93844f8f37e55564be3f194656bf33b", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 3 + }, + "text": "96" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "97b912eb4a61df5f806ca6239dde3e1a", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 3 + }, + "text": "120" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "9efe5a55840d37eb5db13a22ccab7e8f", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 3 + }, + "text": "144" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "c02efad74c4db35b2450beec922eb590", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 3 + }, + "text": "168" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "49d7ac459790bd263dec212b9b71f59c", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 3 + }, + "text": "192" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "15024228096f537a105444cae5c26bbc", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 3 + }, + "text": "Exposure time" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "838a490c8a0d03f257c59a16471765bd", + "element_id": "e5d46bc8ceb17f88e1cff33ecac97067", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 3 }, - "text": "Fig. 2. Corrosion rate versus exposure time for stainless steel immersed in 0.5M H SO solution in the absence and 2 4 presence of ES." + "text": "Fig. 2. Corrosion rate versus exposure time for stainless steel immersed in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution in the absence and presence of ES." }, { - "type": "FigureCaption", - "element_id": "5076ebbaf4279d1f9a203f6a764eed11", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "eea8254c7500ba3de996aa8ad6af3991", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 3 }, - "text": "90 2g 80 4g 6g 70 8g 10g 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 Exposure Time (Hours) ycneiciffE noitibihnI" + "text": "100" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "4393447bd3c1d55ea7f97417ecb1b36a", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 3 + }, + "text": "90" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "6c2020fccd80e546787b8108268cd708", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 3 + }, + "text": "2g 4g 6g 8g 10g" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": 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}, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "eea8254c7500ba3de996aa8ad6af3991", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 3 + }, + "text": "100" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "97b912eb4a61df5f806ca6239dde3e1a", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 3 + }, + "text": "120" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "251afbc1fe2e0118f21efcd99a65edef", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 3 + }, + "text": "140" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "1cb3ae0c7cf44aff95d12f73a367a8a5", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 3 + }, + "text": "160" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "cbd91cdba3348178fa87e56abd4e1d96", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 3 + }, + "text": "180" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "fb13601631d1b3e1a0a4f6ca61226dd5", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 3 + }, + "text": "Exposure Time (Hours)" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "afcbce1b85aa91bf323b6ac63768719d", + "element_id": "950ca7babbae92e76df97f7ee57bc05c", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 3 }, - "text": "Fig. 3. Inhibition efficiency versus exposure time for stainless steel immersed in 0.5M H SO solution in the presence of ES. 2 4" + "text": "Fig. 3. Inhibition efficiency versus exposure time for stainless steel immersed in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution in the presence of ES." }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "876206f2f8dc52f8c7e1a49620eb79a2", + "element_id": "83f15bc914c3bfceaa571de50ab77f11", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 3 }, - "text": "active sites of the stainless steel to be protected with the inhibitor molecules. Cathodic and anodic polarized potential are measured in the presence and absence of ES. Fig. 4 shows the cathodic and anodic polarization curves for stainless steel in 0.5 M H SO solution at different ES concentrations. 2 4 The electrochemical variables such as polarization resistance (PR), corrosion potential (Ecorr), cor- rosion current (icorr), anodic Tafel constant (ba), cathodic Tafel constant (bc) and corrosion rate (mm/ year) values are presented in Table 1. From the polarization curves and electrochemical parameter, icorr value decreased with the addition of inhibitor in 0.5 M H SO . Conversely, the icorr further 2 4 decrease with an increase in inhibitor concentration indicating that the inhibition effects increase with an increase in the egg shell concentration. The process of egg shell inhibition could be attributed to the formation of egg shell powder adsorbed on stainless steel surface protecting corrosion of stainless steel in H SO medium. The likely mechanism is the egg shell adsorption on stainless steel 2 4 surface through the heteroatoms electron pair and the conjugated systems in egg shell molecular structure as shown in Fig. 1. When the concentration of inhibitor was increased from 2 to 10 g, the corrosion rate values drastically decreased this result show that waste egg shell powder is an effective corrosion inhibitor for stainless steel in H SO solution. The shift in corrosion potential of stainless 2 4 steel from Tafel curves and electrochemical data indicate that the inhibitor is a mixed-type corrosion" + "text": "number of inhibitor adsorbed on the surface of stainless steel at higher concentration, in order for the active sites of the stainless steel to be protected with the inhibitor molecules. Cathodic and anodic polarized potential are measured in the presence and absence of ES. Fig. 4 shows the cathodic and anodic polarization curves for stainless steel in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution at different ES concentrations. The electrochemical variables such as polarization resistance (PR), corrosion potential (Ecorr), cor- rosion current (icorr), anodic Tafel constant (ba), cathodic Tafel constant (bc) and corrosion rate (mm/ year) values are presented in Table 1. From the polarization curves and electrochemical parameter, icorr value decreased with the addition of inhibitor in 0.5 M H2SO4. Conversely, the icorr further decrease with an increase in inhibitor concentration indicating that the inhibition effects increase with an increase in the egg shell concentration. The process of egg shell inhibition could be attributed to the formation of egg shell powder adsorbed on stainless steel surface protecting corrosion of stainless steel in H2SO4 medium. The likely mechanism is the egg shell adsorption on stainless steel surface through the heteroatoms electron pair and the conjugated systems in egg shell molecular structure as shown in Fig. 1. When the concentration of inhibitor was increased from 2 to 10 g, the corrosion rate values drastically decreased this result show that waste egg shell powder is an effective corrosion inhibitor for stainless steel in H2SO4 solution. The shift in corrosion potential of stainless steel from Tafel curves and electrochemical data indicate that the inhibitor is a mixed-type corrosion inhibitor." + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "8a54dcaa0e2720786903e26e84bd9e93", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "O. Sanni, A.P.I. Popoola / Data in Brief 22 (2019) 451–457" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "8d9bcdac558e606c913189b6ce8db44c", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "454" }, { "type": "FigureCaption", @@ -350,48 +1120,328 @@ "text": "Potential (Vv)nm°in°}aryT T T0.00001 0.001 olCurrent Density (A/cm2)" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "4dd9d9a17d92bb88ef9bd47cc615e265", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "e8f34726e919c7e2f4d00f6fcf511ef8", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 4 }, - "text": "Potentiodynamic polarization data for stainless steel in the absence and presence of ES in 0.5M H SO solution. 2 4" + "text": "Fig. 4. Anodic and cathodic polarization curve of stainless steel in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution in the presence and absence of ES." + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "349c66c42eaeaf4bdbb50ded5196283d", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "Table 1 Potentiodynamic polarization data for stainless steel in the absence and presence of ES in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution." }, { "type": "Table", - "element_id": "aaea2e2509e619b587609ec31b8bdeb6", + "element_id": "e2ed41967a486766ad6a122cc3aba4d5", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 4 }, - "text": "Inhibitor bc (V/dec) ba (V/dec) Ecorr (V) icorr (A/cm2) Polarization Corrosion concentration (g) resistance (Ω) rate (mm/year) 0 0.0335 0.0409 (cid:3)0.9393 0.0003 24.0910 2.8163 2 1.9460 0.0596 (cid:3)0.8276 0.0002 121.440 1.5054 4 0.0163 0.2369 (cid:3)0.8825 0.0001 42.121 0.9476 6 0.3233 0.0540 (cid:3)0.8027 5.39E-05 373.180 0.4318 8 0.1240 0.0556 (cid:3)0.5896 5.46E-05 305.650 0.3772 10 0.0382 0.0086 (cid:3)0.5356 1.24E-05 246.080 0.0919" + "text": "Inhibitorconcentration (g) bc (V/dec) ba (V/dec) Ecorr (V) icorr (A/cm2) Polarizationresistance (Ω) Corrosionrate (mm/year) 0246810 0.03351.94600.01630.32330.12400.0382 0.04090.05960.23690.05400.05560.0086 (cid:3) 0.9393(cid:3) 0.8276(cid:3) 0.8825(cid:3) 0.8027(cid:3) 0.5896(cid:3) 0.5356 0.00030.00020.00015.39E-055.46E-051.24E-05 24.0910121.44042.121373.180305.650246.080 2.81631.50540.94760.43180.37720.0919" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "110eda02dfff80619ea3b3d1fad86bbb", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "icorr (A/cm2)" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "30c9f72b1d5f5dbc66e82396ed69231f", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "Polarization resistance (Ω)" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "8d3819e3016ef9656902e982ba48314f", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "Corrosion rate (mm/year)" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "123823735568c5aa326a4e80fd563f6c", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "Inhibitor concentration (g)" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "c97421108bb04b468a6a5c1db618650c", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "bc (V/dec)" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "f9ced859d08a94b4f5ad86061470b71f", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "ba (V/dec)" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "595d808bfcc05795fd126704ea629a3b", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "Ecorr (V)" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "525b4d45f4424926584b0096e0e80d9d", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "(cid:3) 0.9393 (cid:3) 0.8276 (cid:3) 0.8825 (cid:3) 0.8027 (cid:3) 0.5896 (cid:3) 0.5356" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "4d5dab59456c422bc87141a54ba83462", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "0 2 4 6 8 10" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "711cc758cd65e30f33c0ceeec074fd35", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "0.0335 1.9460 0.0163 0.3233 0.1240 0.0382" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "b7ea31af7a0498cf9a905c8726b9331c", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "0.0409 0.0596 0.2369 0.0540 0.0556 0.0086" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "12cb80d1f0bdab43b690337371faa8fb", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "0.0003 0.0002 0.0001 5.39E-05 5.46E-05 1.24E-05" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "1b758dd8fe2bedd6c68145a88cf5f85c", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "24.0910 121.440 42.121 373.180 305.650 246.080" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "3a4fcd02113ded1f13f2ef118d8b1d64", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "2.8163 1.5054 0.9476 0.4318 0.3772 0.0919" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "f053e03e6328019cc3014d49c413ce19", + "element_id": "ef5851c1e7629b7329ac014d7fb9e9e1", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 4 }, - "text": "The plot of inhibitor concentration over degree of surface coverage versus inhibitor concentration gives a straight line as shown in Fig. 5. The strong correlation reveals that egg shell adsorption on stainless surface in 0.5 M H SO follow Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Figs. 6–8 show the SEM/EDX 2 4 surface morphology analysis of stainless steel. Figs. 7 and 8 are the SEM/EDX images of the stainless steel specimens without and with inhibitor after weight loss experiment in sulphuric acid medium. The stainless steel surface corrosion product layer in the absence of inhibitor was porous and as a result gives no corrosion protection. With the presence of ES, corrosion damage was minimized, with an evidence of ES present on the metal surface as shown in Fig. 8." + "text": "The plot of inhibitor concentration over degree of surface coverage versus inhibitor concentration gives a straight line as shown in Fig. 5. The strong correlation reveals that egg shell adsorption on stainless surface in 0.5 M H2SO4 follow Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Figs. 6–8 show the SEM/EDX surface morphology analysis of stainless steel. Figs. 7 and 8 are the SEM/EDX images of the stainless steel specimens without and with inhibitor after weight loss experiment in sulphuric acid medium. The stainless steel surface corrosion product layer in the absence of inhibitor was porous and as a result gives no corrosion protection. With the presence of ES, corrosion damage was minimized, with an evidence of ES present on the metal surface as shown in Fig. 8." }, { - "type": "FigureCaption", - "element_id": "fcff4faa70bee1f229f3526d0242a6a5", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "d30a16d722f11b7f40f526a9f1909b4a", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 4 }, - "text": "C/0 12 10 8 6 4 2 2 4 6 8 10 Concentration (g) 0/C" + "text": "C/0" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "a1fb50e6c86fae1679ef3351296fd671", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "12" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "917df3320d778ddbaa5c5c7742bc4046", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "10" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "aa67a169b0bba217aa0aa88a65346920", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "8" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "4d69c97b539d79ed01e02a13a6b0df76", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "0 / C" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "06e9d52c1720fca412803e3b07c4b228", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "6" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "7de1555df0c2700329e815b93b32c571", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "4" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "53c234e5e8472b6ac51c1ae1cab3fe06", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "2" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "53c234e5e8472b6ac51c1ae1cab3fe06", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "2" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "7de1555df0c2700329e815b93b32c571", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "4" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "06e9d52c1720fca412803e3b07c4b228", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "6" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "aa67a169b0bba217aa0aa88a65346920", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "8" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "917df3320d778ddbaa5c5c7742bc4046", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "10" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "c7e8a722684d77d96404c521897d7fa7", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "Concentration (g)" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "8a3295d93db27fa58d12326d345eaad5", + "element_id": "8e9636a780701abc4f16c3f890b8a83f", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -399,6 +1449,26 @@ }, "text": "Fig. 5. Langmuir adsorption isotherm of ES." }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "8a54dcaa0e2720786903e26e84bd9e93", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 5 + }, + "text": "O. Sanni, A.P.I. Popoola / Data in Brief 22 (2019) 451–457" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "b5c1fe3f2fa0ef8280a53620dcb31175", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 5 + }, + "text": "455" + }, { "type": "FigureCaption", "element_id": "6959a323ee23c858c3b1411b05db6ebf", @@ -411,7 +1481,7 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "6cad98316bfa45c17e82a1836920ed12", + "element_id": "6121f41a05c15afa2efe50af3e838da4", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -421,47 +1491,67 @@ }, { "type": "FigureCaption", - "element_id": "4f8c25cf7aefbef4af474fe62bed2b33", + "element_id": "a0463ca888a6f2c8c3ba40ba47be0f2f", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 5 }, - "text": "gEoswaeSem ny. 200 RvLitt td vegas rescanFertormarce innancesacel" + "text": "gEOOwaeSemny. z00RV | WD: 1424 renn rtirint VEoa3 Tescan20 yin Fertormaros in nancepace|" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "8295d3fb6a5f84b8eb36889e5ec2b6ed", + "element_id": "ccc8ab2aeabd9a0f745b9f0f6fcbef6e", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 5 }, - "text": "Fig. 7. SEM/EDX image of stainless steel immersed in 0.5M H SO solution without inhibitor. 2 4" + "text": "Fig. 7. SEM/EDX image of stainless steel immersed in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution without inhibitor." }, { "type": "FigureCaption", - "element_id": "035c30f23285fdae72335b94421cf564", + "element_id": "a9bc28448ebad437288bf5538fb09482", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 5 }, - "text": "°@¢Naafe«MgsSEM HY: 20.0KV ALEC CMT LPL LL A a pO OPEM ING: ACO x" + "text": "SEM HY: 20.0KVBEM IAAG: 400 x 5" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "5bd7471896aa1ed8f10e53283b88d57a", + "element_id": "d8bc58d446376a881b51208b9a8ee7b7", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 5 }, - "text": "Fig. 8. SEM/EDX image of stainless steel immersed in 0.5M H SO solution with the presence of inhibitor. 2 4" + "text": "Fig. 8. SEM/EDX image of stainless steel immersed in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution with the presence of inhibitor." }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "a80826543c9e0d0e9f6c2108ae3c3f73", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "8a54dcaa0e2720786903e26e84bd9e93", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 6 + }, + "text": "O. Sanni, A.P.I. Popoola / Data in Brief 22 (2019) 451–457" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "cdfba543ee8ef7fdb3d8b587648cc22d", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 6 + }, + "text": "456" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "e00efc537994ab576eaec5a387a5ebc0", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -470,18 +1560,28 @@ "text": "2. Experimental design, materials and methods" }, { - "type": "FigureCaption", - "element_id": "e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb924", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "d277e2ba1e8cbda383b0e51703c281c8", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 6 }, - "text": "" + "text": "2.1. Material" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "1dc2692eee9b01e9a960f80c4dabe07b", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "c90848f07a922eff3615e5aa1ee78a2f", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 6 + }, + "text": "Austenitic stainless steel Type 316 was used in this study with chemical composition reported in [1,2]. The chemicals used were of annular grade. The inhibitor concentrations are in the range of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 g [3–5]. The structural formula of egg shell powder is shown in Fig. 9." + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "c07eeb615f8b0f2d544348b7f0655301", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -490,8 +1590,8 @@ "text": "Fig. 9. Chemical structure of egg shell powder." }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "b4a533760fabf85f66294a0441dacd1e", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "63584e8d8b4c14d1542778c155ee4b78", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -501,47 +1601,217 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "96ac5b6efc55f8db8b7d90a9eb66c65e", + "element_id": "df69621940968ac24afd990f838f8720", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 6 }, - "text": "This physical measurement was carried out in order to provide direct result on how the corrosive environment affects the test sample. The cleaned and weighed specimen was suspended in beakers with the aid of glass hooks and rods with the test solution of ES at different concentration (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 g). The pre-weighed specimen was retrieved from the test solution after every 24 h, cleaned, dried and reweighed. The difference between the weight at a given time and the initial weight of the specimen was taken as the weight loss which was used to calculate corrosion rate and inhibition efficiency." + "text": "This physical measurement was carried out in order to provide direct result on how the corrosive environment affects the test sample. The cleaned and weighed specimen was suspended in beakers with the aid of glass hooks and rods with the test solution of ES at different concentration (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 g). The pre-weighed specimen was retrieved from the test solution after every 24 h, cleaned, dried and reweighed. The difference between the weight at a given time and the initial weight of the specimen was taken as the weight loss which was used to calculate corrosion rate and inhibition efficiency." }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "843a05f79a367473ddb0005f22d6d4cb", + "element_id": "c9b27a380aea7dc5245745a28309b5ce", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 6 }, - "text": "The corrosion rate (CR) was calculated using Eq. (1)" + "text": "The corrosion rate (CR) was calculated using Eq. (1) [1–5]" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "b84630a9e08df3b58aa3156c31355ffc", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 6 + }, + "text": "(cid:1) Þ ¼ 87:6W DAT" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "0c156d16287a78307e9e0220ead9ae3c", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 6 + }, + "text": "(cid:3)" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "5ef0df6b867bd357888b9dc42b36cd2d", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 6 + }, + "text": "ð1Þ" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "66387f69a567df57abcbbcc378994a14", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 6 + }, + "text": "Corrosion rate CRð" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "51fded1bfb6a8a4c7c8bfd88b5f6e817", + "element_id": "037926f4964663644ec21194965e103a", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 6 }, - "text": "where: W is weight loss in mg, A is specimen surface area, T is immersion period in hours and D is the specimen density. From the corrosion rate, the surface coverage (θ ) and inhibition efficiencies (IE %) were determined using Eqs. (2) and (3) respectively" + "text": "where: W is weight loss in mg, A is specimen surface area, T is immersion period in hours and D is the specimen density. From the corrosion rate, the surface coverage (θ) and inhibition efficiencies (IE %) were determined using Eqs. (2) and (3) respectively" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "52578b1db1fa57ce34802561bef8d4b2", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 6 + }, + "text": "θ ¼ CRo (cid:3) CR" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "0c29bf5278efb230950522e04cb5fc5e", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 6 + }, + "text": "ð2Þ" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "8c0cb198bc3c84fabd4fb5a938b8917c", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 6 + }, + "text": "CRo" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "9dda47806aadced81046aedc9adfc398", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 6 + }, + "text": "IE ð%Þ ¼ CRo (cid:3) CR" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "15fda6ea6b8bdae3400d8266245b2d00", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 6 + }, + "text": "100 1" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "cf99f6ed96eb26d3bce77491a6b07527", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 6 + }, + "text": "ð3Þ" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "73cb3858a687a8494ca3323053016282", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 6 + }, + "text": "x" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "8c0cb198bc3c84fabd4fb5a938b8917c", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 6 + }, + "text": "CRo" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "4e14cf7db9d9e827482861e7576a1d07", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 6 + }, + "text": "where: CRo and CR are the corrosion rate in absence and presence of inhibitor respectively." + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "5dda1fad7e503afe6240d736d50bbe7a", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 6 + }, + "text": "2.3. Potentiodynamic polarization method" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "b4e6b0c533c52bbe18ce202ce318ef72", + "element_id": "f97dc933134705c39e5cb717f7813e07", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 6 }, - "text": "The potentiodynamic polarization method was performed on the prepared test samples immersed in 0.5 M H SO solution in the presence and absence of different ES concentrations. A three electrode 2 4 system was used; stainless steel Type 316 plate as working electrode with an exposed area of 1.0 cm2, platinum rod as counter electrode and silver chloride electrode as reference electrode. The electrode was polished, degreased in acetone and thoroughly rinsed with distilled water before the experiment. Current density against applied potential was plotted. The slope of the linear part in anodic and cathodic plots gives anodic and cathodic constants according to the Stern–Geary equation, and the" + "text": "The potentiodynamic polarization method was performed on the prepared test samples immersed in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution in the presence and absence of different ES concentrations. A three electrode system was used; stainless steel Type 316 plate as working electrode with an exposed area of 1.0 cm2, platinum rod as counter electrode and silver chloride electrode as reference electrode. The electrode was polished, degreased in acetone and thoroughly rinsed with distilled water before the experiment. Current density against applied potential was plotted. The slope of the linear part in anodic and cathodic plots gives anodic and cathodic constants according to the Stern–Geary equation, and the" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "c9015d53b90846454375a2fdf2829c66", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "8a54dcaa0e2720786903e26e84bd9e93", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 7 + }, + "text": "O. Sanni, A.P.I. Popoola / Data in Brief 22 (2019) 451–457" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "b2dc92f9e9858319664f918c69457257", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 7 + }, + "text": "457" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "01f3f73499621b0a04142f29982336c1", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 7 + }, + "text": "steps of the linear polarization plot are substituted to get corrosion current. Nova software was used with linear polarization resistance (LPR) and the current was set to 10 mA (maximum) and 10 nA (minimum). LSV staircase parameter start potential (cid:3) 1.5 v, step potential 0.001 m/s and stop potential of þ1.5 v set was used in this study." + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "9619869f5960ea0375b649dd8cc388a5", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -549,9 +1819,59 @@ }, "text": "Acknowledgements" }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "46665d637f6fec12f063621cbb6f75e8", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 7 + }, + "text": "This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of South Africa and the Tshwane" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "67deb862b14327ac2b08067c09bcff38", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 7 + }, + "text": "University of Technology Pretoria South Africa." + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "81db7fab0806640b0cbbac862671704f", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 7 + }, + "text": "Transparency document. Supporting information" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "763984c1746e75f8ef8b739bc4898e78", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 7 + }, + "text": "Transparency document associated with this article can be found in the online version at https://doi." + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "4cc9dbf8ed19dfe7934073a1aa1f3202", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 7 + }, + "text": "org/10.1016/j.dib.2018.11.134." + }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "69824d3b0e70ca6aaa0da1613b65fd91", + "element_id": "e56261e0bd30965b8e68ed2abb15b141", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -560,313 +1880,83 @@ "text": "References" }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "245843abef9e72e7efac30138a994bf6", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "b1786e1c78c5c10977d1cc1b9cbffe0b", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "[" + "text": "[1] O. Sanni, A.P.I. Popoola, O.S.I. Fayomi, Enhanced corrosion resistance of stainless steel type 316 in sulphuric acid solution" }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "9b8d0ee38ce22a5d3a5158f0f9d07c63", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "3c01d2aba2d87f5434984f8188a05704", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "] O. Sanni, A.P.I. Popoola, O.S.I. Fayomi, Enhanced corrosion resistance of stainless steel type" + "text": "using eco-friendly waste product, Results Phys. 9 (2018) 225–230." }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "be945a2c885670e97310d1ce55214643", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "c41856d4abfdf8abbbe0a2a209918515", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "in sulphuric acid solution using eco-friendly waste product, Results Phys." + "text": "[2] O. Sanni, A.P.I. Popoola, A. 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Sanni, A.P.I. Popoola, O.S.I. Fayomi, The inhibitive study of egg shell powder on UNS N" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "28d7fffa02c7ef6c9e08b0ef38884ebc", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 7 - }, - "text": "austenitic stainless steel corrosion in chloride solution, Def. 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Sanni, A.P.I. Popoola, O.S.I. Fayomi, Inhibition of engineering material in sulphuric acid solution using waste product," + "text": "[4] O. Sanni, A.P.I. Popoola, O.S.I. Fayomi, C.A. Loto, A comparative study of inhibitive effect of waste product on stainless steel corrosion in sodium chloride/sulfuric acid environments, Metallogr. Microstruct. Anal. (2018) 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s13632-018-0495-5." }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "5f15a51ffc70cef540789a2f6c1659a9", + "element_id": "3cd4caf23cd72a06fbf01b16df13ec1f", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "O. Sanni, A.P.I. Popoola, O.S.I. Fayomi, Inhibition of engineering material in sulphuric acid solution using waste product, Contributed Papers from Materials Science and Technology (MS&T18), 2018. 〈https://doi.org/10.7449/2018/MST_2018_254_261〉." + "text": "[5] O. Sanni, A.P.I. Popoola, O.S.I. Fayomi, Inhibition of engineering material in sulphuric acid solution using waste product, Contributed Papers from Materials Science and Technology (MS&T18), 2018. 〈https://doi.org/10.7449/2018/MST_2018_254_261〉." } ] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/biomed-api/75/29/main.PMC6312793.pdf.json b/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/biomed-api/75/29/main.PMC6312793.pdf.json index b48b51ccd..c098282d8 100644 --- a/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/biomed-api/75/29/main.PMC6312793.pdf.json +++ b/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/biomed-api/75/29/main.PMC6312793.pdf.json @@ -1,6 +1,16 @@ [ { - "type": "FigureCaption", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "0af8327dc6c8a1694bd0fc75da243db4", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "Data in Brief 22 (2019) 484–487" + }, + { + "type": "Image", "element_id": "70d50409ea726a2789ebbd004bec31f4", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, @@ -10,18 +20,38 @@ "text": "Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Data in Brief journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/dib" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "0ca3f075fdccf9232449ff461b63ceb9", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "869adddb184177031536477262e0dde0", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/dib" + "text": "Contents lists available at ScienceDirect" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "e6fa42b5b4d85001b900e47c050b645b", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "Data in Brief" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "ac01687ab870e4bb6e7313db4654928a", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "Data Article" }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "4a7569e80133c37eb90758771086bca6", + "element_id": "d641dde82cdafdae78cadfdcb9ce11c6", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -31,83 +61,153 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "d3ce4f426ea758d712660638e5db0b32", + "element_id": "adf50fc70e660740d796f43a2ba5f500", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "Sarang Kulkarni , Mohan Krishnamoorthy d,e, Abhiram Ranade f, Andreas T. Ernst c, Rahul Patil b" + "text": "Sarang Kulkarni a,b,c,n, Mohan Krishnamoorthy d,e, Abhiram Ranade f, Andreas T. Ernst c, Rahul Patil b" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "ebc8429212b65bf771717a75b69e8311", + "element_id": "dcedfc380a2be599bf69af84d49d4803", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "a IITB-Monash Research Academy, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India b SJM School of Management, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India c School of Mathematical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia d Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC e School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Australia f" + "text": "a IITB-Monash Research Academy, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India b SJM School of Management, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India c School of Mathematical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia d Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia e School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia f Department of Computer Science and Engineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "b773a7d177a437256c278b181aa9ca4c", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "a r t i c l e i n f o" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "c7a4fe86f59a75da88b2dfc910b49d1b", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "a b s t r a c t" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "f3de57b70eeb335028d46138d95baf87", + "element_id": "dc4030a630e58a9d83ca4b1663c14a14", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "of Computer Science and Engineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India" + "text": "This data article presents a description of a benchmark dataset for the multiple depot vehicle scheduling problem (MDVSP). The MDVSP is to assign vehicles from different depots to timetabled trips to minimize the total cost of empty travel and waiting. The dataset has been developed to evaluate the heuristics of the MDVSP that are presented in “A new formulation and a column generation-based heuristic for the multiple depot vehicle sche- duling problem” (Kulkarni et al., 2018). The dataset contains 60 problem instances of varying size. Researchers can use the dataset to evaluate the future algorithms for the MDVSP and compare the performance with the existing algorithms. The dataset includes a program that can be used to generate new problem instances of the MDVSP." }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "b1a854c188d0833c1c573a0462e2a25c", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "32133fc9f028473fb3d3d2ca24382c28", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "This data article presents a description of a benchmark dataset for the multiple depot vehicle scheduling problem (MDVSP). The MDVSP is to assign vehicles from different depots to timetabled trips to minimize the total cost of empty travel and waiting. The dataset has been developed to evaluate the heuristics of the MDVSP that are presented in “A new formulation and a column generation-based heuristic for the multiple depot vehicle sche- duling problem” (Kulkarni et al., 2018). The dataset contains 60 problem instances of varying size. Researchers can use the dataset to evaluate the future algorithms for the MDVSP and compare the performance with the existing algorithms. The dataset includes a program that can be used to generate new problem instances of the MDVSP. & 2018 Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article" + "text": "Article history: Received 21 November 2018 Received in revised form 13 December 2018 Accepted 15 December 2018 Available online 18 December 2018" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "740791f13b201ca5a9d226b7bcc7791a", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "229fee1354deea741b25f3cfadd7d11a", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access under the CC BY-NC-ND license" + "text": "& 2018 Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)." }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "05176ed2416890f7d4a4655f1e9d87d0", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "b0613e86fb168216b644f174370d1fee", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)." + "text": "DOI of original article: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trb.2018.11.007 n Corresponding author at: IITB-Monash Research Academy, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India." }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "30b5af6114bd8cea03b625ca89fa87ae", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "e6ebfa5f912bbe8eb40042143efc8453", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "2352-3409/& 2018 Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)." + "text": "E-mail address: sarangkulkarni@iitb.ac.in (S. Kulkarni)." }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "51c33ff4fbc8b914b6ba9a005aafd8eb", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "814b68417b937e4bf60d3d568a7ae8cc", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2018.12.055 2352-3409/& 2018 Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)." + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "e326e74f4607af7d370e049bc5d9e66a", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "Vehicle scheduling Tables, text files Artificially generated by a Cþ þ program on Intels Xeons CPU E" + "text": "S. Kulkarni et al. / Data in Brief 22 (2019) 484–487" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "28b33efedc139452525a280e548c029b", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 2 + }, + "text": "485" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "39826c423283dfd91f1dbd34664ce038", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 2 + }, + "text": "Specifications table" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "8492c238936f4c1876f31fb62fcdb172", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 2 + }, + "text": "Subject area Operations research More specific subject area Vehicle scheduling Type of data How data were acquired" + }, + { + "type": "ListItem", + "element_id": "bd2fe671326224907a8fb8062ddfede1", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 2 + }, + "text": "Tables, text files Artificially generated by a C þ þ program on Intels Xeons CPU E" }, { "type": "ListItem", @@ -131,7 +231,7 @@ }, { "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "6b78edec8b4f160fd31d6b5468ca84f4", + "element_id": "96aa227e395f9b3c693d4625454fd109", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -201,7 +301,7 @@ }, { "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "aa0898d67714533577634f2e9c0078e2", + "element_id": "bd8ec6ca4c7cf3541eeea741c731d6f4", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -211,7 +311,7 @@ }, { "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "292e00612ab4cf78a2401d6ae77d9707", + "element_id": "1834b8a0cf841829856f3d93d0a40b8e", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -260,8 +360,28 @@ "text": "]." }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "596eda178f8c5adefbae7cfe1bec78c3", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "682865ead44e65d8114a497f638af31d", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 2 + }, + "text": "Data format Experimental factors" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "0287da4a10649bec6dbc30dad29b9c88", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 2 + }, + "text": "Experimental features Data source location Data accessibility Related research article" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "e63f0ed399f0537c9ffeadfcae3baed6", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -270,38 +390,78 @@ "text": "Value of the data" }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "9bf39412d343706db6a940993c139203", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "6b01fa41d5cd8f006940ef6a2a223973", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "The dataset contains" + "text": "(cid:2) The dataset contains 60 different problem instances of the MDVSP that can be used to evaluate the" }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "92ab3a2ee9821fa27cc768e07733d529", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "e58cc75666fbb70f7b25034fbf4f714e", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "different problem instances of the MDVSP that can be used to evaluate performance of the algorithms for the MDVSP. The data provide all the information that is required to model the MDVSP by using the mathematical formulations. All the problem instances are available for use without any restrictions. The benchmark solutions and solution time for the problem instances are presented in [" + "text": "performance of the algorithms for the MDVSP." }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "618c071d9085dc44b5ccad73b6891cd5", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "d32cdfe62dff9c818306e3ae5bbc43c0", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "] and be used for the comparison." + "text": "(cid:2) The data provide all the information that is required to model the MDVSP by using the existing" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "c2b2b778d53cc9a1cb4dc340476bc5aa", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "85ab27a1f5be456597002c502432ef67", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 2 + }, + "text": "mathematical formulations." + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "bd5a257f5cf6d0ace1b6662efb4113c4", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 2 + }, + "text": "(cid:2) All the problem instances are available for use without any restrictions. (cid:2) The benchmark solutions and solution time for the problem instances are presented in [3] and can" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "e1b1668d8393547003869967247d4e94", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 2 + }, + "text": "be used for the comparison." + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "17c9d692a4b6c5103b1bb2d42176673e", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 2 + }, + "text": "(cid:2) The dataset includes a program that can generate similar problem instances of different sizes." + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "1c3f3de4e65aae5bd147f84779712a65", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -310,58 +470,118 @@ "text": "1. Data" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "1cf83f090d4cf11db6708eb75235a23a", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "7de9f3c9c0c1cbf7dc40d9ba3d9cd3e6", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "The dataset contains 60 different problem instances of the multiple depot vehicle scheduling pro- blem (MDVSP). Each problem instance is provided in a separate file. Each file is named as ‘RN-m-n-k.dat’, where ‘m’, ‘n’, and ‘k’ denote the number of depots, the number of trips, and the instance number for the size, ‘ðm;nÞ’, respectively. For example, the problem instance, ‘RN-8–1500-01.dat’, is the first problem instance with 8 depots and 1500 trips. For the number of depots, m, we used three values, 8,12, and 16. The four values for the number of trips, n, are 1500, 2000, 2500, and 3000. For each size, ðm;nÞ, five instances are provided. The dataset can be downloaded from https://orlib.uqcloud.net. For each problem instance, the following information is provided:" + "text": "‘ðm; nÞ’," }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "04aebad316ac758cf28b98351fb115b3", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "4443614d5e9dada0ac5245412ed35771", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "The number of depots ðmÞ, The number of trips ðnÞ, The number of locations ðlÞ, The number of vehicles at each depot, For each trip" + "text": "the size," }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "41b805ea7ac014e23556e98bb374702a", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "ecdf365f1ccc984986436c659f2814db", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": ";" + "text": "respectively. For example," }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "f90e295ef04a2cfe1cf4d20d93aa8cea", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "d6521ed428e0691c7dd2cfb13357e5cf", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": ";…;n, a start time, ts, an end time, te, a start location, ls , and an end location, i i i and" + "text": "the problem instance," + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "0e64938e794c82b92d077dd54d22f68d", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 2 + }, + "text": "For each problem instance, the following information is provided: The number of depots mð The number of trips ðnÞ, The number of locations ðlÞ, The number of vehicles at each depot, For each trip i A 1; 2; …; n, a start time, ts" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "2953c99282276636e4e19e0ece24a60e", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 2 + }, + "text": "Þ," + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "0eab0bd573eb894563f678dcd4b21af8", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 2 + }, + "text": "i , a start location, ls" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "12017891a1d4e119b40cbf4952a98c9b", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 2 + }, + "text": "i , and an end location, le i ," + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "b8632182bc1f12dd5b2001d855014004", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 2 + }, + "text": "i , an end time, te" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "4e37fb97801e7191b06352e73dfaeb67", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 2 + }, + "text": "and" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "26bc8b937250fbd91a2ff2f75fad7bb4", + "element_id": "dcb60b2d7218e86946c2235aad0b6008", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "The travel time, , between any two locations i;jA1;…;l. ij" + "text": "(cid:2) The travel time, δij, between any two locations i; j A 1; …; l." }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "dab070cacfbf18590b72f6cecc1abe8a", + "element_id": "1c2201af9853b59ded4805bba287a829", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -370,148 +590,448 @@ "text": "All times are in minutes and integers. The planning duration is from 5 a.m. to around midnight. Each instance has two classes of trips, short trips and long trips, with 40% short trips and 60% long trips. The duration of a short trip is less than a total of 45 min and the travel time between the start" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "04d6da7763330fba2e000f1550d624b4", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "e326e74f4607af7d370e049bc5d9e66a", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 3 }, - "text": "A trip j can be covered after trip i by the same vehicle, if . If , the vehicle must j i lels i j i j travel empty from le to ls , otherwise, the vehicle may require waiting at le for the duration of ðts(cid:3)teÞ. i j i j i A schedule is given by the sequence in which a vehicle can cover the trips. The MDVSP is to determine the minimum number of schedules to cover all trips that minimizes total time in waiting and empty travel. The following requirements must be satisfied:" + "text": "S. Kulkarni et al. / Data in Brief 22 (2019) 484–487" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "8d0736d21edd4e194e5db02347e129c7", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 3 + }, + "text": "486" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "9f77f0db3a785a5bb491fb79fe54cfa0", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 3 + }, + "text": "and end location of the trip. A long trip is about 3–5 h in duration and has the same start and end location. For all instances, m r l and the locations 1; …; m correspond to depots, while the remaining locations only appear as trip start and end locations." + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "af2ea9b1f3593511ded2a7a202fc9779", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 3 + }, + "text": "i þδ" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "1bca0b1068f467bc18fe15a07bfa74e6", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 3 + }, + "text": ". If le i ls le i j , otherwise, the vehicle may require waiting at le i for the duration of ðts" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "143718a16613779328eee9b3d74b6e3e", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 3 + }, + "text": "a ls" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "8774d741680c5f3aa67a519a40a452de", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 3 + }, + "text": "Z te" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "f41b22faaa980f33f59eae3874a19ce3", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 3 + }, + "text": "A trip j can be covered after trip i by the same vehicle, if ts j" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "cee00b08a818db87e17e703273818e51", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 3 + }, + "text": "j" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "fa7eead6028158216b4b46d289ab21f1", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 3 + }, + "text": "i to ls" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "2ec583faff6571c9c19100202efae904", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 3 + }, + "text": "1. Each schedule should start and end at the same depot. 2. Each trip should be covered by only one vehicle. 3. The number of schedules that start from a depot should not exceed the number of vehicles at" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "94539e596ab6ae901827a63124a5f0e6", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 3 + }, + "text": "the depot." }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "4b7e68562517c3a2f4736cf12e1ef395", + "element_id": "1c59f2a7ce8a3fa55810df93d58e636e", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 3 }, - "text": "For each instance size ðm;nÞ, Table 1 provides the average of the number of locations, the number of times, the number of vehicles, and the number of possible empty travels, over five instances. The number of locations includes m distinct locations for depots and the number of locations at which various trips start or end. The number of times includes the start and the end time of the planning horizon and the start/end times for the trips. The number of vehicles is the total number of vehicles from all the depots. The number of possible empty travels is the number of possible connections between trips that require a vehicle travelling empty between two consecutive trips in a schedule." + "text": "A sufficient number of vehicles are provided to maintain the feasibility of an instance. For each instance size ðm; nÞ, Table 1 provides the average of the number of locations, the number of times, the number of vehicles, and the number of possible empty travels, over five instances. The number of locations includes m distinct locations for depots and the number of locations at which various trips start or end. The number of times includes the start and the end time of the planning horizon and the start/end times for the trips. The number of vehicles is the total number of vehicles from all the depots. The number of possible empty travels is the number of possible connections between trips that require a vehicle travelling empty between two consecutive trips in a schedule." + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "149eebcec86a1b9a43b93af13952870b", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 3 + }, + "text": "The description of the file for each problem instance is presented in Table 2. The first line in the file provides the number of depots ðmÞ, the number of trips, ðnÞ, and the number of locations ðlÞ, in the problem instance. The next n lines present the information for n trips. Each line corresponds to a trip, i A 1; …; n g, and provides the start location, the start time, the end location, and the end time of trip i. The next l lines present the travel times between any two locations, i; jA 1; …; l" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "092fcfbbcfca3b5be7ae1b5e58538e92", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 3 + }, + "text": "f" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "57da7eaac8d10ebebae8d32ea8a57749", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 3 + }, + "text": "(cid:1)" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "0c156d16287a78307e9e0220ead9ae3c", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 3 + }, + "text": "(cid:3)" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "eb4bd64f7014f7d42e9d358035802242", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 3 + }, + "text": "." }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "1723544d316dcd5a701b0f160dc965c8", + "element_id": "e731dc92fddc0512e142bfb2bed62bbf", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 3 }, - "text": "The description of the file for each problem instance is presented in Table 2. The first line in the file provides the number of depots ðmÞ, the number of trips, ðnÞ, and the number of locations ðlÞ, in the problem instance. The next n lines present the information for n trips. Each line corresponds to a trip, iAf1;…;ng, and provides the start location, the start time, the end location, and the end time of trip i. n,a the The next l lines present the travel times between any two locations, i;jA 1;…;l . The dataset also includes a program ‘GenerateInstance.cpp’ that can be used to generate new instances. The program takes three inputs, the number of depots ðmÞ, the number of trips ðnÞ, and the" + "text": "The dataset also includes a program ‘GenerateInstance.cpp’ that can be used to generate new instances. The program takes three inputs, the number of depots ðmÞ, the number of trips ðnÞ, and the number of instances for each size ðm; nÞ." }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "9585148595a20a62c56ffb6787174e9c", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "5736867eb34c3f0cec0ceabe4505db65", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 3 }, - "text": "The dataset also includes a program ‘GenerateInstance.cpp’ that can be used to generate new instances. The program takes three inputs, the number of depots ðmÞ, the number of trips ðnÞ, and the number of instances for each size ðm;nÞ." - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "7f59d58d0387d28ff45422e8dc6d7e3c", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 3 - }, - "text": "Average number of locations, times, vehicles and empty travels for each instance" + "text": "Table 1 Average number of locations, times, vehicles and empty travels for each instance size." }, { "type": "Table", - "element_id": "d64be61ce583c012d79a10c894d35806", + "element_id": "be8fbf813482eec7fd0e2fc665b4d3bb", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 3 }, - "text": "Instance size (m, n) Average number of Locations Times Vehicles Possible empty travels (8, 1500) 568.40 975.20 652.20 668,279.40 (8, 2000) 672.80 1048.00 857.20 1,195,844.80 (8, 2500) 923.40 1078.00 1082.40 1,866,175.20 (8, 3000) 977.00 1113.20 1272.80 2,705,617.00 (12, 1500) 566.00 994.00 642.00 674,191.00 (12, 2000) 732.60 1040.60 861.20 1,199,659.80 (12, 2500) 875.00 1081.00 1096.00 1,878,745.20 (12, 3000) 1119.60 1107.40 1286.20 2,711,180.40 (16, 1500) 581.80 985.40 667.80 673,585.80 (16, 2000) 778.00 1040.60 872.40 1,200,560.80 (16, 2500) 879.00 1083.20 1076.40 1,879,387.00 (16, 3000) 1087.20 1101.60 1284.60 2,684,983.60" + "text": "Instance size (m, n) Average number of (8, 1500)(8, 2000)(8, 2500)(8, 3000)(12, 1500)(12, 2000)(12, 2500)(12, 3000)(16, 1500)(16, 2000)(16, 2500)(16, 3000) Locations Times Vehicles Possible empty travels 568.40672.80923.40977.00566.00732.60875.001119.60581.80778.00879.001087.20 975.201048.001078.001113.20994.001040.601081.001107.40985.401040.601083.201101.60 652.20857.201082.401272.80642.00861.201096.001286.20667.80872.401076.401284.60 668,279.401,195,844.801,866,175.202,705,617.00674,191.001,199,659.801,878,745.202,711,180.40673,585.801,200,560.801,879,387.002,684,983.60" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "f7b6a62f57f51061c861c894d0f14ec5", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "21f2ec8ae50bee280b1c360963fa6830", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 3 + }, + "text": "Instance size (m, n)" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "d125cfe65ab4cb2d16a7690490605748", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 3 + }, + "text": "Average number of" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "9db0e6acd29863a01533a0eff8ce0437", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 3 + }, + "text": "Locations" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "0923bdb0e6ea65dcbaa0a3b52e2ad5b8", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 3 + }, + "text": "Times" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "ff25ed0bdb1329e04ac4f11e1d127d40", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 3 + }, + "text": "Vehicles" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "ca0aa1db78c07d089347aea892887a60", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 3 + }, + "text": "Possible empty travels" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "ef43693319ab1036ec2b3c9f09fd1923", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 3 + }, + "text": "(8, 1500) (8, 2000) (8, 2500) (8, 3000) (12, 1500) (12, 2000) (12, 2500) (12, 3000) (16, 1500) (16, 2000) (16, 2500) (16, 3000)" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "4761a1b7b5e09553e6b74a0b5edb7277", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 3 + }, + "text": "568.40 672.80 923.40 977.00 566.00 732.60 875.00 1119.60 581.80 778.00 879.00 1087.20" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "7609557430ac8eaf0442a2d178644db6", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 3 + }, + "text": "975.20 1048.00 1078.00 1113.20 994.00 1040.60 1081.00 1107.40 985.40 1040.60 1083.20 1101.60" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "161dd570f9777f09fcb451430f73e548", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 3 + }, + "text": "652.20 857.20 1082.40 1272.80 642.00 861.20 1096.00 1286.20 667.80 872.40 1076.40 1284.60" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "dcb98e6b76086cd6d714da3e2de97240", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 3 + }, + "text": "668,279.40 1,195,844.80 1,866,175.20 2,705,617.00 674,191.00 1,199,659.80 1,878,745.20 2,711,180.40 673,585.80 1,200,560.80 1,879,387.00 2,684,983.60" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "e326e74f4607af7d370e049bc5d9e66a", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 4 }, - "text": "Table 2" + "text": "S. Kulkarni et al. / Data in Brief 22 (2019) 484–487" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "3e7e3e4379cf8816544d3850e7bc2e28", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "dd1252fa6e5f6c3f43669c9cc95952e7", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 4 }, - "text": "Description of file format for each problem instance." + "text": "487" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "444f48f6d4f0ee6d3a04b7bf76218980", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "e7a4925e8512c4d9e3b6460f30dfbb17", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 4 }, - "text": "Number of Number of columns in Description lines each line" + "text": "Table 2 Description of file format for each problem instance." }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "a31604c2bcc4c1c3483860a3ae062f81", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "eb6bfdbc12e4721b9351354b8be44521", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 4 }, - "text": "The number of depots, the number of trips, and the number of locations. The number of vehicles r at each depot d. d One line for each trip, i¼" + "text": "Number of lines" }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "41b805ea7ac014e23556e98bb374702a", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "e3bc98e4a80921ee0fb24d0de9425bd5", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 4 }, - "text": ";" + "text": "Number of columns in each line" }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "a85100380c9ad1b14aa72862ec4628b4", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "c43500c63a83847bc5dd317182f0eaeb", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 4 }, - "text": ";…;n. Each line provides the start location ls, the start i time ts, the end location le and the end time te for the corresponding trip. i i i Each element, δ ; where i;" + "text": "Description" }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "41b805ea7ac014e23556e98bb374702a", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "d08b5c2d1c1818fed4aecb71dbd88dfe", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 4 }, - "text": ";" + "text": "1 1 n" }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "0815e59cdd0e83f371758dac27f9eb81", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "41a69e1feefeb9fc3da6681575258ad3", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 4 }, - "text": ";…;l, refers to the travel time between location i and ij location j." + "text": "3 m 4" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "764eef872135149aaf95224bab69c844", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "2403ade754d57e65d82387d4e14d226f", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "i , the start" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "0df3cce02f5a4b99df9519bfff5cdfc1", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "i , the end location le" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "6d7ebc44c5bc26207e62f4f628f912e1", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "l" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "6d7ebc44c5bc26207e62f4f628f912e1", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "l" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "5b0294965f25f778012e27476e7ec042", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -521,17 +1041,17 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "d7a335a83b8b7caabf5c2a1d748bd06a", + "element_id": "7797ef2531aca66f38fffe385b0a7cd1", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 4 }, - "text": "The procedure presented by Carpaneto et al. in [1] is used to generate the problem instances. same procedure has been used by Pepin et al. in [4] to generate the benchmark dataset of the A detailed description of the procedure is presented in [3]." + "text": "The procedure presented by Carpaneto et al. in [1] is used to generate the problem instances. The same procedure has been used by Pepin et al. in [4] to generate the benchmark dataset of the MDVSP. A detailed description of the procedure is presented in [3]." }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "157151c62675e261aaff2c214d91123b", + "element_id": "4ddef4f1d3c214f1ec68b83dd5ebb497", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -541,7 +1061,7 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "d202816913e482abce90d70d88f202c3", + "element_id": "81db7fab0806640b0cbbac862671704f", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -549,9 +1069,29 @@ }, "text": "Transparency document. Supporting information" }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "763984c1746e75f8ef8b739bc4898e78", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "Transparency document associated with this article can be found in the online version at https://doi." + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "ee72fe397a5d720a84e956c68621ce9f", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "org/10.1016/j.dib.2018.12.055." + }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "69824d3b0e70ca6aaa0da1613b65fd91", + "element_id": "e56261e0bd30965b8e68ed2abb15b141", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -560,13 +1100,103 @@ "text": "References" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "af77eddb4e5b699e2125b58884984195", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "27d7c880c155a9ee6ec0256843500d7d", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 4 }, - "text": "[1] G. Carpaneto, M. Dell'Amico, M. Fischetti, P. Toth, A branch and bound algorithm for the multiple depot vehicle scheduling problem, Networks 19 (5) (1989) 531–548. [2] N. Kliewer, T. Mellouli, L. Suhl, A time–space network based exact optimization model for multi-depot bus scheduling, Eur. J. Oper. Res. 175 (3) (2006) 1616–1627. [3] S. Kulkarni, M. Krishnamoorthy, A. Ranade, A.T. Ernst, R. Patil, A new formulation and a column generation-based heuristic for the multiple depot vehicle scheduling problem, Transp. Res. Part B Methodol. 118 (2018) 457–487. [4] A.S. Pepin, G. Desaulniers, A. Hertz, D. Huisman, A comparison of five heuristics for the multiple depot vehicle scheduling problem, J. Sched. 12 (1) (2009) 17. [5] C.C. Ribeiro, F. Soumis, A column generation approach to the multiple-depot vehicle scheduling problem, Oper. Res. 42 (1) (1994) 41–52." + "text": "[1] G. Carpaneto, M. Dell'Amico, M. Fischetti, P. Toth, A branch and bound algorithm for the multiple depot vehicle scheduling" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "7769a3cf6b227133f7f8e60362ba62d0", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "problem, Networks 19 (5) (1989) 531–548." + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "336d7e02090357244718e008fde3a991", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "[2] N. Kliewer, T. Mellouli, L. Suhl, A time–space network based exact optimization model for multi-depot bus scheduling, Eur." + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "7439ccb1d6cd9c9d8b900e0cea9a5f5f", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "J. Oper. Res. 175 (3) (2006) 1616–1627." + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "079e0129c1ada371956a00daf3d90ed1", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "[3] S. Kulkarni, M. Krishnamoorthy, A. Ranade, A.T. Ernst, R. Patil, A new formulation and a column generation-based heuristic" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "59db06417cc49fb0ed46b010b4a5aa3b", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "for the multiple depot vehicle scheduling problem, Transp. Res. Part B Methodol. 118 (2018) 457–487." + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "1f9aae763e91dc58dcdd1ae71ac9f550", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "[4] A.S. Pepin, G. Desaulniers, A. Hertz, D. Huisman, A comparison of five heuristics for the multiple depot vehicle scheduling" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "fc4e9c5ecc76321a2b0a8f5d4c5e92b0", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "problem, J. Sched. 12 (1) (2009) 17." + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "4b83a949e030fd8f2ab1322d29e28ff5", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "[5] C.C. Ribeiro, F. Soumis, A column generation approach to the multiple-depot vehicle scheduling problem, Oper. Res. 42 (1)" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "22060c083f4867ecb5c0f775b80c0798", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "(1994) 41–52." } ] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/biomed-path/07/07/sbaa031.073.PMC7234218.pdf.json b/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/biomed-path/07/07/sbaa031.073.PMC7234218.pdf.json index bde34f759..2cb2bb3b5 100644 --- a/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/biomed-path/07/07/sbaa031.073.PMC7234218.pdf.json +++ b/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/biomed-path/07/07/sbaa031.073.PMC7234218.pdf.json @@ -1,7 +1,27 @@ [ + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "cda1ae2f061dbdafb3374e6411d3823e", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "S32" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "d7106f2241a37dc4e61314f45da1ff5b", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "Poster Session I" + }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "e77987c7b17439bcfe8150c849de15a9", + "element_id": "7ffd3b09cb23fc26ab2411d70e53838a", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -11,27 +31,17 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "212ffda01df6b088ef8492dc27e5e461", + "element_id": "d16d8a1280ba2acf52f98e9d3c9c2301", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "40 mg/day=3.6%, p<0.05; 80 mg/day=4.9%, p<0.01; 120 PM dosing group: 20 mg/day=-0.4%, ns; 40" - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "386d01c3a035c53a261960e7553c898e", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 1 - }, - "text": "p<0.001, PM dosing group: 20 mg/day=-0.4%, ns; 40 mg/day=2.8%, p<0.05: 80 mg/day=0.2%, ns; 160 mg/day=5.8%, p<0.05). There was no clear dose-dependent trend associated with nausea and RD was similar between AM and PM dosing group (AM dosing group: 20 mg/ day=0.2% ns; 40 mg/day=3.8%, p<0.05; 80 mg/day=3.8%, ns; 120 mg/ day=6.6%, ns, PM dosing group: 20 mg/day=-1.6%, ns; 40 mg/day=-1.7%, ns; 80 mg/day=5.5%, p<0.01; 160 mg/day=2.8%, ns). Discussion: The risk of adverse events in the treatment of schizophrenia with lurasidone can vary depending on the timing of administration. In particular, for akathisia and somnolence, the incidence risks were reduced when lurasidone was administered in PM. Unlike with AM administration, the dose-dependence in the risks of these adverse events were not observed in lurasidone PM administration. The timing of lurasidone administration could be considered in effort to minimize potential adverse events." + "text": "ns; 40 mg/day=3.6%, p<0.05; 80 mg/day=4.9%, p<0.01; 120 mg/day=9.3%, p<0.001, PM dosing group: 20 mg/day=-0.4%, ns; 40 mg/day=2.8%, p<0.05: 80 mg/day=0.2%, ns; 160 mg/day=5.8%, p<0.05). There was no clear dose-dependent trend associated with nausea and RD was similar between AM and PM dosing group (AM dosing group: 20 mg/ day=0.2% ns; 40 mg/day=3.8%, p<0.05; 80 mg/day=3.8%, ns; 120 mg/ day=6.6%, ns, PM dosing group: 20 mg/day=-1.6%, ns; 40 mg/day=-1.7%, ns; 80 mg/day=5.5%, p<0.01; 160 mg/day=2.8%, ns). Discussion: The risk of adverse events in the treatment of schizophrenia with lurasidone can vary depending on the timing of administration. In particular, for akathisia and somnolence, the incidence risks were reduced when lurasidone was administered in PM. Unlike with AM administration, the dose-dependence in the risks of these adverse events were not observed in lurasidone PM administration. The timing of lurasidone administration could be considered in effort to minimize potential adverse events." }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "15ef5407945d4d6b7863b5afaeb5ccb7", + "element_id": "c02ccab64d2a356a96f5394a2b92fa0b", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -41,17 +51,17 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "f840a64edde30227ef811444e3d98073", + "element_id": "d981d6dfaa8794c0bb733db0965b2831", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "Amedeo Minichino*1, Beata Godlewska1, Philip Cowen1, Philip Burnet1, Belinda Lennox1" + "text": "Amedeo Minichino*1, Beata Godlewska1, Philip Cowen1, Philip Burnet1, Belinda Lennox1 1University of Oxford" }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "87729f38cab913c4c23019736f8609f0", + "element_id": "0302f9e0f412cb4c63f13818e571c25c", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -61,97 +71,37 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "856ef376d66a30635256534344601ff3", + "element_id": "6164e852cb79f9408e833e350240ac5c", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "Background: Meta-analytic evidence showed increased levels of periph- eral endocannabinoid metabolites in psychotic illness. Alterations in the endocannabinoid system are believed to compromise glutamate and do- pamine transmission, which play a central role in pathophysiological models of psychosis. I will present preliminary data from an ongoing high-field proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) study aimed at investigating the association between peripheral levels of endocannabinoid system metabolites and central glutamate metabolism in individuals at their" + "text": "Background: Meta-analytic evidence showed increased levels of periph- eral endocannabinoid metabolites in psychotic illness. Alterations in the endocannabinoid system are believed to compromise glutamate and do- pamine transmission, which play a central role in pathophysiological models of psychosis. I will present preliminary data from an ongoing high-field proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) study aimed at investigating the association between peripheral levels of endocannabinoid system metabolites and central glutamate metabolism in individuals at their first non-affective psychotic episode (NA-FEP) and healthy controls. Methods: We expect to recruit 17 NA-FEP and 20 healthy controls by January 2020. Currently, we recruited 12 NA-FEP and 18 healthy controls from two different research facilities (Imperial College London and University of Oxford) as part of a cross-sectional study. Participants un- derwent MRS scanning at 7-T with voxels placed in right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (right-DLPFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and oc- cipital cortex. Neuro-metabolites will be calculated using the unsuppressed water signal as reference. Endocannabinoid metabolites were quantified from serum samples, collected during the same imaging session. Results: Analyses are ongoing. Based on previous evidence, expected findings are: (i) reduced glutamate levels in the ACC and right-DLPFC of NA-FEP compared to controls; (ii) increased peripheral endocannabinoid metabolites in NA-FEP compared to controls; and (iii) inverse association between peripheral endocannabinoid metabolites and glutamate levels in ACC and right-DLPFC in NA-FEP Discussion: This study will help clarifying the contribution of peripheral endocannabinoid system to central brain mechanisms of key relevance for psychotic illness. It will also add further evidence on the limited literature on high-resolution characterisation of brain metabolites in early psychosis. Strengths of the study include: (i) use of high-field MRS, which allows the estimation of glutamate-related compounds at higher precision than at lower field strength; (ii) reduced heterogeneity of the clinical sample (only male and NA-FEP). Limitations: small sample size and cross-sectional design." }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "fe6d77c57ae1de9b87f86c745241351a", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "18b532c1eceea81650bc4925582c44c1", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "eral endocannabinoid metabolites in psychotic illness. Alterations in the endocannabinoid system are believed to compromise glutamate and do- pamine transmission, which play a central role in pathophysiological models of psychosis. I will present preliminary data from an ongoing high-field proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) study aimed at investigating the association between peripheral levels of endocannabinoid system metabolites and central glutamate metabolism in individuals at their first non-affective psychotic episode (NA-FEP) and healthy controls. Methods: We expect to recruit 17 NA-FEP and 20 healthy controls by January 2020. Currently, we recruited 12 NA-FEP and 18 healthy controls from two different research facilities (Imperial College London and University of Oxford) as part of a cross-sectional study. Participants un- derwent MRS scanning at 7-T with voxels placed in right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (right-DLPFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and oc- cipital cortex. Neuro-metabolites will be calculated using the unsuppressed water signal as reference. Endocannabinoid metabolites were quantified from serum samples, collected during the same imaging session. Results: Analyses are ongoing. Based on previous evidence, expected findings are: (i) reduced glutamate levels in the ACC and right-DLPFC of NA-FEP compared to controls; (ii) increased peripheral endocannabinoid metabolites in NA-FEP compared to controls; and (iii) inverse association between peripheral endocannabinoid metabolites and glutamate levels in ACC and right-DLPFC in NA-FEP Discussion: This study will help clarifying the contribution of peripheral endocannabinoid system to central brain mechanisms of key relevance for psychotic illness. It will also add further evidence on the limited literature on high-resolution characterisation of brain metabolites in early psychosis. Strengths of the study include: (i) use of high-field MRS, which allows the estimation of glutamate-related compounds at higher precision than at lower field strength; (ii) reduced heterogeneity of the clinical sample (only male and NA-FEP). Limitations: small sample size and cross-sectional design." + "text": "Anna Castelnovo1, Cecilia Casetta2, Francesco Donati3, Renata del Giudice3, Caroline Zangani3, Simone Sarasso3, Armando D’Agostino*3 1Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Switzerland; 2Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, England; 3Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "d258de4d2237cd8eec630531366f28c7", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "8aa10e9d14227aadb36fe13b1086b431", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "Anna Castelnovo1, Cecilia Casetta2, Francesco Donati3, Renata del Giudice3, Caroline Zangani3, Simone Sarasso3," - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "7bd18c510f2f36052d646353186ec9b9", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 1 - }, - "text": "1Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Switzerland; 2Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, England; 3Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy" - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "8f3a9a89266b324f14a3581b118075ee", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 1 - }, - "text": "Methods: We expect to recruit 17 NA-FEP and 20 healthy controls by January 2020. Currently, we recruited 12 NA-FEP and 18 healthy controls from two different research facilities (Imperial College London and University of Oxford) as part of a cross-sectional study. Participants un- derwent MRS scanning at 7-T with voxels placed in right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (right-DLPFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and oc- cipital cortex. Neuro-metabolites will be calculated using the unsuppressed water signal as reference. Endocannabinoid metabolites were quantified from serum samples, collected during the same imaging session. Results: Analyses are ongoing. Based on previous evidence, expected" - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "432b394cbfb1450398063f20cb7a7cdd", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 1 - }, - "text": "Background: Slow waves, the hallmark of the deep nonrapid eye move- ment sleep electroencephalogram (EEG), are critical for restorative sleep and brain plasticity. They arise from the synchronous depolarization and hyperpolarization of millions of cortical neurons and their proper gen- eration and propagation relies upon the integrity of widespread cortico- thalamic networks. Slow wave abnormalities have been reported in patient with Schizophrenia, although with partially contradictory results, probably related to antipsychotic and sedative medications. Recently, their presence and delineation, have been convincingly shown in first-episode psychosis patients (FEP). However, clear evidence of this biomarker at the onset of the disease, prior to any psychopharmacological intervention, remains limited. Moreover, no attempt has been made to elucidate the prognostic meaning of this finding." - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "c7ef645a3ce73f2ef0479d20f26a47e0", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 1 - }, - "text": "Results: Analyses are ongoing. Based on previous evidence, expected findings are: (i) reduced glutamate levels in the ACC and right-DLPFC of NA-FEP compared to controls; (ii) increased peripheral endocannabinoid metabolites in NA-FEP compared to controls; and (iii) inverse association between peripheral endocannabinoid metabolites and glutamate levels in ACC and right-DLPFC in NA-FEP" - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "80c41b4abd6c3d2ad145cc4d726be8ec", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 1 - }, - "text": "raphy recordings (64-channel BrainAmp, Brain Products GmbH, Gilching, Germany) in 20 drug-naive FEP patients and 20 healthy control subjects (HC). Several clinical psychometric scales as well as neurocognitive tests were administered to all subjects in order to better define psychopatholog- ical status and vulnerability. EEG slow wave activity (SWA, spectral power between 1 and 4 Hz) and several slow wave parameters were computed at each electrode location, including density and amplitude, at each electrode location. Along with a group analysis between FEP and HC, a subgroup analysis was also computed between patients who showed a progression of symptoms to full-blown Schizophrenia (SCZ, n = 10) over the next 12-month follow-up and those who did not (OTH, n = 10). Results: Sleep macro-architecture was globally preserved in FEP patients. SWA (1–4 Hz) was lower in FEP compared to HC but this difference didn’t" - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "cd6ce42dd231c70217aa183b1df8fc63", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 1 - }, - "text": "Results: Sleep macro-architecture was globally preserved in FEP patients. SWA (1–4 Hz) was lower in FEP compared to HC but this difference didn’t reach statistical significance. Slow wave density was decreased in FEP compared to HC, with a significance that survived multiple comparison correction over a large fronto-central cluster. Mean amplitude was pre- served. At the subgroup analysis, these results were largely driven by the subgroup of patients with a confirmed diagnosis of SCZ at a 12-month fol- low-up. Indeed, no difference could be found between OTH and HC, while a strong significance was still evident between SCZ and HC." + "text": "Background: Slow waves, the hallmark of the deep nonrapid eye move- ment sleep electroencephalogram (EEG), are critical for restorative sleep and brain plasticity. They arise from the synchronous depolarization and hyperpolarization of millions of cortical neurons and their proper gen- eration and propagation relies upon the integrity of widespread cortico- thalamic networks. Slow wave abnormalities have been reported in patient with Schizophrenia, although with partially contradictory results, probably related to antipsychotic and sedative medications. Recently, their presence and delineation, have been convincingly shown in first-episode psychosis patients (FEP). However, clear evidence of this biomarker at the onset of the disease, prior to any psychopharmacological intervention, remains limited. Moreover, no attempt has been made to elucidate the prognostic meaning of this finding. Methods: We collected whole night sleep high–density electroencephalog- raphy recordings (64-channel BrainAmp, Brain Products GmbH, Gilching, Germany) in 20 drug-naive FEP patients and 20 healthy control subjects (HC). Several clinical psychometric scales as well as neurocognitive tests were administered to all subjects in order to better define psychopatholog- ical status and vulnerability. EEG slow wave activity (SWA, spectral power between 1 and 4 Hz) and several slow wave parameters were computed at each electrode location, including density and amplitude, at each electrode location. Along with a group analysis between FEP and HC, a subgroup analysis was also computed between patients who showed a progression of symptoms to full-blown Schizophrenia (SCZ, n = 10) over the next 12-month follow-up and those who did not (OTH, n = 10). Results: Sleep macro-architecture was globally preserved in FEP patients. SWA (1–4 Hz) was lower in FEP compared to HC but this difference didn’t reach statistical significance. Slow wave density was decreased in FEP compared to HC, with a significance that survived multiple comparison correction over a large fronto-central cluster. Mean amplitude was pre- served. At the subgroup analysis, these results were largely driven by the subgroup of patients with a confirmed diagnosis of SCZ at a 12-month fol- low-up. Indeed, no difference could be found between OTH and HC, while a strong significance was still evident between SCZ and HC." }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "5807689818fb4d4d7e7112bae842b50c", + "element_id": "80abb04ec613b1d325ce6b8d0bb3349d", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -161,12 +111,32 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "59aa170fed2f7a1ab36e75f0cd0461c4", + "element_id": "3f834ac0bf8b0dbd8d64ee065820467f", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 1 }, "text": "Camila Loureiro*1, Corsi-Zuelli Fabiana1, Fachim Helene Aparecida1, Shuhama Rosana1, Menezes Paulo Rossi1, Dalton Caroline F2," + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "117f7774fd093a60d964cc5b461f3e22", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "AQ3" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "44b59a545030365cd1ad225ed05ff22d", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "SIRS 2020 Abstracts" } ] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/s3/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf.json b/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/s3/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf.json index 441f94371..959047940 100644 --- a/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/s3/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf.json +++ b/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/s3/small-pdf-set/2023-Jan-economic-outlook.pdf.json @@ -1,17 +1,47 @@ [ { - "type": "FigureCaption", - "element_id": "c65cb97943f4a5e4222e9aaee059edd0", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "66f6ad4c6fdc6c699a4f1dd45f0fb6e6", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "WORLD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK UPDATE Inflation Peaking amid Low Growth 2023 JAN" + "text": "INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "187c995b9064f8ad504b143c5547df00", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "WORLD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK UPDATE Inflation Peaking amid Low Growth" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "275d5e9357dc7d567f8407c957c6fb3d", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "2023 JAN" + }, + { + "type": "Image", + "element_id": "99da8c57dbe142711b2490953f27157f", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 2 + }, + "text": "JANive, WORLD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK UPDATE" }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "85e4ff3addb38328ecc08ec49759def7", + "element_id": "12d4f57c3f43b0afbdf88305940258bc", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -20,248 +50,88 @@ "text": "Inflation Peaking amid Low Growth" }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "a43f44509d551e8afd0e0ed531d1dde9", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "9fe27138e05d3a42d1e5cc57bc1fbc54", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "percent in" + "text": " Global growth is projected to fall from an estimated 3.4 percent in 2022 to 2.9 percent in 2023, then rise to 3.1 percent in 2024. The forecast for 2023 is 0.2 percentage point higher than predicted in the October 2022 World Economic Outlook (WEO) but below the historical (2000–19) average of 3.8 percent. The rise in central bank rates to fight inflation and Russia’s war in Ukraine continue to weigh on economic activity. The rapid spread of COVID-19 in China dampened growth in 2022, but the recent reopening has paved the way for a faster-than-expected recovery. Global inflation is expected to fall from 8.8 percent in 2022 to 6.6 percent in 2023 and 4.3 percent in 2024, still above pre-pandemic (2017–19) levels of about 3.5 percent." }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "126f409931aaefcb88f7245366322e5a", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "ff980e4bbab935558bb3730a58baf910", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "The forecast for" + "text": " The balance of risks remains tilted to the downside, but adverse risks have moderated since the October 2022" }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "fa51fd49abf67705d6a35d18218c115f", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "81d7cf3c72f15badc91683174d8cb22e", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "is" + "text": "WEO. On the upside, a stronger boost from pent-up demand in numerous economies or a faster fall in inflation are plausible. On the downside, severe health outcomes in China could hold back the recovery, Russia’s war in Ukraine could escalate, and tighter global financing conditions could worsen debt distress. Financial markets could also suddenly reprice in response to adverse inflation news, while further geopolitical fragmentation could hamper economic progress." }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "b931e487c7ddf8d2c3ff64f424c447e8", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "0f320c1bc45e0929f46b6c51c5fbafd4", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "percentage point higher than predicted in the October" + "text": " In most economies, amid the cost-of-living crisis, the priority remains achieving sustained disinflation. With" }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "ad428f14185a9186df3243f3d2bcba0f", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "cdf520693b6ec6dc4877bc4aedea746c", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "World Economic Outlook (WEO) but below the historical (" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "d4f85d36757c12f0c6dab57721287f32", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": "–" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "59b64a4f379379f40c2e2dae648bbe86", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": ") average of" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "b862480cc8c7b262d4530f218b3962c5", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": "percent. The rise in central bank rates to fight inflation and Russia’s war in Ukraine continue to weigh on economic activity. The rapid spread of COVID-" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "a632a9497576b18f031b67b266292d8d", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": "in China dampened growth in" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "db0dac31e953034b1cc9e005662be7f0", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": ", but the recent reopening has paved the way for a faster-than-expected recovery. Global inflation is expected to fall from" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "a43f44509d551e8afd0e0ed531d1dde9", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": "percent in" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "663ea1bfffe5038f3f0cf667f14c4257", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": "to" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "a43f44509d551e8afd0e0ed531d1dde9", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": "percent in" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "6201111b83a0cb5b0922cb37cc442b9a", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": "and" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "a43f44509d551e8afd0e0ed531d1dde9", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": "percent in" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "fa6c5a7a83e95f1ab9363fb9dc8b8356", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": ", still above pre-pandemic (" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "d4f85d36757c12f0c6dab57721287f32", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": "–" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "50da8ff0ab4f7688f69a954049e5ba08", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": ") levels of about" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "5ba319d9fbe1e3b52b493e171a834b9e", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": "percent. The balance of risks remains tilted to the downside, but adverse risks have moderated since the October" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "0de8a0d46d66475dfca97336c93372c1", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": "WEO. On the upside, a stronger boost from pent-up demand in numerous economies or a faster fall in inflation are plausible. On the downside, severe health outcomes in China could hold back the recovery, Russia’s war in Ukraine could escalate, and tighter global financing conditions could worsen debt distress. Financial markets could also suddenly reprice in response to adverse inflation news, while further geopolitical fragmentation could hamper economic progress. In most economies, amid the cost-of-living crisis, the priority remains achieving sustained disinflation. With tighter monetary conditions and lower growth potentially affecting financial and debt stability, it is necessary to deploy macroprudential tools and strengthen debt restructuring frameworks. Accelerating COVID-" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "b7aeb9bedc9227d4a5d4e23dea450d11", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 2 - }, - "text": "vaccinations in China would safeguard the recovery, with positive cross-border spillovers. Fiscal support should be better targeted at those most affected by elevated food and energy prices, and broad-based fiscal relief measures should be withdrawn. Stronger multilateral cooperation is essential to preserve the gains from the rules-based multilateral system and to mitigate climate change by limiting emissions and raising green investment." + "text": "tighter monetary conditions and lower growth potentially affecting financial and debt stability, it is necessary to deploy macroprudential tools and strengthen debt restructuring frameworks. Accelerating COVID-19 vaccinations in China would safeguard the recovery, with positive cross-border spillovers. Fiscal support should be better targeted at those most affected by elevated food and energy prices, and broad-based fiscal relief measures should be withdrawn. Stronger multilateral cooperation is essential to preserve the gains from the rules-based multilateral system and to mitigate climate change by limiting emissions and raising green investment." }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb924", + "element_id": "0953470500eb215048fd49263b8829a4", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "" + "text": "Forces Shaping the Outlook" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "abca9128332b92159b099e66edd848f3", + "element_id": "bb50ad035681bfb501e33a52abe173ad", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "The global fight against inflation, Russia’s war in Ukraine, and a resurgence of COVID-19 in China weighed on global economic activity in 2022, and the first two factors will continue to do so in" + "text": "The global fight against inflation, Russia’s war in Ukraine, and a resurgence of COVID-19 in China weighed on global economic activity in 2022, and the first two factors will continue to do so in 2023." }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "f7ffa74672761e1c4d01ddcc508153e4", + "element_id": "041668dbcf5b0c4114acae7ef393f5cd", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 2 }, - "text": "Despite these headwinds, real GDP was surprisingly strong in the third quarter of 2022 in economies, including the United States, the euro area, and major emerging market and economies. The sources of these surprises were in many cases domestic: stronger-than-expected private consumption and investment amid tight labor markets and greater-than-anticipated fiscal support. Households spent more to satisfy pent-up demand, particularly on services, partly by drawing down their stock of savings as economies reopened. Business investment rose to meet demand. On the supply side, easing bottlenecks and declining transportation costs reduced on input prices and allowed for a rebound in previously constrained sectors, such as motor Energy markets have adjusted faster than expected to the shock from Russia’s invasion of" + "text": "Despite these headwinds, real GDP was surprisingly strong in the third quarter of 2022 in numerous economies, including the United States, the euro area, and major emerging market and developing economies. The sources of these surprises were in many cases domestic: stronger-than-expected private consumption and investment amid tight labor markets and greater-than-anticipated fiscal support. Households spent more to satisfy pent-up demand, particularly on services, partly by drawing down their stock of savings as economies reopened. Business investment rose to meet demand. On the supply side, easing bottlenecks and declining transportation costs reduced pressures on input prices and allowed for a rebound in previously constrained sectors, such as motor vehicles. Energy markets have adjusted faster than expected to the shock from Russia’s invasion of Ukraine." }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "dff01c1978409b9a513db147290948f8", + "element_id": "42213af1ed4e31e1ce00eba6ce07ee5e", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -271,167 +141,347 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "fe2b47d7f897185012ad14914e91f88c", + "element_id": "15d7968ef76d05b9b7d490cd2ebe6550", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 3 }, - "text": "multiple large COVID-19 outbreaks in Beijing and other densely populated localities. Renewed lockdowns accompanied the outbreaks until the relaxation of COVID-19 restrictions in and December, which paved the way for a full reopening. Real estate investment continued to contract, and developer restructuring is proceeding slowly, amid the lingering property market Developers have yet to deliver on a large backlog of presold housing, and downward pressure is building on house prices (so far limited by home price floors). The authorities have responded additional monetary and fiscal policy easing, new vaccination targets for the elderly, and steps to support the completion of unfinished real estate projects. However, consumer and business sentiment remained subdued in late 2022. China’s slowdown has reduced global trade growth international commodity prices." + "text": "COVID-19 deepens China’s slowdown. Economic activity in China slowed in the fourth quarter amid multiple large COVID-19 outbreaks in Beijing and other densely populated localities. Renewed lockdowns accompanied the outbreaks until the relaxation of COVID-19 restrictions in November and December, which paved the way for a full reopening. Real estate investment continued to contract, and developer restructuring is proceeding slowly, amid the lingering property market crisis. Developers have yet to deliver on a large backlog of presold housing, and downward pressure is building on house prices (so far limited by home price floors). The authorities have responded with additional monetary and fiscal policy easing, new vaccination targets for the elderly, and steps to support the completion of unfinished real estate projects. However, consumer and business sentiment remained subdued in late 2022. China’s slowdown has reduced global trade growth and international commodity prices." }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "d615791ee1bf405e42c8f0f1db787b41", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "32f46afc9ab9de517a9d66d515008e9f", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 3 }, - "text": "Monetary policy starts to bite. Signs are apparent that monetary policy tightening is starting to cool demand and inflation, but the full impact is unlikely to be realized before" + "text": "Monetary policy starts to bite. Signs are apparent that monetary policy tightening is starting to cool demand and inflation, but the full impact is unlikely to be realized before 2024. Global headline inflation appears to have peaked in the third quarter of 2022 (Figure 1). Prices of fuel and nonfuel commodities have declined, lowering headline inflation, notably in the United States, the euro area, and Latin America. But underlying (core) inflation has not yet peaked in most economies and remains well above pre-pandemic levels. It has persisted amid second-round effects from earlier cost shocks and tight labor markets with robust wage growth as consumer demand has remained resilient. Medium-term inflation expectations generally remain anchored, but some gauges are up. These developments have caused central banks to raise rates faster than expected, especially in the United States and the euro area, and to signal that rates will stay elevated for longer. Core inflation is declining in some economies that have completed their tightening cycle—such as Brazil. Financial markets are displaying high sensitivity to inflation news, with equity markets rising following recent releases of lower inflation data in anticipation of interest rate cuts (Box 1), despite central banks’ communicating their resolve to tighten policy further. With the peak in US headline inflation and an acceleration in rate hikes by several non-US central banks, the dollar has weakened since September but remains significantly stronger than a year ago." }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "5696667b43a2b853477cc8156d814518", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "46e79d62a98bd3d789932f6067e287f9", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 3 }, - "text": "Global headline inflation appears to have peaked in the third quarter of" + "text": "Median country Brazil" }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "7c34e0dd921e1512fe90c9f84f8a2e7c", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "884129b7691d98f541650f9974a03432", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 3 }, - "text": "(Figure" + "text": "United States" }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "7f56e5da1507d0e19da4f73ce176727c", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "f6c3fd5799c2eef312a23fc38f106b71", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 3 }, - "text": "). Prices of fuel and nonfuel commodities have declined, lowering headline inflation, notably in the United States, the euro area, and Latin America. But underlying (core) inflation has not yet peaked in most economies and remains well above pre-pandemic levels. It has persisted amid second-round effects from earlier cost shocks and tight labor markets with robust wage growth as consumer demand has remained resilient. Medium-term inflation expectations generally remain anchored, but some gauges are up. These developments have caused central banks to raise rates faster than expected, especially in the United States and the euro area, and to signal that rates will stay elevated for longer. Core inflation is declining in some economies that have completed their tightening cycle—such as Brazil. Financial markets are displaying high sensitivity to inflation news, with equity markets rising following recent releases of lower inflation data in anticipation of interest rate cuts (Box" + "text": "Euro area" }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "8d8b457c43099ecc4a236724a2c42cca", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "57fc9bcaeb3e10af7c346784ab265262", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 3 }, - "text": "), despite central banks’ communicating their resolve to tighten policy further. With the peak in US headline inflation and an acceleration in rate hikes by several non-US central banks, the" + "text": "18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 –2" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "4615380b5cffb82f6b9c5e2dd6459757", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 3 + }, + "text": "1. Headline Inflation" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "982a4e27ceee8ebea442a9e655d514a2", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 3 + }, + "text": "Jan. 2019" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "977d74af7626f2abfd2ac76999c2b532", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 3 + }, + "text": "Jul. 19" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "b02dddf9e55f98d11d6f969e781256c7", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 3 + }, + "text": "Jan. 20" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "44ea2235bcfba828c66c9e07ae9de9ab", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 3 + }, + "text": "Jul. 20" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "5abf188738ee99991cae53cd3942588b", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 3 + }, + "text": "Jan. 21" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "18f1504e5633185fe4f66dc0215c7e0f", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 3 + }, + "text": "Jul. 21" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "d5190b32fd3af45c0dc1599725380144", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 3 + }, + "text": "Jan. 22" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "5b7e9f3b7b7e91b3cb4e6195c1f36d25", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 3 + }, + "text": "Jul. 22" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "ecd9703cc08fd1fb525673b558111d7b", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 3 + }, + "text": "Nov. 22" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "42954d589ec9936c27951193ea1a0055", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 3 + }, + "text": "16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "f71f3bada3b49736b1a8857b091c9415", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 3 + }, + "text": "2. Core Inflation" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "c620a5b5b4db7227ec57c4de63d5705a", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 3 + }, + "text": "–2" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "982a4e27ceee8ebea442a9e655d514a2", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 3 + }, + "text": "Jan. 2019" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "977d74af7626f2abfd2ac76999c2b532", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 3 + }, + "text": "Jul. 19" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "b02dddf9e55f98d11d6f969e781256c7", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 3 + }, + "text": "Jan. 20" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "44ea2235bcfba828c66c9e07ae9de9ab", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 3 + }, + "text": "Jul. 20" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "5abf188738ee99991cae53cd3942588b", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 3 + }, + "text": "Jan. 21" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "18f1504e5633185fe4f66dc0215c7e0f", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 3 + }, + "text": "Jul. 21" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "d5190b32fd3af45c0dc1599725380144", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 3 + }, + "text": "Jan. 22" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "5b7e9f3b7b7e91b3cb4e6195c1f36d25", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 3 + }, + "text": "Jul. 22" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "ecd9703cc08fd1fb525673b558111d7b", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 3 + }, + "text": "Nov. 22" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "0cce65035ca66e9be782c845ddd606e2", + "element_id": "6814df88a59d11e9fcf76a7ed0f5fdfc", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 3 }, - "text": "Figure 1. Twin Peaks? Headline and Core Inflation (Percent, year over year)" - }, - { - "type": "FigureCaption", - "element_id": "6d077f30e00137dc0b1605c3dd588b6d", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 3 - }, - "text": "Median country United States Euro area Brazil 18 1. Headline Inflation 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 –2 Jan. Jul. Jan. Jul. Jan. Jul. Jan. Jul. Nov. 2019 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 22 16 2. Core Inflation 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 –2 Jan. Jul. Jan. Jul. Jan. Jul. Jan. Jul. Nov. 2019 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 22" + "text": "Winter comes to Europe. European economic growth in 2022 was more resilient than expected in the face of the large negative terms-of-trade shock from the war in Ukraine. This resilience––which is" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "87c9f6aa3b229d4e2496bd4c0f7cad3f", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 3 - }, - "text": "Note: The figure shows the developments in headline and core inflation across 18 advanced economies and 17 emerging market and developing economies. Core inflation is the change in prices for goods and services, but excluding those for food and energy (or the closest available measure). For the euro area (and other European countries for which the data are available), energy, food, alcohol, and tobacco are excluded. The gray bands depict the 10th to 90th percentiles of inflation across economies." - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "b3aa565784adcdd373bfdb118d680f62", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 3 - }, - "text": "rate hikes by several non-US central banks, the dollar has weakened since September but remains significantly stronger than a year ago." - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "9ac3633324cad086132de9282217be92", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 3 - }, - "text": "Winter comes to Europe. European economic growth in 2022 was more resilient than expected in face of the large negative terms-of-trade shock from the war in Ukraine. This resilience––which" - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "7271e129ef10a7941180d98ec0f6330c", + "element_id": "83ce77349b07c275543d551c2c016370", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 4 }, - "text": "visible in consumption and investment data for the third quarter––partly reflects government support of about 1.2 percent of European Union GDP (net budgetary cost) to households and hit by the energy crisis, as well as dynamism from economies reopening. Gas prices have declined more than expected amid higher non-Russian pipeline and liquefied natural gas flows, of demand for gas, and a warmer-than-usual winter. However, the boost from reopening appears be fading. High-frequency indicators for the fourth quarter suggest that the manufacturing and services sectors are contracting. Consumer confidence and business sentiment have worsened. inflation at about 10 percent or above in several euro area countries and the United Kingdom, household budgets remain stretched. The accelerated pace of rate increases by the Bank of and the European Central Bank is tightening financial conditions and cooling demand in the sector and beyond." + "text": "visible in consumption and investment data for the third quarter––partly reflects government support of about 1.2 percent of European Union GDP (net budgetary cost) to households and firms hit by the energy crisis, as well as dynamism from economies reopening. Gas prices have declined by more than expected amid higher non-Russian pipeline and liquefied natural gas flows, compression of demand for gas, and a warmer-than-usual winter. However, the boost from reopening appears to be fading. High-frequency indicators for the fourth quarter suggest that the manufacturing and services sectors are contracting. Consumer confidence and business sentiment have worsened. With inflation at about 10 percent or above in several euro area countries and the United Kingdom, household budgets remain stretched. The accelerated pace of rate increases by the Bank of England and the European Central Bank is tightening financial conditions and cooling demand in the housing sector and beyond." }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb924", + "element_id": "26a20452d058d66ad402559f659cec7c", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 4 }, - "text": "" + "text": "The Forecast" }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb924", + "element_id": "5779b9b7d25794d3b4ed1fe4e61f6617", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 4 }, - "text": "" + "text": "Growth Bottoming Out" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "ed96fd15d51e3dbfac326e91ee3ea7bf", + "element_id": "22011dc596eec73711d7dac8d99b41b6", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 4 }, - "text": "Global growth, estimated at 3.4 percent in 2022, is projected to fall to 2.9 percent in 2023 before to 3.1 percent in 2024 (Table 1). Compared with the October forecast, the estimate for 2022 and forecast for 2023 are both higher by about 0.2 percentage point, reflecting positive surprises and greater-than-expected resilience in numerous economies. Negative growth in global GDP or global GDP per capita—which often happens when there is a global recession—is not expected. Nevertheless, global growth projected for 2023 and 2024 is below the historical (2000–19) annual average of 3.8 percent." + "text": "Global growth, estimated at 3.4 percent in 2022, is projected to fall to 2.9 percent in 2023 before rising to 3.1 percent in 2024 (Table 1). Compared with the October forecast, the estimate for 2022 and the forecast for 2023 are both higher by about 0.2 percentage point, reflecting positive surprises and greater-than-expected resilience in numerous economies. Negative growth in global GDP or global GDP per capita—which often happens when there is a global recession—is not expected. Nevertheless, global growth projected for 2023 and 2024 is below the historical (2000–19) annual average of 3.8 percent." }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "8257a9ada72f94028dea9f9fcd79f97f", + "element_id": "97e04ee873fea0151df00f7b1fb4ca42", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 4 }, - "text": "The forecast of low growth in 2023 reflects the rise in central bank rates to fight inflation–– especially in advanced economies––as well as the war in Ukraine. The decline in growth in 2023 from 2022 is driven by advanced economies; in emerging market and developing economies, is estimated to have bottomed out in 2022. Growth is expected to pick up in China with the full reopening in 2023. The expected pickup in 2024 in both groups of economies reflects gradual recovery from the effects of the war in Ukraine and subsiding inflation. Following the path of demand, world trade growth is expected to decline in 2023 to 2.4 percent, despite an easing of supply bottlenecks, before rising to 3.4 percent in 2024." + "text": "The forecast of low growth in 2023 reflects the rise in central bank rates to fight inflation–– especially in advanced economies––as well as the war in Ukraine. The decline in growth in 2023 from 2022 is driven by advanced economies; in emerging market and developing economies, growth is estimated to have bottomed out in 2022. Growth is expected to pick up in China with the full reopening in 2023. The expected pickup in 2024 in both groups of economies reflects gradual recovery from the effects of the war in Ukraine and subsiding inflation. Following the path of global demand, world trade growth is expected to decline in 2023 to 2.4 percent, despite an easing of supply bottlenecks, before rising to 3.4 percent in 2024." }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "29f7da43c21b67ccf73a6d82aaf2f37d", + "element_id": "e08dfaba8a8dc7496a44cb172319d4ba", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -441,7 +491,7 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "a66ad6a891a98004d235816ccb6f798a", + "element_id": "73a39336fb540e7d57ec85dfa8e92799", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -449,9 +499,19 @@ }, "text": "For advanced economies, growth is projected to decline sharply from 2.7 percent in 2022 to 1.2 percent in 2023 before rising to 1.4 percent in 2024, with a downward revision of 0.2 percentage point for 2024. About 90 percent of advanced economies are projected to see a decline in growth in 2023." }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "dc5a043db14fe0dd4f128194aa8a9b77", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "" + }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "e8461ba4bbf4110ce195ca03366ae1f0", + "element_id": "e84075ae46df9d9ad37d947011c05a7f", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -460,208 +520,78 @@ "text": "In the United States, growth is projected to fall from 2.0 percent in 2022 to 1.4 percent in 2023 and 1.0 percent in 2024. With growth rebounding in the second half of 2024, growth in 2024 will be faster than in 2023 on a fourth-quarter-over-fourth-quarter basis, as in most advanced" }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "bf580d50aefc21b403d562faa61f6064", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "67f04acf5353c625d003fd003acb56f3", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 5 }, - "text": "reflecting carryover effects from domestic demand resilience in" + "text": "economies. There is a 0.4 percentage point upward revision for annual growth in 2023, reflecting carryover effects from domestic demand resilience in 2022, but a 0.2 percentage point downward revision of growth in 2024 due to the steeper path of Federal Reserve rate hikes, to a peak of about 5.1 percent in 2023." }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "95f48aa563db9aa7c52fa0cfa49105ad", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "4a72291b2177cbd0fbd5dc6645a98334", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 5 }, - "text": ", but a" + "text": " Growth in the euro area is projected to bottom out at 0.7 percent in 2023 before rising to 1.6" }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "8cec2c645e9f9a0b31abce398f5f1c0e", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "d3ec5bbfa1856c0f5d05d6a16ae2dc33", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 5 }, - "text": "percentage downward revision of growth in" + "text": "percent in 2024. The 0.2 percentage point upward revision to the forecast for 2023 reflects the effects of faster rate hikes by the European Central Bank and eroding real incomes, offset by the carryover from the 2022 outturn, lower wholesale energy prices, and additional announcements of fiscal purchasing power support in the form of energy price controls and cash transfers." }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "c6069422b93e6e00ef10a97989ac2d46", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "07d88bf389f6006424d013852f00b386", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 5 }, - "text": "due to the steeper path of Federal Reserve rate hikes, peak of about" + "text": " Growth in the United Kingdom is projected to be –0.6 percent in 2023, a 0.9 percentage point" }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "a43f44509d551e8afd0e0ed531d1dde9", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "23df07a0b40658040237cfdf07b91a7d", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 5 }, - "text": "percent in" + "text": "downward revision from October, reflecting tighter fiscal and monetary policies and financial conditions and still-high energy retail prices weighing on household budgets." }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "2b674b87cc17a80478d560b3e2ad6bc9", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "f83ac74475b6cf8f7fbae82d16d18129", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 5 }, - "text": "Growth in the euro area is projected to bottom out at" + "text": " Growth in Japan is projected to rise to 1.8 percent in 2023, with continued monetary and fiscal" }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "a43f44509d551e8afd0e0ed531d1dde9", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "50481f0cacc6e8d5fc5f6167de650b4b", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 5 }, - "text": "percent in" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "d022894249c281fe6411007509bfc366", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 - }, - "text": "before rising to" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "a43f44509d551e8afd0e0ed531d1dde9", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 - }, - "text": "percent in" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "b344d80e24a3679999fa964450b34bc2", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 - }, - "text": "The" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "9abaee846acd9c4eb514b4cb7642024c", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 - }, - "text": "percentage point upward revision to the forecast for" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "ad50047e84be778437d0f7db4e5feefe", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 - }, - "text": "reflects effects of faster rate hikes by the European Central Bank and eroding real incomes, offset by the carryover from the" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "25f578b0ced1359ed79cc6b5451a2070", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 - }, - "text": "outturn, lower wholesale energy prices, and additional announcements of fiscal purchasing power support in the form of energy price controls and cash transfers. Growth in the United Kingdom is projected to be –" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "a43f44509d551e8afd0e0ed531d1dde9", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 - }, - "text": "percent in" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "a5c172abdd6ea1e886ffbda844ab1ea2", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 - }, - "text": ", a" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "ad0a596197d03b20b3a0a1a7849657de", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 - }, - "text": "percentage point downward revision from October, reflecting tighter fiscal and monetary policies and conditions and still-high energy retail prices weighing on household budgets. Growth in Japan is projected to rise to" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "a43f44509d551e8afd0e0ed531d1dde9", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 - }, - "text": "percent in" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "83b1a068a81feb9ef39ab2ca1004b7e9", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 - }, - "text": ", with continued monetary and policy support. High corporate profits from a depreciated yen and earlier delays in implementing previous projects will support business investment. In" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "8fac3518f704ddcaba59fe4b272871b0", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 - }, - "text": ", growth is to decline to" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "fb325bfa147753ae5142cc034865d84a", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 - }, - "text": "percent as the effects of past stimulus dissipate." + "text": "policy support. High corporate profits from a depreciated yen and earlier delays in implementing previous projects will support business investment. In 2024, growth is expected to decline to 0.9 percent as the effects of past stimulus dissipate." }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "ad7ee60befc68a0200bb75d81828b2d2", + "element_id": "497b28af5c258708a114b8a6766662ce", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -670,758 +600,128 @@ "text": "For emerging market and developing economies, growth is projected to rise modestly, from 3.9 percent in 2022 to 4.0 percent in 2023 and 4.2 percent in 2024, with an upward revision of 0.3 percentage point for 2023 and a downward revision of 0.1 percentage point for 2024. About half of emerging market and developing economies have lower growth in 2023 than in 2022." }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "01d56e6753b2d96cd61e9ee53345e822", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "7dd64588f448e9affc798f80b63b6365", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 5 }, - "text": "percent, respectively, after the deeper-than-expected slowdown in" + "text": " Growth in emerging and developing Asia is expected to rise in 2023 and 2024 to 5.3 percent and 5.2" }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "663ea1bfffe5038f3f0cf667f14c4257", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "74af5288c060a6b7bc028cc0efcf59ea", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 5 }, - "text": "to" + "text": "percent, respectively, after the deeper-than-expected slowdown in 2022 to 4.3 percent attributable to China’s economy. China’s real GDP slowdown in the fourth quarter of 2022 implies a 0.2 percentage point downgrade for 2022 growth to 3.0 percent—the first time in more than 40 years with China’s growth below the global average. Growth in China is projected to rise to 5.2 percent in 2023, reflecting rapidly improving mobility, and to fall to 4.5 percent in 2024 before settling at below 4 percent over the medium term amid declining business dynamism and slow progress on structural reforms. Growth in India is set to decline from 6.8 percent in 2022 to 6.1 percent in 2023 before picking up to 6.8 percent in 2024, with resilient domestic demand despite external headwinds. Growth in the ASEAN-5 countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand) is similarly projected to slow to 4.3 percent in 2023 and then pick up to 4.7 percent in 2024." }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "04ce161c4e84c16553dd9faebf61e256", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "f2ac4ba06f532fb5f515eac7da9c0521", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 5 }, - "text": "percent attributable to China’s economy. China’s real GDP slowdown in the fourth quarter of" + "text": " Growth in emerging and developing Europe is projected to have bottomed out in 2022 at 0.7 percent and, since the October forecast, has been revised up for 2023 by 0.9 percentage point to 1.5 percent. This reflects a smaller economic contraction in Russia in 2022 (estimated at –2.2 percent compared with a predicted –3.4 percent) followed by modestly positive growth in 2023. At the current oil price cap level of the Group of Seven, Russian crude oil export volumes are not expected to be significantly affected, with Russian trade continuing to be redirected from sanctioning to non-sanctioning countries. In Latin America and the Caribbean, growth is projected to decline from 3.9 percent in 2022 to 1.8 percent in 2023, with an upward revision for 2023 of 0.1 percentage point since October. The forecast revision reflects upgrades of 0.2 percentage point for Brazil and 0.5 percentage point for Mexico due to unexpected domestic demand resilience, higher-than-expected growth in" }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "2e332f691d8b1c6d174f51caebe1f898", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "f8f43a670731e19267c379e26341f20f", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 5 }, - "text": "implies a" + "text": "" }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "0d5c9a426e8adcc7926f2ff3715d4c2f", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 - }, - "text": "percentage point downgrade for" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "ecf612ad37c83736c73f8d64f203fd8b", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 - }, - "text": "growth to" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "4944c4cc85469425c381b21e6868d398", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 - }, - "text": "percent—the first time in more than" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "e0821d21479d49d31b9e9f528ff603d3", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 - }, - "text": "years with China’s growth below the global average. Growth in China is projected to rise to" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "a43f44509d551e8afd0e0ed531d1dde9", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 - }, - "text": "percent in" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "611069a311ef3527b0e0724ecb6884f4", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 - }, - "text": ", reflecting rapidly improving mobility, and to fall to" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "a43f44509d551e8afd0e0ed531d1dde9", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 - }, - "text": "percent in" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "43d8fec194cc17c890b8a6edb9510652", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 - }, - "text": "before settling at below" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "54ab95f8b28a71c9c9c47a951bd78c7e", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 - }, - "text": "percent over the medium term amid declining business dynamism and slow progress on structural reforms. Growth in India is set to decline from" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "a43f44509d551e8afd0e0ed531d1dde9", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 - }, - "text": "percent in" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "663ea1bfffe5038f3f0cf667f14c4257", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 - }, - "text": "to" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "a43f44509d551e8afd0e0ed531d1dde9", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 - }, - "text": "percent in" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "3f69748ff623002874cfc2a28679a094", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 - }, - "text": "before picking up to" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "a43f44509d551e8afd0e0ed531d1dde9", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 - }, - "text": "percent in" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "5e32493eb30a078577d4ff34e23374b4", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 - }, - "text": ", with resilient domestic demand despite external headwinds. Growth in the ASEAN-" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "80b3fec5d09796495837ce44a262ae18", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 - }, - "text": "countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand) is similarly projected to slow to" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "a43f44509d551e8afd0e0ed531d1dde9", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 - }, - "text": "percent in" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "b58b0e1583d9e74840929c81babc53ff", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 - }, - "text": "and then pick up to" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "a43f44509d551e8afd0e0ed531d1dde9", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 - }, - "text": "percent in" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "70e68a1bf24a1a4823291986069364b4", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 - }, - "text": "Growth in emerging and developing Europe is projected to have bottomed out in" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "b1d6b91b67c2afa5e322988d9462638d", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 - }, - "text": "at" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "ece01b4dc9a5b275f1941561cc4f87ed", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 - }, - "text": "percent and, since the October forecast, has been revised up for" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "a7e2d26e8d15814dd9c6a1bdc90585c8", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 - }, - "text": "by" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "b76fd1f7b451936c0758c62ba8f76b10", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 - }, - "text": "percentage point to" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "034559264b2eb68db2277784e5f4d6e4", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 - }, - "text": "percent. This reflects a smaller economic contraction in Russia in" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "2d250383d93d94536d58f6ae500a62f7", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 - }, - "text": "(estimated at –" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "a9b1991fc956134f0c19814fe3ec98a6", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 - }, - "text": "percent compared with a predicted –" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "75b774af68abbaa59858e7e9b9a8efb1", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 - }, - "text": "percent) followed by modestly positive growth in" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "0dcbbc50123843e99b38c83478c26568", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 - }, - "text": "At the current oil price cap level of the Group of Seven, Russian crude oil export volumes are not expected to be significantly affected, with Russian trade continuing to be redirected from sanctioning to non-sanctioning countries. In Latin America and the Caribbean, growth is projected to decline from" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "a43f44509d551e8afd0e0ed531d1dde9", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 - }, - "text": "percent in" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "663ea1bfffe5038f3f0cf667f14c4257", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 - }, - "text": "to" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "a43f44509d551e8afd0e0ed531d1dde9", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 - }, - "text": "percent in" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "1b374edc4e0903bb12d65c3a01c7dab2", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 - }, - "text": ", with an upward revision for" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "28391d3bc64ec15cbb090426b04aa6b7", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 - }, - "text": "of" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "7856bbad32f3d1af53b9dfb12d94e478", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 - }, - "text": "percentage point since October. The forecast revision reflects upgrades of" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "239eee3a0af266b960a3a6bc43206c2a", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 - }, - "text": "percentage point for Brazil and" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "8ecdd96ba3c25c04692920cac2ce7ab3", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 - }, - "text": "percentage point for Mexico due to unexpected domestic demand resilience, higher-than-expected growth in" - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "698cc450c2b88d928fb4a60e12d403c7", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 - }, - "text": "In Latin America and the Caribbean, growth is projected to decline from 3.9 percent in 2022 to percent in 2023, with an upward revision for 2023 of 0.1 percentage point since October. The forecast revision reflects upgrades of 0.2 percentage point for Brazil and 0.5 percentage point for Mexico due to unexpected domestic demand resilience, higher-than-expected growth in" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "90c93f9ea087de8b09b7dbed1b0e1438", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "c9b8a2f221ce7ec3213fcf4d9ce8879c", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 6 }, - "text": "the region is projected to rise to" + "text": "major trading partner economies, and in Brazil, greater-than-expected fiscal support. Growth in the region is projected to rise to 2.1 percent in 2024, although with a downward revision of 0.3 percentage point, reflecting tighter financial conditions, lower prices of exported commodities, and downward revisions to trading partner growth." }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "a43f44509d551e8afd0e0ed531d1dde9", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "dc5a043db14fe0dd4f128194aa8a9b77", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 6 }, - "text": "percent in" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "47dc3896bfce6a5b28dc173b06ed0cf8", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 6 - }, - "text": ", although with a downward revision of" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "648f0f4a6f4868a83ce25300e6ce6cfb", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 6 - }, - "text": "percentage point, reflecting tighter financial conditions, lower prices of exported commodities, and downward revisions to trading partner growth. Growth in the Middle East and Central Asia is projected to decline from" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "a43f44509d551e8afd0e0ed531d1dde9", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 6 - }, - "text": "percent in" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "663ea1bfffe5038f3f0cf667f14c4257", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 6 - }, - "text": "to" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "a43f44509d551e8afd0e0ed531d1dde9", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 6 - }, - "text": "percent in" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "9651ff3ba34610ae1a0e9fa6eda88599", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 6 - }, - "text": ", with a downward revision of" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "deb33de8f46d5596e80f1b803c0996d0", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 6 - }, - "text": "percentage point since October, mainly attributable to a steeper-than-expected growth slowdown in Saudi Arabia, from" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "a43f44509d551e8afd0e0ed531d1dde9", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 6 - }, - "text": "percent in" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "bb77a05c2cb6327b21c37db699ec5fad", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 6 - }, - "text": "(which was stronger than expected by" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "a7978931eefb4f76588e08e486a97fef", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 6 - }, - "text": "percentage points) to" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "a43f44509d551e8afd0e0ed531d1dde9", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 6 - }, - "text": "percent in" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "5c7f537bcf8478b0320781861f67cf76", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 6 - }, - "text": ", with a negative revision of" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "20f6e12cd8ca31f44940448b30a47711", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 6 - }, - "text": "percentage points. The downgrade for" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "1b91c920263d70855259129cd7db87be", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 6 - }, - "text": "reflects mainly lower oil production in line with an agreement through OPEC+ (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, including Russia and other non-OPEC oil exporters), while non-oil growth is expected to remain robust. In sub-Saharan Africa, growth is projected to remain moderate at" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "a43f44509d551e8afd0e0ed531d1dde9", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 6 - }, - "text": "percent in" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "ef968ce32fcdc55a10b36aabfdf9005d", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 6 - }, - "text": "amid prolonged fallout from the COVID-" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "e8a9615a39cb4e46e85f7762d0564444", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 6 - }, - "text": "pandemic, although with a modest upward revision since October, before picking up to" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "a43f44509d551e8afd0e0ed531d1dde9", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 6 - }, - "text": "percent in" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "4a9636be2c74dce8dcb96a27bbc653f1", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 6 - }, - "text": "The small upward revision for" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "32ebb1abcc1c601ceb9c4e3c4faba0ca", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 6 - }, - "text": "(" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "75dd92fb3614ebf8f25410fbe4f72fe9", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 6 - }, - "text": "percentage point) reflects Nigeria’s rising growth in" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "1c7c955a42ce3e17f6beaa281b7a321c", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 6 - }, - "text": "due to measures to address insecurity issues in the oil sector. In South Africa, by contrast, after a COVID-" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "7324bd3bd30911c803ca9cc23d29f35f", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 6 - }, - "text": "reopening rebound in" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "9e287a364768e87903eecd83b1835cf1", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 6 - }, - "text": ", projected growth more than halves in" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "1edc7f8a64d597c7150021745f9311cc", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 6 - }, - "text": ", to" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "cb969e2a5a0590667d7611a7e0d1a02b", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 6 - }, - "text": "percent, reflecting weaker external demand, power shortages, and structural constraints." + "text": "" }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb924", + "element_id": "3dfc45d3333ae253d78008c8cde2d752", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 6 }, - "text": "" + "text": "Inflation Peaking" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "d2ad276c3f2617a30efdd5fb8d0e3f4a", + "element_id": "d24af8f44bd419665bb4ab6efef34fed", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 6 }, - "text": "About 84 percent of countries are expected to have lower headline (consumer price index) in 2023 than in 2022. Global inflation is set to fall from 8.8 percent in 2022 (annual average) to percent in 2023 and 4.3 percent in 2024––above pre-pandemic (2017–19) levels of about 3.5 percent. The projected disinflation partly reflects declining international fuel and nonfuel prices due to weaker global demand. It also reflects the cooling effects of monetary policy on underlying (core) inflation, which globally is expected to decline from 6.9 percent in the fourth quarter of 2022 (year over year) to 4.5 percent by the fourth quarter of 2023. Still, disinflation will take time: by 2024, projected annual average headline and core inflation will, respectively, still be above pre-pandemic levels in 82 percent and 86 percent of economies." + "text": "About 84 percent of countries are expected to have lower headline (consumer price index) inflation in 2023 than in 2022. Global inflation is set to fall from 8.8 percent in 2022 (annual average) to 6.6 percent in 2023 and 4.3 percent in 2024––above pre-pandemic (2017–19) levels of about 3.5 percent. The projected disinflation partly reflects declining international fuel and nonfuel commodity prices due to weaker global demand. It also reflects the cooling effects of monetary policy tightening on underlying (core) inflation, which globally is expected to decline from 6.9 percent in the fourth quarter of 2022 (year over year) to 4.5 percent by the fourth quarter of 2023. Still, disinflation will take time: by 2024, projected annual average headline and core inflation will, respectively, still be above pre-pandemic levels in 82 percent and 86 percent of economies." }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "396b1a4e4442a914fa939b519daa34ff", + "element_id": "72d289ea524eebcd8f195a8afda1c223", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 6 }, - "text": "In advanced economies, annual average inflation is projected to decline from 7.3 percent in 2022 to percent in 2023 and 2.6 percent in 2024––above target in several cases. In emerging market and developing economies, projected annual inflation declines from 9.9 percent in 2022 to 8.1 percent in and 5.5 percent in 2024, above the 4.9 percent pre-pandemic (2017–19) average. In low-income developing countries, inflation is projected to moderate from 14.2 percent in 2022 to 8.6 percent in 2024––still high, but close to the pre-pandemic average." + "text": "In advanced economies, annual average inflation is projected to decline from 7.3 percent in 2022 to 4.6 percent in 2023 and 2.6 percent in 2024––above target in several cases. In emerging market and developing economies, projected annual inflation declines from 9.9 percent in 2022 to 8.1 percent in 2023 and 5.5 percent in 2024, above the 4.9 percent pre-pandemic (2017–19) average. In low-income developing countries, inflation is projected to moderate from 14.2 percent in 2022 to 8.6 percent in 2024––still high, but close to the pre-pandemic average." }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb924", + "element_id": "11ebd9f4c9a7cdbac41f8f7399d3950e", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 6 }, - "text": "" + "text": "Risks to the Outlook" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "b8b5e0eb9b4f4dc05657b210f157f531", + "element_id": "818b1bd0fa9714f9ce4623897ba422a8", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 6 }, - "text": "balance of risks to the global outlook remains tilted to the downside, with scope for lower and higher inflation, but adverse risks have moderated since the October 2022 World Outlook." + "text": "The balance of risks to the global outlook remains tilted to the downside, with scope for lower growth and higher inflation, but adverse risks have moderated since the October 2022 World Economic Outlook." + }, + { + "type": "Image", + "element_id": "540bc32db8a421651282bffd7c2a442d", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 7 + }, + "text": "Table 1. Overview of the World Economic Outlook Projections)TDnenact et dnd nthe" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "8f81c653cbf1334344d3063cb9f4de04", + "element_id": "1ad611b76683e54171ae0b1fddd827ca", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -1429,45 +729,1355 @@ }, "text": "Table 1. Overview of the World Economic Outlook Projections (Percent change, unless noted otherwise)" }, + { + "type": "Image", + "element_id": "876b810423c7845eee9f4341105e60a2", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 7 + }, + "text": "eee eee eee ee OS NEE ESSA NOONAN SISOS ESA EINE(Percent change, unless noted otherwise)" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "0e4a5b1f1ad9e749a679128c0640bd3f", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 7 + }, + "text": "Year over Year" + }, { "type": "Table", - "element_id": "50e1109382eca2eb809391f4c82afae2", + "element_id": "8dec233e9bc75c7256a28a899794709b", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "Difference from October 2022 Q4 over Q4 2/ Estimate Projections WEO Projections 1/ Estimate Projections 2021 2022 2023 2024 2023 2024 2022 2023 2024 World Output 6.2 3.4 2.9 3.1 0.2 –0.1 1.9 3.2 3.0 Advanced Economies 5.4 2.7 1.2 1.4 0.1 –0.2 1.3 1.1 1.6 United States 5.9 2.0 1.4 1.0 0.4 –0.2 0.7 1.0 1.3 Euro Area 5.3 3.5 0.7 1.6 0.2 –0.2 1.9 0.5 2.1 Germany 2.6 1.9 0.1 1.4 0.4 –0.1 1.4 0.0 2.3 France 6.8 2.6 0.7 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.9 1.8 Italy 6.7 3.9 0.6 0.9 0.8 –0.4 2.1 0.1 1.0 Spain 5.5 5.2 1.1 2.4 –0.1 –0.2 2.1 1.3 2.8 Japan 2.1 1.4 1.8 0.9 0.2 –0.4 1.7 1.0 1.0 United Kingdom 7.6 4.1 –0.6 0.9 –0.9 0.3 0.4 –0.5 1.8 Canada 5.0 3.5 1.5 1.5 0.0 –0.1 2.3 1.2 1.9 Other Advanced Economies 3/ 5.3 2.8 2.0 2.4 –0.3 –0.2 1.4 2.1 2.2 Emerging Market and Developing Economies 6.7 3.9 4.0 4.2 0.3 –0.1 2.5 5.0 4.1 Emerging and Developing Asia 7.4 4.3 5.3 5.2 0.4 0.0 3.4 6.2 4.9 China 8.4 3.0 5.2 4.5 0.8 0.0 2.9 5.9 4.1 India 4/ 8.7 6.8 6.1 6.8 0.0 0.0 4.3 7.0 7.1 Emerging and Developing Europe 6.9 0.7 1.5 2.6 0.9 0.1 –2.0 3.5 2.8 Russia 4.7 –2.2 0.3 2.1 2.6 0.6 –4.1 1.0 2.0 Latin America and the Caribbean 7.0 3.9 1.8 2.1 0.1 –0.3 2.6 1.9 1.9 Brazil 5.0 3.1 1.2 1.5 0.2 –0.4 2.8 0.8 2.2 Mexico 4.7 3.1 1.7 1.6 0.5 –0.2 3.7 1.1 1.9 Middle East and Central Asia 4.5 5.3 3.2 3.7 –0.4 0.2 . . . . . . . . . Saudi Arabia 3.2 8.7 2.6 3.4 –1.1 0.5 4.6 2.7 3.5 Sub-Saharan Africa 4.7 3.8 3.8 4.1 0.1 0.0 . . . . . . . . . Nigeria 3.6 3.0 3.2 2.9 0.2 0.0 2.6 3.1 2.9 South Africa 4.9 2.6 1.2 1.3 0.1 0.0 3.0 0.5 1.8 Memorandum World Growth Based on Market Exchange Rates 6.0 3.1 2.4 2.5 0.3 –0.1 1.7 2.5 2.5 European Union 5.5 3.7 0.7 1.8 0.0 –0.3 1.8 1.2 2.0 ASEAN-5 5/ 3.8 5.2 4.3 4.7 –0.2 –0.2 3.7 5.7 4.0 Middle East and North Africa 4.1 5.4 3.2 3.5 –0.4 0.2 . . . . . . . . . Emerging Market and Middle-Income Economies 7.0 3.8 4.0 4.1 0.4 0.0 2.5 5.0 4.1 Low-Income Developing Countries 4.1 4.9 4.9 5.6 0.0 0.1 . . . . . . . . . World Trade Volume (goods and services) 6/ 10.4 5.4 2.4 3.4 –0.1 –0.3 . . . . . . . . . Advanced Economies 9.4 6.6 2.3 2.7 0.0 –0.4 . . . . . . . . . Emerging Market and Developing Economies 12.1 3.4 2.6 4.6 –0.3 0.0 . . . . . . . . . Commodity Prices Oil 7/ 65.8 39.8 –16.2 –7.1 –3.3 –0.9 11.2 –9.8 –5.9 Nonfuel (average based on world commodity import weights) 26.4 7.0 –6.3 –0.4 –0.1 0.3 –2.0 1.4 –0.2 World Consumer Prices 8/ 4.7 8.8 6.6 4.3 0.1 0.2 9.2 5.0 3.5 Advanced Economies 9/ 3.1 7.3 4.6 2.6 0.2 0.2 7.8 3.1 2.3 Emerging Market and Developing Economies 8/ 5.9 9.9 8.1 5.5 0.0 0.2 10.4 6.6 4.5" + "text": "Estimate2022 Projections 2023 2024 2021 WEO Projections 1/ 2023 2024 Estimate2022 Projections 2023 2024 Difference from October 2022 Q4 over Q4 2/ World Output Advanced Economies United States Euro Area Germany France Italy Spain Japan United Kingdom Canada Other Advanced Economies 3/ Emerging Market and Developing Economies Emerging and Developing Asia China India 4/ Emerging and Developing Europe Russia Latin America and the Caribbean Brazil Mexico Middle East and Central Asia Saudi Arabia Sub-Saharan Africa Nigeria South Africa Memorandum World Growth Based on Market Exchange Rates European Union ASEAN-5 5/ Middle East and North Africa Emerging Market and Middle-Income Economies Low-Income Developing Countries World Trade Volume (goods and services) 6/ Advanced Economies Emerging Market and Developing Economies Commodity Prices Oil 7/ Nonfuel (average based on world commodity import weights) World Consumer Prices 8/ Advanced Economies 9/ Emerging Market and Developing Economies 8/ 6.2 5.4 5.9 5.3 2.6 6.8 6.7 5.5 2.1 7.6 5.0 5.3 6.7 7.4 8.4 8.7 6.9 4.7 7.0 5.0 4.7 4.5 3.2 4.7 3.6 4.9 6.0 5.5 3.8 4.1 7.0 4.1 10.4 9.4 12.1 65.8 26.4 4.7 3.1 5.9 3.4 2.7 2.0 3.5 1.9 2.6 3.9 5.2 1.4 4.1 3.5 2.8 3.9 4.3 3.0 6.8 0.7 –2.2 3.9 3.1 3.1 5.3 8.7 3.8 3.0 2.6 3.1 3.7 5.2 5.4 3.8 4.9 5.4 6.6 3.4 39.8 7.0 8.8 7.3 9.9 2.9 1.2 1.4 0.7 0.1 0.7 0.6 1.1 1.8 –0.6 1.5 2.0 4.0 5.3 5.2 6.1 1.5 0.3 1.8 1.2 1.7 3.2 2.6 3.8 3.2 1.2 2.4 0.7 4.3 3.2 4.0 4.9 2.4 2.3 2.6 3.1 1.4 1.0 1.6 1.4 1.6 0.9 2.4 0.9 0.9 1.5 2.4 4.2 5.2 4.5 6.8 2.6 2.1 2.1 1.5 1.6 3.7 3.4 4.1 2.9 1.3 2.5 1.8 4.7 3.5 4.1 5.6 3.4 2.7 4.6 –16.2 –6.3 6.6 4.6 8.1 –7.1 –0.4 4.3 2.6 5.5 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.0 0.8 –0.1 0.2 –0.9 0.0 –0.3 0.3 0.4 0.8 0.0 0.9 2.6 0.1 0.2 0.5 –0.4 –1.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.0 –0.2 –0.4 0.4 0.0 –0.1 0.0 –0.3 –3.3 –0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0 –0.1 –0.2 –0.2 –0.2 –0.1 0.0 –0.4 –0.2 –0.4 0.3 –0.1 –0.2 –0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.6 –0.3 –0.4 –0.2 0.2 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 –0.1 –0.3 –0.2 0.2 0.0 0.1 –0.3 –0.4 0.0 –0.9 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 1.9 1.3 0.7 1.9 1.4 0.5 2.1 2.1 1.7 0.4 2.3 1.4 2.5 3.4 2.9 4.3 –2.0 –4.1 2.6 2.8 3.7 . . . 4.6 . . . 2.6 3.0 1.7 1.8 3.7 . . . 2.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 –2.0 9.2 7.8 10.4 3.2 1.1 1.0 0.5 0.0 0.9 0.1 1.3 1.0 –0.5 1.2 2.1 5.0 6.2 5.9 7.0 3.5 1.0 1.9 0.8 1.1 . . . 2.7 . . . 3.1 0.5 2.5 1.2 5.7 . . . 5.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0 1.6 1.3 2.1 2.3 1.8 1.0 2.8 1.0 1.8 1.9 2.2 4.1 4.9 4.1 7.1 2.8 2.0 1.9 2.2 1.9 . . . 3.5 . . . 2.9 1.8 2.5 2.0 4.0 . . . 4.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . –9.8 1.4 5.0 3.1 6.6 –5.9 –0.2 3.5 2.3 4.5 Q4 over Q4 2/ eee na RA Estimate_ le Projections Estimate_ le Projections Cetimatel Oo [re ee~T Se 2022 — 2022 — anna es battee eesaanShaeaan eeeanne anan aaa ——eeaaa World Output 6.2 0.2 19 eveee eve nmeAdvanced EconomiesTinta Chetan 54LO 27On 14an 04nA baal1.3nz 1.649 eee meeeUnited StatesCo Ae STN taeEuro Area‘Rareram) Vee5.3 vir0.2 ENGermanyCoen ww26no 2 « Ve04An eianyFranceleah, ov68 MAE07 vir0.0 ree0.5 vv0.9 ve67ce ev3.9— ve08na vwna vee24a4 vee0.14a NaySpain vee24no aNN+ “penJapanVithed Vinmdaee, we24— wwe04a voro!United KingdomPanada et76 Vw eeCanadaAbn Ndime nnd Camnaeeinn O) vee15nA vwnn vr23“aA INOSOther Advanced Economies 3/ wu5.3 ww28 Ld20 idl24 vw0.3 ow14 te24 Lindl22 MEE REEmerging Market and Developing Economiesnee a ree nee25 }et5.0 “eae a eee eeg and Developing Asia Me74 “~~04 ail3.4 EITC TSHTS GID MIC VOIOP HY PwictChinabese at vie45no Vt08An vt29aD ineIndia 4/ oT87 liad68 ve0.0 og43 Emerging and Developing EuropeDa. 15na 264 SET IMS MeN Pig SMRussiaLatin Amarina and the Carihhaan ve47mn al26na 44on 1.040 ENONLatin America and the CaribbeanDeasil iN 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Economies are listed on the basis of economic size. The aggregated data are seasonally adjusted. WEO = World Economic Outlook. 1/ Difference based on rounded figures for the current and October 2022 WEO forecasts. Countries whose forecasts have been updated relative to October 2022 WEO forecasts account for approximately 90 world GDP measured at purchasing-power-parity weights. 2/ For World Output (Emerging Market and Developing Economies), the quarterly estimates and projections account for approximately 90 percent (80 percent) of annual world (emerging market and developing economies') output at purchasing-power-parity weights. 3/ Excludes the Group of Seven (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, United Kingdom, United States) and euro area countries. 4/ For India, data and projections are presented on a fiscal year basis, with FY 2022/23 (starting in April 2022) shown in the 2022 column. India's growth projections are 5.4 percent in 2023 and 6.8 percent in on calendar year. 5/ Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand. 6/ Simple average of growth rates for export and import volumes (goods and services). 7/ Simple average of prices of UK Brent, Dubai Fateh, and West Texas Intermediate crude oil. The average assumed price of oil in US dollars a barrel, based on futures markets (as of November 29, 2022), is 2023 and $75.36 in 2024. 8/ Excludes Venezuela." + "text": "Note: Real effective exchange rates are assumed to remain constant at the levels prevailing during October 26, 2022--November 23, 2022. Economies are listed on the basis of economic size. The aggregated quarterly data are seasonally adjusted. WEO = World Economic Outlook. 1/ Difference based on rounded figures for the current and October 2022 WEO forecasts. Countries whose forecasts have been updated relative to October 2022 WEO forecasts account for approximately 90 percent of world GDP measured at purchasing-power-parity weights. 2/ For World Output (Emerging Market and Developing Economies), the quarterly estimates and projections account for approximately 90 percent (80 percent) of annual world (emerging market and developing economies') output at purchasing-power-parity weights. 3/ Excludes the Group of Seven (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, United Kingdom, United States) and euro area countries. 4/ For India, data and projections are presented on a fiscal year basis, with FY 2022/23 (starting in April 2022) shown in the 2022 column. India's growth projections are 5.4 percent in 2023 and 6.8 percent in 2024 based on calendar year. 5/ Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand. 6/ Simple average of growth rates for export and import volumes (goods and services). 7/ Simple average of prices of UK Brent, Dubai Fateh, and West Texas Intermediate crude oil. The average assumed price of oil in US dollars a barrel, based on futures markets (as of November 29, 2022), is $81.13 in 2023 and $75.36 in 2024. 8/ Excludes Venezuela. 9/ The inflation rate for the euro area is 5.7% in 2023 and 3.3% in 2024, that for Japan is 2.8% in 2023 and 2.0% in 2024, and that for the United States is 4.0% in 2023 and 2.2% in 2024. ee ee ee ee eee ee ee ee en VEY MUSUE £0, CULE NSTI £0), LLL. EVIMSS nD ee A le ee A ee. eedata are seasonally adjusted. WEO = World Economic Outlook.4) Niffarance haced an minded ficuree far the current and Ortnher 21199 WEO fnreracte Crntriee whnee frracacte have heen rndated relative ta Octnher 9099 WEO fnreracte areniint far annmyimately @N nerrent af vn nS ee a Ee1/ Difference based on rounded figures for the current and October 2022 WEO forecasts. Countries whose forecasts have been updated relative to October 2022 WEO forecasts account for approximately 90 percent ofward CDP meacired at nirchacinn.nqwer.narity weidhte aon rn eer cnn nn eee ene nooner ee ce nT NS TES RSS TUNE UGSTS TIAN DG ET BPMN PEIGEINIE BO MIRE EU EL EM TUNE UISES GIULUUNE TON GPPIU ANTES YY a Pere orworld GDP measured at purchasing-power-parity weights.Of Ear Ward Outnit (Emerinn Market and Nevelanina Eennamiec) the niarterly ectimates and nmiertinne arenunt far annmnyimately 0 nerrent (21) nerrent\\ af annital ward (emerning market and develanina ane so ee ee ee Se21 For World Output (Emerging Market and Developing Economies), the quarterly estimates and projections account for approximately 90 percent (80 percent) of annual world (emerging market and developinga a i TOP WOnd VUIDUT Lemerging Warket and Meveloping CCOnOMmIssS), ING QUanEehy SSumTiales ANG POSCUONS SCCOUNT ION SPPrOAxIMmalely U7 PErlent (OV Percent) OF ANnWal WORD LeMerging Markel ana Ceveloping:economies’) output at purchasing-power-parity weights.Qi Eychidee the Crain af Gaven (Canada Eranre Germany Italy lanan IInited Kinadam |Inited Statee) and enn area enuntries GCONOIISS 7 OUTIUE Gt PUNAIBSHE POWSr pany WOR IS.3/ Excludes the Group of Seven (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, United Kingdom, United States) and euro area countries.Al Fee leviia dais and nenjartinne era rraeerdad nao feral usar hasic wdth EN ON09/0 fetartinn in Anrll 9099) ahrasn i tha 9099 enkenn Indisla arrenth nederiane ara K A nerant in 902 and @ A nerrant in O04 hassel areata Nae kt a i ca ae cd ea4/For India, data and projections are presented on a fiscal year basis, with FY 2022/23 (starting in April 2022) shown in the 2022 column. India's growth projections are 5.4 percent in 2023 and 6.8 percent in 2024 based‘an calendar vear on eee rece c eres oie eee ee seen ence em een ne rene eae re ene enc Ne Cre ON TNS QUOT PERTERBU ITS GES Oe POTION TY NES GRE PONGEM £0 es Vaseon calendar year.By indaneaia Adalausia Dhiinnines Ginnannra Thajland UNL Catena Year.51 Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand.2) Cennla auarana nfrrrmsth ratae fw ecrnrt and imnnrtunhimas (arerte and eerviras) SONGS, MAA YS, PMP EGS, OINGEPONS, Tana.6/ Simple average of growth rates for export and import volumes (goods and services).7) Simnie averane of nricec afl IK Rrent Nithai Fateh and Wect Tevac Intermediate cnide nil The averane aceiimed nrre af nil in | 1S doilare a harre! haced nn firttiree markete (ac nf Navemher 20 2199) jc £21 12 in ee ee eS Mn OA en) Ree \\yue a) Oy71 Simple average of prices of UK Brent, Dubai Fateh, and West Texas Intermediate crude oil. The average assumed price of oil in US dollars a barrel, based on futures markets (as of November 29, 2022), is $81.13 in9092 and @7% 2B in 9004. Eee ee ae eee ee ee eee ee ee ee ne ee ee eee Rr en a ee TE IS aS UE 20, LE,2023 and $75.36 in 2024.8) Eychidee Venesiala ENED A BED MN ee8/ Excludes Venezuela.Q/ The inflatinn rate far the enn area je & 7%, in 992 and 2 2% in 9094 that far Janan ie 2 2% in 9092 and 2N% in INDd and that far the | Inited States ie 4 (1% in 9092 and 2 9% in ONDA. eae Soe91 The infiation rate for the euro area is 5.7% in 2023 and 3.3% in 2024, that for Japan is 2.8% in 2023 and 2.0% in 2024, and that for the United States is 4.0% in 2023 and 2.2% in 2024. fame i i al oe vt =: Lone aNate’ Ranl affective auchanna mtoe ara aeaamnad tn ramain oanatant atthe laugle nraunlinn dinna Oeinhar dA D00_Nevemherd] O00) Fenny nine noe ct Tho an _\"iT iartearhy" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "ea63a5a658b0d85b791e77ed52b9f8a6", + "element_id": "df59a495ef85c5f70c5ba5356caf764a", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "Upside risks—Plausible upside risks include more favorable surprises to domestic spending—as in the third quarter of 2022—which, however, would increase inflation further. At the same time, is room for an upside scenario with lower-than-expected inflation and less monetary tightening:" + "text": "Upside risks—Plausible upside risks include more favorable surprises to domestic spending—as in the third quarter of 2022—which, however, would increase inflation further. At the same time, there is room for an upside scenario with lower-than-expected inflation and less monetary tightening:" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "43398d1e65fd20a61957d43e5ec24474", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "8727a1370c6c53ecdcf0c9c7b03bdd90", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "Pent-up demand boost: Fueled by the stock of excess private savings from the pandemic fiscal support and, in many cases, still-tight labor markets and solid wage growth, pent-up demand remains an upside risk to the growth outlook. In some advanced economies, recent data show that households are still on net adding to their stock of excess savings (as in some euro area countries and the United Kingdom) or have ample savings left (as in the United States). This leaves scope for a further boost to consumption—particularly of services, including tourism." + "text": " Pent-up demand boost: Fueled by the stock of excess private savings from the pandemic fiscal" }, { "type": "ListItem", @@ -1491,7 +2101,7 @@ }, { "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "3659b5cf9ae97d5eb48011fd01ba548c", + "element_id": "f7185000b1aeb4b068255f25c220633a", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -1500,138 +2110,138 @@ "text": "up demand remains an upside risk to the growth outlook. In some advanced economies, recent data show that households are still on net adding to their stock of excess savings (as in some euro area countries and the United Kingdom) or have ample savings left (as in the United States). This leaves scope for a further boost to consumption—particularly of services, including tourism." }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "31595d732706a9d1f5221b8041160c4d", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "a6e6e147daf229e8267d85c3e49f7250", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 8 }, - "text": "policies and a stronger" + "text": "However, the boost to demand could stoke core inflation, leading to even tighter monetary policies and a stronger-than-expected slowdown later on. Pent-up demand could also fuel a stronger rebound in China." }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "7383711c1b05e72a1eddda46d34365ed", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "325f6510d20204f18033d645fc500361", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 8 }, - "text": "than" + "text": " Faster disinflation: An easing in labor market pressures in some advanced economies due to" }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "fbf1ce91edaaf7e3ae8e7d7313323e39", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "fc4d1e3bc511d539670ab117eb0c40e6", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 8 }, - "text": "expected slowdown later on. Pent" + "text": "falling vacancies could cool wage inflation without necessarily increasing unemployment. A sharp fall in the prices of goods, as consumers shift back to services, could further push down inflation. Such developments could imply a “softer” landing with less monetary tightening." }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "80f9ffb821427fa492224354083ec361", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "ab2ac0c0c558600b645acb6349ccf2df", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 8 }, - "text": "up demand could also fuel a stronger rebound in China. Faster disinflation: An easing in labor market pressures in some advanced economies due to falling vacancies could cool wage inflation without necessarily increasing unemployment. A sharp fall in the prices of goods, as consumers shift back to services, could further push down inflation. Such developments could imply a “softer” landing with less monetary tightening." + "text": "Downside risks—Numerous downside risks continue to weigh on the global outlook, lowering growth while, in a number of cases, adding further to inflation:" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "503db040eeeb91a5e732d06eeb5ac277", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 8 + }, + "text": " China’s recovery stalling: Amid still-low population immunity levels and insufficient hospital" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "5ca50cdc249afde3399831cccc69a7a3", + "element_id": "1bbcee85386321e6e8235a64d4c34d73", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 8 }, - "text": " Faster disinflation: An easing in labor market pressures in some advanced economies due to falling vacancies could cool wage inflation without necessarily increasing unemployment. A sharp fall in the prices of goods, as consumers shift back to services, could further push inflation. Such developments could imply a “softer” landing with less monetary tightening." + "text": "capacity, especially outside the major urban areas, significant health consequences could hamper the recovery. A deepening crisis in the real estate market remains a major source of vulnerability, with risks of widespread defaults by developers and resulting financial sector instability. Spillovers to the rest of the world would operate primarily through lower demand and potentially renewed supply chain problems." }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "7ccd317aad1affab0f48c3f6bd3d967f", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "61f61f085d5129c6be48c8bc026c813d", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 8 }, - "text": "China’s recovery stalling: Amid still-low population immunity levels and insufficient hospital capacity, especially outside the major urban areas, significant health consequences could hamper the recovery. A deepening crisis in the real estate market remains a major source of vulnerability, with risks of widespread defaults by developers and resulting financial sector instability. Spillovers to the rest of the world would operate primarily through lower demand and potentially renewed supply chain problems. War in Ukraine escalating: An escalation of the war in Ukraine remains a major source of vulnerability, particularly for Europe and lower-income countries. Europe is facing lower-than- anticipated gas prices, having stored enough gas to make shortages unlikely this winter. However, refilling storage with much-diminished Russian flows will be challenging ahead of next winter, particularly if it is a very cold one and China’s energy demand picks up, causing price spikes. A possible increase in food prices from a failed extension of the Black Sea grain initiative would put further pressure on lower-income countries that are experiencing food insecurity and have limited budgetary room to cushion the impact on households and businesses. With elevated food and fuel prices, social unrest may increase. Debt distress: Since October, sovereign spreads for emerging market and developing economies have modestly declined on the back of an easing in global financial conditions (Box" + "text": " War in Ukraine escalating: An escalation of the war in Ukraine remains a major source of" }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "7d25d5e6b420f550ee5d31a69bf20a62", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "4e2bc46d4988ddde43a4f295d1d458c2", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 8 }, - "text": ") and dollar depreciation. About" + "text": "vulnerability, particularly for Europe and lower-income countries. Europe is facing lower-than- anticipated gas prices, having stored enough gas to make shortages unlikely this winter. However, refilling storage with much-diminished Russian flows will be challenging ahead of next winter, particularly if it is a very cold one and China’s energy demand picks up, causing price spikes. A possible increase in food prices from a failed extension of the Black Sea grain initiative would put further pressure on lower-income countries that are experiencing food insecurity and have limited budgetary room to cushion the impact on households and businesses. With elevated food and fuel prices, social unrest may increase." }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "3835743a23594dfc4f986dd17806d917", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "299687e27c58c7d3dd4228c8f06f6f02", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 8 }, - "text": "percent of low-income countries are estimated to be in debt distress, with an additional" + "text": " Debt distress: Since October, sovereign spreads for emerging market and developing economies have modestly declined on the back of an easing in global financial conditions (Box 1) and dollar depreciation. About 15 percent of low-income countries are estimated to be in debt distress, with an additional 45 percent at high risk of debt distress and about 25 percent of emerging market economies also at high risk. The combination of high debt levels from the pandemic, lower growth, and higher borrowing costs exacerbates the vulnerability of these economies, especially those with significant near-term dollar financing needs. Inflation persisting: Persistent labor market tightness could translate into stronger-than-expected wage growth. Higher-than-expected oil, gas, and food prices from the war in Ukraine or from a faster rebound in China’s growth could again raise headline inflation and pass through into underlying inflation. Such developments could cause inflation expectations to de-anchor and require an even tighter monetary policy." }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "9964d0eab2c4641cec6a86e84961799a", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "dc5a043db14fe0dd4f128194aa8a9b77", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 8 }, - "text": "percent at high risk of debt distress and about" + "text": "" }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "3088902bf021ffa0e881cca74e99e47e", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "4ce40bcfac131ab024e535bf860f9495", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 8 }, - "text": "percent of emerging market economies also at high risk. The combination of high debt levels from the pandemic, lower growth, and higher borrowing costs exacerbates the vulnerability of these economies, especially those with significant near-term dollar financing needs. Inflation persisting: Persistent labor market tightness could translate into stronger-than-expected wage growth. Higher-than-expected oil, gas, and food prices from the war in Ukraine or from a faster rebound in China’s growth could again raise headline inflation and pass through into underlying inflation. Such developments could cause inflation expectations to de-anchor and require an even tighter monetary policy. Sudden financial market repricing: A premature easing in financial conditions in response to lower headline inflation data could complicate anti-inflation policies and necessitate additional monetary tightening. For the same reason, unfavorable inflation data releases could trigger sudden repricing of assets and increase volatility in financial markets. Such movements could strain liquidity and the functioning of critical markets, with ripple effects on the real economy. Geopolitical fragmentation: The war in Ukraine and the related international sanctions aimed at pressuring Russia to end hostilities are splitting the world economy into blocs and reinforcing earlier geopolitical tensions, such as those associated with the US-China trade dispute." + "text": " Sudden financial market repricing: A premature easing in financial conditions in response to lower headline inflation data could complicate anti-inflation policies and necessitate additional monetary tightening. For the same reason, unfavorable inflation data releases could trigger sudden repricing of assets and increase volatility in financial markets. Such movements could strain liquidity and the functioning of critical markets, with ripple effects on the real economy." + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "90fd0d9dd51c3ffe11eac6fb1f8cd545", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 8 + }, + "text": " Geopolitical fragmentation: The war in Ukraine and the related international sanctions aimed at  pressuring Russia to end hostilities are splitting the world economy into blocs and reinforcing" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "a3488e7a270ffee4ec6a570af2d6499e", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 8 + }, + "text": "earlier geopolitical tensions, such as those associated with the US-China trade dispute." }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "5521d623f24c46d332eef5c721daf9ac", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 8 - }, - "text": "capacity, especially outside the major urban areas, significant health consequences could the recovery. A deepening crisis in the real estate market remains a major source of vulnerability, with risks of widespread defaults by developers and resulting financial sector instability. Spillovers to the rest of the world would operate primarily through lower demand and potentially renewed supply chain problems." - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "9ee771204ff9b08f9dedc3da0e7380b8", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 8 - }, - "text": "have modestly declined on the back of an easing in global financial conditions (Box 1) and dollar depreciation. About 15 percent of low-income countries are estimated to be in debt distress, with an additional 45 percent at high risk of debt distress and about 25 percent of emerging market economies also at high risk. The combination of high debt levels from the pandemic, lower growth, and higher borrowing costs exacerbates the vulnerability of these economies, especially those with significant near-term dollar financing needs." - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "083614768e10caadc32d9c666f1739cc", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 8 - }, - "text": "wage growth. Higher-than-expected oil, gas, and food prices from the war in Ukraine or from faster rebound in China’s growth could again raise headline inflation and pass through into underlying inflation. Such developments could cause inflation expectations to de-anchor and require an even tighter monetary policy." - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "35514c59b45fbe18e13b3072e41ec0d4", + "element_id": "6684fee3e3cd949ec59e7444a0c3fd0c", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -1641,47 +2251,47 @@ }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb924", + "element_id": "a81cc4e3ca23fd16254e2b858cdcb00a", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 9 }, - "text": "" + "text": "Policy Priorities" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "6bad2d7f671e0d2b6e40df29ef8474bb", + "element_id": "1c464362698203e7245bdaf33c388a80", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 9 }, - "text": "toward target levels. Raising real policy rates and keeping them above their neutral levels underlying inflation is clearly declining would ward off risks of inflation expectations de- Clear central bank communication and appropriate reactions to shifts in the data will inflation expectations anchored and lessen wage and price pressures. Central banks’ balance will need to be unwound carefully, amid market liquidity risks. Gradual and steady fiscal would contribute to cooling demand and limit the burden on monetary policy in the inflation. In countries where output remains below potential and inflation is in check, monetary and fiscal accommodation may be appropriate." + "text": "Securing global disinflation: For most economies, the priority remains achieving a sustained reduction in inflation toward target levels. Raising real policy rates and keeping them above their neutral levels until underlying inflation is clearly declining would ward off risks of inflation expectations de- anchoring. Clear central bank communication and appropriate reactions to shifts in the data will help keep inflation expectations anchored and lessen wage and price pressures. Central banks’ balance sheets will need to be unwound carefully, amid market liquidity risks. Gradual and steady fiscal tightening would contribute to cooling demand and limit the burden on monetary policy in the fight against inflation. In countries where output remains below potential and inflation is in check, maintaining monetary and fiscal accommodation may be appropriate." }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "f1284fd10be1f135004980119139ee51", + "element_id": "d6138134f71f953a9da2083154e2629e", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 9 }, - "text": "efforts to boost vaccination and medicine access in countries where coverage remains low as well the deployment of pandemic preparedness measures—including a global push toward sequencing and sharing data. In China, focusing vaccination efforts on vulnerable groups and maintaining sufficiently high coverage of boosters and antiviral medicines would minimize the risks of severe health outcomes and safeguard the recovery, with favorable cross-border spillovers." + "text": "Containing the reemergence of COVID-19: Addressing the ongoing pandemic requires coordinated efforts to boost vaccination and medicine access in countries where coverage remains low as well as the deployment of pandemic preparedness measures—including a global push toward sequencing and sharing data. In China, focusing vaccination efforts on vulnerable groups and maintaining sufficiently high coverage of boosters and antiviral medicines would minimize the risks of severe health outcomes and safeguard the recovery, with favorable cross-border spillovers." }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "dad4a9dee40445dcccb526d48f29864d", + "element_id": "2457fbbf5aa862b5a8b45d070f9114cb", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 9 }, - "text": "financial stability: Depending on country circumstances, macroprudential tools can be pockets of elevated financial sector vulnerabilities. Monitoring housing sector conducting stress tests in economies where house prices have increased significantly over few years are warranted. In China, central government action to resolve the property crisis the risk of spillovers to financial stability and growth is a priority, including by mechanisms to protect presale homebuyers from the risk of non-delivery and by troubled developers. Globally, financial sector regulations introduced after the crisis have contributed to the resilience of banking sectors throughout the pandemic, is a need to address data and supervisory gaps in the less-regulated nonbank financial risks may have built up inconspicuously. Recent turmoil in the crypto space also need to introduce common standards and reinforce oversight of crypto assets." + "text": "Ensuring financial stability: Depending on country circumstances, macroprudential tools can be used to tackle pockets of elevated financial sector vulnerabilities. Monitoring housing sector developments and conducting stress tests in economies where house prices have increased significantly over the past few years are warranted. In China, central government action to resolve the property crisis and reduce the risk of spillovers to financial stability and growth is a priority, including by strengthening temporary mechanisms to protect presale homebuyers from the risk of non-delivery and by restructuring troubled developers. Globally, financial sector regulations introduced after the global financial crisis have contributed to the resilience of banking sectors throughout the pandemic, but there is a need to address data and supervisory gaps in the less-regulated nonbank financial sector, where risks may have built up inconspicuously. Recent turmoil in the crypto space also highlights the urgent need to introduce common standards and reinforce oversight of crypto assets." }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "f4e4cb4459e157a2d66aec36ba0652a2", + "element_id": "bcef6ce9e3d4c015db21955dc4f6ce42", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -1691,7 +2301,7 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "e572c3cf8978f18b38aa0b661e50b89f", + "element_id": "defb87cb8f10236768732a1e5fe9519f", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -1700,183 +2310,683 @@ "text": "Supporting the vulnerable: The surge in global energy and food prices triggered a cost-of-living crisis. Governments acted swiftly with support to households and firms, which helped cushion effects on growth and at times limited the pass-through from energy prices to headline inflation through price" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "773aceb1cd4c7dae7988aeca89541cb5", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "bda037ffd6adfee8afa08544ca03a391", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 9 }, - "text": "See “Geo-Economic Fragmentation and the Future of Multilateralism,” IMF Staff Discussion Note 2023/001." + "text": "1 See “Geo-Economic Fragmentation and the Future of Multilateralism,” IMF Staff Discussion Note 2023/001." }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "9d306d0f04619bde830d4ed30b15b667", + "element_id": "2e9a0eaddd75095d1bbb4fda6f2c4feb", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 10 }, - "text": "controls. The temporary and broad-based measures are becoming increasingly costly and should be withdrawn and replaced by targeted approaches. Preserving the energy price signal will encourage a reduction in energy consumption and limit the risks of shortages. Targeting can be achieved social safety nets such as cash transfers to eligible households based on income or demographics or by transfers through electricity companies based on past energy consumption. Subsidies should be temporary and offset by revenue-generating measures, including one-time solidarity taxes on high- income households and companies, where appropriate." + "text": "controls. The temporary and broad-based measures are becoming increasingly costly and should be withdrawn and replaced by targeted approaches. Preserving the energy price signal will encourage a reduction in energy consumption and limit the risks of shortages. Targeting can be achieved through social safety nets such as cash transfers to eligible households based on income or demographics or by transfers through electricity companies based on past energy consumption. Subsidies should be temporary and offset by revenue-generating measures, including one-time solidarity taxes on high- income households and companies, where appropriate." }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "f2bbad9452e3f0868413d3296deab144", + "element_id": "da0ef04b13917f67583290e9ba57e375", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 10 }, - "text": "supply: Supply-side policies could address the key structural factors impeding growth— market power, rent seeking, rigid regulation and planning, and inefficient education—and help build resilience, reduce bottlenecks, and alleviate price pressures. A concerted push for along the supply chain of green energy technologies would bolster energy security and advance progress on the green transition." + "text": "Reinforcing supply: Supply-side policies could address the key structural factors impeding growth— including market power, rent seeking, rigid regulation and planning, and inefficient education—and could help build resilience, reduce bottlenecks, and alleviate price pressures. A concerted push for investment along the supply chain of green energy technologies would bolster energy security and help advance progress on the green transition." }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "d5ba9fe873972ad42bf915b7be19a85d", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "9b451c78081780087a0e1e67cc0eaa1d", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 10 }, - "text": "Restraining the pandemic: Global coordination is needed to resolve bottlenecks in the global distribution of vaccines and treatments. Public support for the development of new vaccine technologies and the design of systematic responses to future epidemics also remains essential. Addressing debt distress: Progress has been made for countries that requested debt treatment under the Group of Twenty’s Common Framework initiative, and more will be needed to strengthen it. It is also necessary to agree on mechanisms to resolve debt in a broader set of economies, including middle" + "text": "Strengthening multilateral cooperation—Urgent action is needed to limit the risks stemming from geopolitical fragmentation and to ensure cooperation on fundamental areas of common interest:" }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "4d0abf347cf03530ad96838eb9c74c12", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "4aec867d23254666d198ae10167ea5f8", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 10 }, - "text": "income countries that are not eligible under the Common Framework. Non– Paris Club and private creditors have a crucial role to play in ensuring coordinated, effective, and timely debt resolution processes. Strengthening global trade: Strengthening the global trading system would address risks associated with trade fragmentation. This can be achieved by rolling back restrictions on food exports and other essential items such as medicine, upgrading World Trade Organization (WTO) rules in critical areas such as agricultural and industrial subsidies, concluding and implementing new WTO" + "text": " Restraining the pandemic: Global coordination is needed to resolve bottlenecks in the global" }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "088e50e32d92d8f8989858a1a44b3cae", + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "cb704f1b6d23bfe23f6b4109c471ac8b", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 10 }, - "text": "based agreements, and fully restoring the WTO dispute settlement system. Using the global financial safety net: With the cascading of shocks to the global economy, using the global financial safety net to its fullest extent is appropriate, including by proactively utilizing the IMF’s precautionary financial arrangements and channeling aid from the international community to low" + "text": "distribution of vaccines and treatments. Public support for the development of new vaccine technologies and the design of systematic responses to future epidemics also remains essential.  Addressing debt distress: Progress has been made for countries that requested debt treatment under the Group of Twenty’s Common Framework initiative, and more will be needed to strengthen it. It is also necessary to agree on mechanisms to resolve debt in a broader set of economies, including middle-income countries that are not eligible under the Common Framework. Non– Paris Club and private creditors have a crucial role to play in ensuring coordinated, effective, and timely debt resolution processes." }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "c64758af952bc8987750f4515566a557", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "6e8f54ab447260353355161a0585d1a5", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 10 }, - "text": "income countries facing shocks. Speeding the green transition: To meet governments’ climate change goals, it is necessary to swiftly implement credible mitigation policies. International coordination on carbon pricing or equivalent policies would facilitate faster decarbonization. Global cooperation is needed to" + "text": " Strengthening global trade: Strengthening the global trading system would address risks associated" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "2f14fd2ed33750bab8c79fafe0189ff0", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "a5751b5964fbbc37b14db4811aeb37f4", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 10 }, - "text": "distribution of vaccines and treatments. Public support for the development of new vaccine technologies and the design of systematic responses to future epidemics also remains essential. Addressing debt distress: Progress has been made for countries that requested debt treatment under the Group of Twenty’s Common Framework initiative, and more will be needed to strengthen it. It is also necessary to agree on mechanisms to resolve debt in a broader set of economies, including middle-income countries that are not eligible under the Common Framework. Non– Paris Club and private creditors have a crucial role to play in ensuring coordinated, effective, and timely debt resolution processes." + "text": " Using the global financial safety net: With the cascading of shocks to the global economy, using the global financial safety net to its fullest extent is appropriate, including by proactively utilizing the IMF’s precautionary financial arrangements and channeling aid from the international community to low-income countries facing shocks." }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "d3a388008a782a0f72a7daf03146aaf2", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "9271410df6dfa8a4195f8117abf82d8e", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 10 }, - "text": "Strengthening global trade: Strengthening the global trading system would address risks associated with trade fragmentation. This can be achieved by rolling back restrictions on food exports and other essential items such as medicine, upgrading World Trade Organization (WTO) rules in critical areas such as agricultural and industrial subsidies, concluding and implementing new WTO-based agreements, and fully restoring the WTO dispute settlement system." + "text": " Speeding the green transition: To meet governments’ climate change goals, it is necessary to swiftly" }, { - "type": "FigureCaption", - "element_id": "5901e461e70d7d066c71da67babb4124", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "55983ce50355044253a0ce82f89c54d3", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 10 + }, + "text": "implement credible mitigation policies. International coordination on carbon pricing or equivalent policies would facilitate faster decarbonization. Global cooperation is needed to build resilience to climate shocks, including through aid to vulnerable countries." + }, + { + "type": "Image", + "element_id": "0e1f5e74082ed333d383fa20680f0909", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 11 }, - "text": "Figure 1.1. Global Financial Conditions: Selected Regions (Standard deviations from mean) 7 United States October Euro area 2022 6 China GFSR 5 Other AEs 4 Other EMs 3 2 1 0 –1 –2 –3 200066 0088 1100 1122 1144 1166 1188 2200 2222 Sources: Bloomberg Finance L.P.; Haver Analytics; national data sources; and IMF staff calculations. Note: AEs = advanced economies; EMs = emerging markets. GFSR= Global Financial Stability Report. Figure 1.2. Market-Implied Expectations of Policy Rates (Percent) Latest October 2022 GFSR 6 1. United States 2. Euro area 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 Oct. Apr. Oct. Dec. Dec. Oct. Apr. Oct. Dec. Dec. 22 23 23 24 26 22 23 23 24 26" + "text": "BOX 1. GLOBAL FINANCIAL STABILITY UPDATE" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "846222441c137ff4dd26599c31983da0", + "type": "Image", + "element_id": "abc4599a24dd1e7be5a91128865e95eb", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 11 }, - "text": "Overall, financial stability risks remain elevated as investors reassess their inflation and monetary policy outlook. Global financial conditions have eased somewhat since the October 2022 Global Financial Stability Report, driven largely by changing market expectations regarding the interest rate (Figure 1.1). While the expected peak in policy rates—the terminal rate—has risen, markets now also expect the subsequent fall in rates will be significantly faster, and than what was forecast in October (Figure 1.2). As a result, global bond yields have recently declined, corporate spreads have tightened, and equity markets have rebounded. That said, central banks are likely to continue to tighten monetary policy to fight inflation, and concerns that this restrictive stance could tip the economy into a recession have increased in major advanced economies." + "text": "Overall, financial stability risks remain elevated as investors reassess their inflation and monetary policy outlook. Global financial conditions have eased somewhat since the October 2022 Global Financial Stability Report, driven largely by changing market expectations regarding the interest rate cycle (Figure 1.1). While the expected peak in policy rates—the terminal rate—has risen, markets now also expect the subsequent fall in rates will be significantly faster, and further, than what was forecast in October (Figure 1.2). As a result, global bond yields have recently declined, corporate spreads have tightened, and equity markets have rebounded. That said, central banks are likely to continue to tighten monetary policy to fight inflation, and concerns that this restrictive stance could tip the economy into a recession have increased in major advanced economies. Slowing aggregate demand and weaker-than-expected inflation prints in some major advanced economies have prompted investors’ anticipation of a further reduction in the pace of future policy rate hikes. Corporate earnings forecasts have been cut due to headwinds from slowing demand, and margins have contracted across most regions. In addition, survey-based probabilities of recession have been increasing, particularly in the United States and Europe. However, upside risks to the inflation outlook remain. Despite the recent moderation in headline inflation, core inflation remains stubbornly high across most regions, labor markets are still tight, energy prices remain pressured by Russia’s ongoing war in Ukraine, and supply chain disruptions may reappear. To keep these risks in check, financial conditions will likely need to tighten further. If not, central banks may need to increase policy rates even more in order to achieve their inflation objectives. Figure 1.1. Global Financial Conditions: Selected Regions(Standard deviations from mean) October2022 GFSR United StatesEuro areaChinaOther AEsOther EMs 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 –1 –2 –3 2006 0808 06 10 10 12 12 14 16 14 16 18 18 20 2222 20 Sources: Bloomberg Finance L.P.; Haver Analytics; national data sources; and IMF staff calculations.Note: AEs = advanced economies; EMs = emerging markets. GFSR = Global Financial Stability Report. Figure 1.2. Market-Implied Expectations of Policy Rates(Percent) Latest October 2022 GFSR 1. United States 2. Euro area 5 4 3 2 1 Oct.22 Apr.23 Oct.23 Dec.24 Dec.26 Oct.22 Apr.23 Oct.23 Dec.24 Dec.26 6 5 4 3 2 1 Given the tension between rising recession risks and monetary policy uncertainty, markets have seen significant volatility. While many central banks in advanced economies have stepped down the size of hikes, they have also explicitly stated they will need to keep rates higher, for a longer period of time, to tamp down inflation. Risk assets could face significant declines if earnings retrench further or if investors reassess their outlook for monetary policy given central bank communications. Globally, the partial reversal of the dollar rally has contributed to recent easing due to improved risk appetite, and some emerging market central banks have paused tightening amid tentative signs that inflation may have peaked. Sources: Bloomberg Finance L.P.; and IMF staff calculations.Note: GFSR = Global Financial Stability Report. Financial market volatility is expected to remain elevated and could be exacerbated by poor market liquidity. For some asset classes (such as US Treasuries), liquidity has deteriorated to the March 2020 lows of the COVID-19 pandemic. With the process of central bank balance sheet reduction (quantitative tightening) underway, market liquidity is expected to remain challenging. Overall, financial stability 1 tisks remain elevated as investors rr ©wereassess their inflation and monetary policy outlook. Global~ 47 + + ~~ hl wtfinancial conditions have eased somewhat since the October 2022 Global Financial Stability Report, driven largely by a ee anne OU Tschanging market expectations regarding the i interest rate cycle en a re(Figure 1.1). While the expected peak in policy rates—the Sm eS aS as Ss en aterminal rate—has tisen, markets now also expect the Sssubsequent fall i in rates will be significantly faster, and further, es aethan what was forecast in October (Figure 1.2). As a result, a, > aglobal bond yields have recently declined, corporate spreads+ +. 14 Ia Vehave tightened, and equity markets have rebounded. That oe Seessaid, central banks are likely to continue to tighten monetary policy to fight inflation, and concerns that this restrictive a mrstance could tip the economy into a recession have increased eS Ain major advanced economies. Slowing aggregate demand and weaker-than-expected cm ce TSinflation prints in some major advanced economies have prompted i investors’ anticipation ofa farther reduction ir in the pace, oeof future policy rate hikes. Corporate earnings forecasts It a r°have been cut lve to headwinds from 1 slowing demand, and margins a a a ae a>have contracted across most regions. In addition, survey-based a ee a aeprobabilities of recession have been increasing, particularly in the United States and Europe. However, upside risks to the inflation outlook remain. Despite a SS Msthe recent moderation in headline inflation, core inflation remains labor markets ate still tight, a a a, a ae o> eeenergy prices remain pressured by Russia’s ongoing war in Ukraine, Of tT OFand supply chain disruptions may reappear. To keep these tisks in es ae ars er es ae escheck, financial conditions will likely need to tighten further. ik not, a a i a acentral banks may need to increase policy rates even more in order oa _ rtto achieve their inflation objectives. i ae Given the tension between rising recession risks and monetary policy uncertainty, markets have seen significant volatility. ItWhile ma many central banks in advanced economies have stepped ordown the size of hikes, they have also explicitly stated they will need to keep rates higher, for a longer period « of time, to tamp down inflations Risk assets could face significant -edeclines if earnings poner further or if investors reassess theit outlook for monetary policy ¢1 given central oa ~— a a a orebank communications. Globally, the partial reversal of the dollar rally has contributed to recent easing due - oto improved risk appetite, and some emerging market central banks have paused tightening amid tentative rc tr”signs that inflation may have peaked.a Financial market volatility i is expected 1 to remain n elevated and could be exacerbated by poor Ed a aemarket liquidity. For some as s (such as US Treasuries), liquidity has deteriorated to the March ee os ae2020 lows of the COVID- 19 pandemic. With the Process of central bank Iballertae sheet reduction expected to remain challenging.(quantitative tightening) underway, ees liquidity Euro areaChinaOther AEsOther EMs Other AEsOther EMs" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "600c104cd3f0c84c985a350795c6b20e", + "type": "Image", + "element_id": "62910f4fb4cdcad4499e78c53c883583", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 11 }, - "text": "Slowing aggregate demand and weaker-than-expected inflation prints in some major advanced economies have prompted investors’ anticipation of a further reduction in the pace of future policy rate hikes. Corporate earnings forecasts have been cut due to headwinds from slowing demand, and have contracted across most regions. In addition, survey-based probabilities of recession have been increasing, particularly in the United States and Europe." + "text": "Figure 1.1. Global Financial Conditions: Selected Regions(Standard deviations from mean) October2022 GFSR United StatesEuro areaChinaOther AEsOther EMs 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 –1 –2 –3 2006 0808 06 10 10 12 12 14 16 14 16 18 18 20 2222 20 Sources: Bloomberg Finance L.P.; Haver Analytics; national data sources; and IMF staff calculations.Note: AEs = advanced economies; EMs = emerging markets. GFSR = Global Financial Stability Report. Euro areaChinaOther AEsOther EMs Other AEsOther EMs" }, { - "type": "FigureCaption", - "element_id": "27fc6851780828d92752d50063772e95", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "f79a09409db68af141e82d9ac113ded8", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 11 }, - "text": "(Percent) Latest October 2022 GFSR 6 1. United States 2. Euro area 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 Oct. Apr. Oct. Dec. Dec. Oct. Apr. Oct. Dec. Dec. 22 23 23 24 26 22 23 23 24 26" + "text": "Figure 1.1. Global Financial Conditions: Selected Regions (Standard deviations from mean)" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "c132cb2a45c3a5acc5a3378d939669a6", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "3bb936c1a0a051d8786700b630295974", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 11 }, - "text": "stubbornly high across most regions, labor markets are still tight, energy prices remain pressured by Russia’s ongoing war in Ukraine, and supply chain disruptions may reappear. To keep these risks in check, financial conditions will likely need to tighten further. If not, central banks may need to increase policy rates even more in order to achieve their inflation objectives." + "text": "United States Euro area China Other AEs Other EMs" }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "9dd76f161bac8d3fe0addee28eec2a35", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "10159baf262b43a92d95db59dae1f72c", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 11 }, - "text": "Given the tension between rising recession risks and monetary policy uncertainty, markets have seen significant volatility." + "text": "7" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "d073e054fbe8931eb0e200b268710187", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "32d9d432ea30d4913ea73770664638a6", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 11 }, - "text": "Sources: Bloomberg Finance L.P.; and IMF staff calculations. Note: GFSR = Global Financial Stability Report." + "text": "October 2022 GFSR" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "174c9623698bed5992386c896d426446", + "type": "Image", + "element_id": "661b14c0170e1c851afd72f52e658ca5", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 11 }, - "text": "Note: GFSR = Global Financial Stability Report. While many central banks in advanced economies have stepped down the size of hikes, they have also explicitly stated they will need to keep rates higher, for a longer period of time, to tamp down inflation. Risk assets could face declines if earnings retrench further or if investors reassess their outlook for monetary policy given bank communications. Globally, the partial reversal of the dollar rally has contributed to recent easing to improved risk appetite, and some emerging market central banks have paused tightening amid signs that inflation may have peaked." + "text": "Euro areaChinaOther AEsOther EMs" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "e4d750154a4f0923d7836adf00bde95f", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "06e9d52c1720fca412803e3b07c4b228", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 11 }, - "text": "market liquidity. For some asset classes (such as US Treasuries), liquidity has deteriorated to the March 2020 lows of the COVID-19 pandemic. With the process of central bank balance sheet reduction (quantitative tightening) underway, market liquidity is expected to remain challenging." + "text": "6" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "f0b5c2c2211c8d67ed15e75e656c7862", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 11 + }, + "text": "5" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "7de1555df0c2700329e815b93b32c571", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 11 + }, + "text": "4" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "1121cfccd5913f0a63fec40a6ffd44ea", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 11 + }, + "text": "3" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "53c234e5e8472b6ac51c1ae1cab3fe06", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 11 + }, + "text": "2" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "4355a46b19d348dc2f57c046f8ef63d4", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 11 + }, + "text": "1" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "9a271f2a916b0b6ee6cecb2426f0b320", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 11 + }, + "text": "0" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "08eef7c951939a02267f85d18d3baf0c", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 11 + }, + "text": "–1" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "c620a5b5b4db7227ec57c4de63d5705a", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 11 + }, + "text": "–2" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "83bc31c4ab85bda29b6442c4aa8b1306", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 11 + }, + "text": "–3" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "b7b22a1a0dd52d65e13ef53d11836932", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 11 + }, + "text": "2006 08 08" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "dfdb0f123cf8b8b2bb36f70da82b8804", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 11 + }, + "text": "10 10" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "cdcd7da134ed48b36d35843e9f31af03", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 11 + }, + "text": "12 12" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "0ec960fab1d2953e7149d0f3c7024364", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 11 + }, + "text": "14 16 14" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "ea079c2747fa5ebeedffbc53cba88970", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 11 + }, + "text": "18 18" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "c233ba96b340d716275a45f83a22708d", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 11 + }, + "text": "20 22 22" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "09249963490d90835afd8926fbb61e62", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 11 + }, + "text": "06" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "e6c21e8d260fe71882debdb339d2402a", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 11 + }, + "text": "16" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "5378796307535df3ec8d8b15a2e2dc56", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 11 + }, + "text": "20" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "d78f392a386b26aa260548d71936abff", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 11 + }, + "text": "Sources: Bloomberg Finance L.P.; Haver Analytics; national data sources; and IMF staff calculations. Note: AEs = advanced economies; EMs = emerging markets. GFSR = Global Financial Stability Report." + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "be54412821e5c5c1d8dd726e2a1518f1", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 11 + }, + "text": "Slowing aggregate demand and weaker-than-expected inflation prints in some major advanced economies have prompted investors’ anticipation of a further reduction in the pace of future policy rate hikes. Corporate earnings forecasts have been cut due to headwinds from slowing demand, and margins have contracted across most regions. In addition, survey-based probabilities of recession have been increasing, particularly in the United States and Europe. However, upside risks to the inflation outlook remain. Despite the recent moderation in headline inflation, core inflation remains stubbornly high across most regions, labor markets are still tight, energy prices remain pressured by Russia’s ongoing war in Ukraine, and supply chain disruptions may reappear. To keep these risks in check, financial conditions will likely need to tighten further. If not, central banks may need to increase policy rates even more in order to achieve their inflation objectives." + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "9511bbd64fb873accac793ad8191b19b", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 11 + }, + "text": "Figure 1.2. Market-Implied Expectations of Policy Rates (Percent)" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "c3e0fd2d4e37ea55e6ebfcf6c544a70e", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 11 + }, + "text": "Latest" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "08f6e8fb9ba5e2b9c1e4eb6696d00610", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 11 + }, + "text": "October 2022 GFSR" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "f0b5c2c2211c8d67ed15e75e656c7862", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 11 + }, + "text": "5" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "06e9d52c1720fca412803e3b07c4b228", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 11 + }, + "text": "6" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "d91dca464ef07b2054c553f896fdb9ca", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 11 + }, + "text": "2. Euro area" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "de5fef2c6bd3b387d19639dbc8784016", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 11 + }, + "text": "1. United States" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "f0b5c2c2211c8d67ed15e75e656c7862", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 11 + }, + "text": "5" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "7de1555df0c2700329e815b93b32c571", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 11 + }, + "text": "4" + }, + { + "type": "Image", + "element_id": "1785b4af2ab04f2ea679dd9114d560cc", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 11 + }, + "text": "However, upside risks to the inflation outlook remain. Despite" + }, + { + "type": "Image", + "element_id": "00a36f426117b58ae8910914d560aa62", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 11 + }, + "text": "a SS Msthe recent moderation in headline inflation, core inflation remains" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "7de1555df0c2700329e815b93b32c571", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 11 + }, + "text": "4" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "1121cfccd5913f0a63fec40a6ffd44ea", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 11 + }, + "text": "3" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "1121cfccd5913f0a63fec40a6ffd44ea", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 11 + }, + "text": "3" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "53c234e5e8472b6ac51c1ae1cab3fe06", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 11 + }, + "text": "2" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "53c234e5e8472b6ac51c1ae1cab3fe06", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 11 + }, + "text": "2" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "4355a46b19d348dc2f57c046f8ef63d4", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 11 + }, + "text": "1" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "4355a46b19d348dc2f57c046f8ef63d4", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 11 + }, + "text": "1" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "b1b074f02d43a5ace5633ff6df86e7c8", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 11 + }, + "text": "Oct. 22" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "fbd1fa1628fb372ebbbdd0cd0b6a2319", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 11 + }, + "text": "Apr. 23" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "7b7dee8a185c9d1212af8b334518d5e1", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 11 + }, + "text": "Oct. 23" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "d3c564f9dc1a801c1f91d8490a72b2cf", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 11 + }, + "text": "Dec. 24" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "c69708757c0b20d59b95ce78d00f4fec", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 11 + }, + "text": "Dec. 26" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "b1b074f02d43a5ace5633ff6df86e7c8", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 11 + }, + "text": "Oct. 22" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "fbd1fa1628fb372ebbbdd0cd0b6a2319", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 11 + }, + "text": "Apr. 23" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "7b7dee8a185c9d1212af8b334518d5e1", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 11 + }, + "text": "Oct. 23" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "d3c564f9dc1a801c1f91d8490a72b2cf", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 11 + }, + "text": "Dec. 24" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "c69708757c0b20d59b95ce78d00f4fec", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 11 + }, + "text": "Dec. 26" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "06d12185958a014c0c9d6afeab7426c2", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 11 + }, + "text": "WEO Update © 2023 • ISBN: 979-8-40023-224-4" } ] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/s3/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf.json b/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/s3/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf.json index 13046c3e3..0b38f8363 100644 --- a/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/s3/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf.json +++ b/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/s3/small-pdf-set/Silent-Giant-(1).pdf.json @@ -1,17 +1,37 @@ [ { - "type": "FigureCaption", - "element_id": "e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb924", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "51174df4a3a78fe261885b1818b66876", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "" + "text": "The Silent Giant" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "e2b1006b190b699d597fdb0f1d73f8f9", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "The need for nuclear in a clean energy system" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "2fa985d0a50e61b09ec22c447cc4b2c9", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 3 + }, + "text": "Executive Summary" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "9bff2faee4fea8dcc4eb42ae57e04770", + "element_id": "1f4925fb064910ee923ccc1f6b20715b", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -21,7 +41,7 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "6395cb173a26a3cc05ad01c273a797eb", + "element_id": "46385c950e7da4d8e588686a541335c2", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -31,7 +51,7 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "a5996102613c8e4d5e4b533c8f08e17e", + "element_id": "ae77460bce2d3a52d823954ccb9c708f", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -41,7 +61,7 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "61ae2d39f8933fba474f75a6747369cf", + "element_id": "8e1e0570b2ba9211cc184c21a3ffbf90", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -51,17 +71,17 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "d3021d8e10922712dc307874ba073885", + "element_id": "c6d2fa859e6df9845dee4044d05ddbc5", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 3 }, - "text": "Nuclear energy has shown – be it in France or Sweden – that it has the potential to be the catalyst for sustainable energy transitions, long before climate change was on the agenda. The use of nuclear energy the fast track to a high-powered and clean energy system, which not only delivers a healthier environment an affordable supply of electricity, but also strengthens energy security and helps mitigate climate change." + "text": "Nuclear energy has shown – be it in France or Sweden – that it has the potential to be the catalyst for delivering sustainable energy transitions, long before climate change was on the agenda. The use of nuclear energy is the fast track to a high-powered and clean energy system, which not only delivers a healthier environment and an affordable supply of electricity, but also strengthens energy security and helps mitigate climate change." }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "7fcca1e8ff6edf9f771e53f8fe5fc5bb", + "element_id": "e055395659c9e1aa4d5c0afb188e4a9e", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -71,7 +91,7 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "fafd2592ad2373e42119f989c625aca2", + "element_id": "33a2aba13d6b228d8d6f792f16caa684", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -80,58 +100,58 @@ "text": "In order to realise the full potential of nuclear energy we have identified three key areas where actions are required:" }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "6618b2a00e54fc59aa8dd79fcf6c2a1b", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "9209d9a3c8ea19bed487dff9476428ee", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 3 }, - "text": "The need to create a level playing field that values reliability and energy" + "text": "• The need to create a level playing field that values reliability and energy security" }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "9c4387f669c689e9af0a712fd494b2d7", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "ae74ee3ddcecd2ffb75672d469c80a0e", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 3 }, - "text": "The need for harmony in the nuclear regulatory environment" + "text": "• The need for harmony in the nuclear regulatory environment" }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "93e7dedc9d334470067ad2de1f9ee788", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "fc3dce875be553fa0f1e9200bc4c80c8", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 3 }, - "text": "The need for a holistic safety paradigm for the whole electricity system." + "text": "• The need for a holistic safety paradigm for the whole electricity system." }, { - "type": "FigureCaption", - "element_id": "e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb924", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "4355a46b19d348dc2f57c046f8ef63d4", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 3 }, - "text": "" + "text": "1" }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "2aa9975fd613f61cb1d1a98c83884205", + "element_id": "257fa04b9d79fc46da551d720411595a", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 4 }, - "text": "drivers for a clean energy system" + "text": "The drivers for a clean energy system" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "34e7f45fa2fe58da47f8f001b9ecfe34", + "element_id": "ca18f74506ddc1bca89179259f3ff4cb", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -140,28 +160,288 @@ "text": "Electricity is central to modern life – it powers our daily lives, as well as our dreams and ambitions. Demand has grown steadily for more than 100 years, and will continue to do so as many parts of the world continue to develop, and electrification takes a central role in efforts to decarbonize (Figure 1). With nearly a billion people around the world still living in the dark, without access to electricity, humanity has a responsibility to learn from the past - everyone has the right to enjoy a modern lifestyle in a way that does not cause harm to people or the planet." }, { - "type": "FigureCaption", - "element_id": "259ebbd79882ee61390c52104a5779dd", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "77c961beec46d91dd31212c47dfbaa9d", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 4 }, - "text": "45,000 Marine 40,000 CSP Solar PV 35,000 Geothermal 30,000 Wind 25,000 Bioenergy Hydro 20,000 Nuclear 15,000 Gas 10,000 Oil Coal 5,000 0 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040" + "text": "45,000" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "45094f5255ad59154be557b419998528", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "8c303ab9b3fb12c855d67bc670841299", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 4 }, - "text": "Figure 1. IEA projected electricity production and sources to 2040i" + "text": " Marine" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "8635a2005fe7dc2491c5d0f888d863ca", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": " CSP" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "3034a0577f73a1b5076e3a6e4e209252", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "40,000" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "3c01e983d1c0b6e1f7e5009554c15bfc", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": " Solar PV" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "68cdfe583ab8752b697feb4b762c17eb", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "35,000" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "24fda359cfaadc2b4765e4d96cc580bd", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": " Geothermal" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "ba980165f95d647935bbb000d0a9bf57", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "30,000" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "b4686d8980288cc18e25dd88862018fb", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": " Wind" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "62f86400f0347bdbe07e40c3063fd3bb", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "h W T" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "6a5e5dc7ebe4536d6c4a8358ceae6b52", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": " Bioenergy" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "e5a636fefc8e5e0d9483c6ffdfe6fa2d", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "25,000" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "f3869bfc418f6b38b211f34af7bbbee9", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": " Hydro" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "6ea17978f8b5646d74e3640938409b0b", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "20,000" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "b1dad634c86b14162ce382a54d48adc4", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": " Nuclear" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "f6e7c5652bc0607d83b62e5075496c9a", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "15,000" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "17c583e364eb53f4713ee1b11c10eae5", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": " Gas" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "ebf087fd620248057b4b331f6ff855ce", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "10,000" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "79615d00dc2ebc2416ace53ae6e85050", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": " Oil" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "6ffe26de44efed734882cd46e5aec24e", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": " Coal" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "47af55050b9d14f32f04c4a2745263ae", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "5,000" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "9a271f2a916b0b6ee6cecb2426f0b320", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "0" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "1d8fa3c8ab49d50b30fccbbd901735d5", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "2000" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "9aa2c4daec913f415a0d0e1cde7b9c2f", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "2010" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "6961729a2feb7f501ade1082297c00ff", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "2020" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "c5aeba7f7b48e1efc2d73205a4e08c18", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "2030" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "1633715e5907ba95a1e67918b4489b36", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "2040" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "ec3fb4d0094a8d78930e6048214fe8de", + "element_id": "578e73d091a9463a76ea7502a6a92503", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "Figure 1. IEA projected electricity production and sources to 2040 i" + }, + { + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "427b54db6e4b434f92954bc67db93473", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -171,7 +451,7 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "3b196ff3a2a47b88afe5428424833f34", + "element_id": "92f6fd6a561b87154049d083b93b611d", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -180,18 +460,158 @@ "text": "Despite the very considerable efforts to decarbonize the economy and the countless billions spent, our world remains heavily addicted to fossil fuels. The trend is clear – instead of reducing our dependence on fossil fuels, we are increasing it (Figure 2). As a direct result, greenhouse gas emissions continue to rise when they need to drastically fall." }, { - "type": "FigureCaption", - "element_id": "ac50e73ab7dc9ebb7792da9c69e7321a", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "1d4566e4a45f0c4aba925b605c5c29a9", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 4 }, - "text": "30,000,000 High-carbon Low-carbon 25,000,000 20,000,000 15,000,000 10,000,000 5,000,000 0 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015" + "text": "30,000,000" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "57e953601d50f87b811dd3a1176459b8", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": " High-carbon  Low-carbon" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "0c2e76ebc12acb57a99a59afdd10879b", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "25,000,000" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "6828f10a9484cfe05e08bf937b86c89c", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "20,000,000" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "f6c1b0e99bd5f8d7ca3c879d69bca871", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "h W G" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "565954b7c6b77d26b0456d4ed8086bae", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "15,000,000" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "1a7fe6dffe8b66636f379b39794ba14e", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "10,000,000" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "d8f4b4bcada620f4828adc345cf1ae29", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "5,000,000" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "9a271f2a916b0b6ee6cecb2426f0b320", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "0" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "2ab513b1608dd3d214980f32cdf095ca", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "1990" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "bb9648cea301887e4a8bc2e6333ffcb0", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "1995" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "1d8fa3c8ab49d50b30fccbbd901735d5", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "2000" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "f60bec30ad92f8e51260778359ffd843", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "2005" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "9aa2c4daec913f415a0d0e1cde7b9c2f", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "2010" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "48cb883c2faf5ca5980c763e15707347", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "2015" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "bfff0ad483569ddfb7b71ce317e0798a", + "element_id": "aa04bda99d06997f39a4b613c2c62be5", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -200,28 +620,28 @@ "text": "Figure 2. Worldwide electricity generation by fuel (1990-2016)ii" }, { - "type": "FigureCaption", - "element_id": "e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb924", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "53c234e5e8472b6ac51c1ae1cab3fe06", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "2" + }, + { + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "d841776bdfaae69274a3c8b898021653", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 5 }, - "text": "" + "text": "We need to deliver a worldwide transformation that is socially, economically and environmentally sustainable. We need a system that is affordable – no one should have to choose between heating their home, and essentials like eating – as well as helping to alleviate poverty, and ensure the realization of human potential globally. We need a power source that can not only help us mitigate the effects of climate change and environmental degradation, but can also help bring the enormous benefits of reliable electricity supply to the corners of the world that do not have access to it." }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "b46a5b9edc926fe0976474cea30e5119", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 - }, - "text": "We need to deliver a worldwide transformation that is socially, economically and environmentally sustainable. We need a system that is affordable – no one should have to choose between heating their home, and essentials like eating – as well as helping to alleviate poverty, and ensure the realization of human potential globally. We need a power source that can not only help us mitigate the effects of climate change and environmental degradation, but can also help bring the enormous benefits of reliable electricity supply to the corners of the world that do" - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "7b110a03229e5d918d8773d84e72e11f", + "element_id": "10a72512425bbe7a4cdd6529b0337d90", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -231,37 +651,27 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "6b6d1598a1fc15420f0d8fa2e590329f", + "element_id": "030d3154a592248139651c5f8fbef1d5", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 5 }, - "text": "Modern society is dependent on the steady supply of electricity, every day of the year – regardless of weather, season or time of day – and nuclear energy is particularly well-suited to providing this service. Given that the majority of baseload supply is fossil-based, an increase in the use of nuclear energy would result in a rapid decarbonization of the electricity system. The International Energy Agency’s (IEA) recent reportIII on nuclear energy highlighted the importance of dependable baseload electricity generators and the need to properly value and compensate them for the electricity security and reliability services they provide." + "text": "Modern society is dependent on the steady supply of electricity, every day of the year – regardless of weather, season or time of day – and nuclear energy is particularly well-suited to providing this service. Given that the majority of baseload supply is fossil-based, an increase in the use of nuclear energy would result in a rapid decarbonization of the electricity system. The International Energy Agency’s (IEA) recent report III on nuclear energy highlighted the importance of dependable baseload electricity generators and the need to properly value and compensate them for the electricity security and reliability services they provide." }, { - "type": "FigureCaption", - "element_id": "87289b7325e8d8052da6f0182799e2a3", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "1121cfccd5913f0a63fec40a6ffd44ea", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 5 }, - "text": "ee Nie" - }, - { - "type": "FigureCaption", - "element_id": "e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb924", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 - }, - "text": "" + "text": "3" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "1e5daa43ba0635dfd0531f977293b55d", + "element_id": "a53cecd93ffb9ec731b7974f1805e924", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -271,37 +681,37 @@ }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "c8d1ea5df77be96423ed777bb9b89f6e", + "element_id": "899a2c517ba69726f3808d66f442e439", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 6 }, - "text": "to a sustainable" + "text": "Moving to a sustainable future" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "86b3bd49950817f0698e01c38424f335", + "element_id": "a8c17b6aa3cad915f2f7e0126706c2f5", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 6 }, - "text": "The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) special report on Global Warming of 1.5°Civ examined a large number of different scenarios for limiting global warming to 1.5°C. Of those scenarios which would achieve the 1.5°C target, the mean increase in nuclear energy’s contribution to electricity production was 2.5 times higher compared to today. However, the ‘middle-of-the-road’ scenario – in which social, economic, and technological trends follow current patterns and would not require major changes to, for example, diet and travel habits – sees the need for nuclear increase by five times globally by 2050." + "text": "The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) special report on Global Warming of 1.5°C iv examined a large number of different scenarios for limiting global warming to 1.5°C. Of those scenarios which would achieve the 1.5°C target, the mean increase in nuclear energy’s contribution to electricity production was 2.5 times higher compared to today. However, the ‘middle-of-the-road’ scenario – in which social, economic, and technological trends follow current patterns and would not require major changes to, for example, diet and travel habits – sees the need for nuclear increase by five times globally by 2050." }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "b33cbc918e272bdb7360da58af3480ef", + "element_id": "7562e707e991f1fb634fff41f2cae0e4", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 6 }, - "text": "The IEA has concluded that without an expanded contribution from nuclear energy, the already huge challenge of achieving emissions reductions will become drastically harder and more costly. In their latest report on nuclear energyv, published in 2019, they also conclude that not using nuclear would have negative implications for energy security and result in higher costs for the consumers. The IEA recommends policy reforms to ‘… ensure competition on a level playing field’ and that the ‘… focus should be on designing electricity markets in a way that values the clean energy and energy security attributes of low-carbon technologies, including nuclear power.’ Such reforms should also ensure that reliability of electricity production is properly valued and" + "text": "The IEA has concluded that without an expanded contribution from nuclear energy, the already huge challenge of achieving emissions reductions will become drastically harder and more costly. In their latest report on nuclear energy v, published in 2019, they also conclude that not using nuclear would have negative implications for energy security and result in higher costs for the consumers. The IEA recommends policy reforms to ‘… ensure competition on a level playing field’ and that the ‘… focus should be on designing electricity markets in a way that values the clean energy and energy security attributes of low-carbon technologies, including nuclear power.’ Such reforms should also ensure that reliability of electricity production is properly valued and compensated." }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "0bac109dbd9ba991aa99fc4c961fa5e6", + "element_id": "1cde21cc10aa769a17ca11aa1e10823e", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -311,7 +721,7 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "3e66425c70ff43fc4bd7a8542615f845", + "element_id": "af2424b7ec665072a2ee0bdcd901e244", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -320,38 +730,178 @@ "text": "In regard to the need for a level playing field, we see that many of the world’s electricity markets operate in an unsustainable fashion, dominated by short-term thinking. Electricity supply which is affordable, reliable and available 24/7 generates broad societal benefits, and as seen in Figure 3, nuclear is one of the most affordable electricity sources." }, { - "type": "FigureCaption", - "element_id": "e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb924", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "7de1555df0c2700329e815b93b32c571", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 6 }, - "text": "" + "text": "4" }, { - "type": "FigureCaption", - "element_id": "6c02b88075198d1f1fec5ef5f2812a79", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "f807fe6dc767be2e7021d41540114b33", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "300 250 200 150 100 50 0 m m er vci ola tl aic ore Wind ore Wind N uclear C C G T C oal o o h h C hot O ns Offs P" + "text": "300" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "44114dddbbf6623d1adf1526bd636a5f", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "e4355a05c3a4b156700c4a1a32867d8f", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "3. Comparative cost projections for main electricity" + "text": "250" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "c11e3f4837efde2441e23a7b9da02131", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 7 + }, + "text": "200" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "a43ed83561fcd3fd0e8ebc26b75c03a2", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 7 + }, + "text": "h W M / $" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "9a7f91a861f59c0cb27f0af9323d158f", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 7 + }, + "text": "150" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "eea8254c7500ba3de996aa8ad6af3991", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 7 + }, + "text": "100" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "7ea9844ae84eccbf55e8330640865e36", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 7 + }, + "text": "50" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "9a271f2a916b0b6ee6cecb2426f0b320", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 7 + }, + "text": "0" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "67ce702fad605ee58ad463476f7bcb16", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 7 + }, + "text": "O nshore Wind" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "fdd9c7bea4376190ba61f9a9e1eafb1f", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 7 + }, + "text": "Offshore Wind" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "6eb2aff0d17ccc5c242423c49cd5b462", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 7 + }, + "text": "N uclear" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "a9ca20a4166082413bf2687661c607ab", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 7 + }, + "text": "m ercial Photovoltaic" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "98ba3127e4028e41ec82ece31d2227ff", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 7 + }, + "text": "C oal" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "1762dfdd3cbb26539145bea0b3bba9e3", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 7 + }, + "text": "C C G T" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "f0e87c8870a65c1dac86b290c3ad79ad", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 7 + }, + "text": "C o m" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "2ab586ee62ae5df39457de72cd499acc", + "element_id": "a5846cd18e790db780cc03f9e5f63278", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 7 + }, + "text": "Figure 3. Comparative cost projections for main electricity generators vi" + }, + { + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "9ad4cf48d0b9d0bbfd257214f3d050dd", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -361,7 +911,7 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "26391dca0fee0bc1dadffc1f326606a1", + "element_id": "13ff2375260e277c2dfbc8826aa50a65", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -371,7 +921,7 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "bd0ec36fafaa71452d3b71c5575b2979", + "element_id": "4b3dad9b769c100e89b2c082e7d9e13e", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -381,27 +931,27 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "0cef0a242ba57c8045a84e6409ea4f10", + "element_id": "0ce74aa5e786157de72d5ae801d86cc4", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has highlighted the importance of addressing this issue, concluding that the lack of regulatory harmony ‘…causes many drawbacks for the entire nuclear industry, including developers, vendors, operators and even regulators themselves…This results in increased costs and reduced predictability in project execution’.vii It is therefore crucial that we harmonize the regulatory process to address these weaknesses, and avoid unnecessary duplication and inconsistencies." + "text": "The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has highlighted the importance of addressing this issue, concluding that the lack of regulatory harmony ‘…causes many drawbacks for the entire nuclear industry, including developers, vendors, operators and even regulators themselves…This results in increased costs and reduced predictability in project execution’. vii It is therefore crucial that we harmonize the regulatory process to address these weaknesses, and avoid unnecessary duplication and inconsistencies." }, { - "type": "FigureCaption", - "element_id": "e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb924", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "f0b5c2c2211c8d67ed15e75e656c7862", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "" + "text": "5" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "4acd9d695e499834265cbd3b43734f02", + "element_id": "2cf9c478a20b21f5792941a179d926e9", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -410,38 +960,308 @@ "text": "In regard to the need for a holistic safety paradigm for the whole electricity system, we need to consider safety from a societal perspective, something the current energy system fails to do. The health, environmental and safety benefits of nuclear energy are not sufficiently understood and valued when compared with other electricity sources. Nuclear energy remains the safest form of electricity generation (Figure 4). Additionally, the use of nuclear consistently prevents many tens of thousands of deaths (mainly resulting from air pollution) every year by avoiding the use of coal - lifesaving measures which must be better recognised and valued." }, { - "type": "FigureCaption", - "element_id": "39d8baa95e0deaa41bdd5142eb5b1662", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "251afbc1fe2e0118f21efcd99a65edef", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 8 }, - "text": "140 120 120 99.5 100 71.9 80 60 40 20 8.5 1.78 0.245 <0.01 0 C oal Oil ural gas ore wi (nd U K) ore wi mn ad ny) Solar PV N uclear* Nat sh sh er Off O n (G raey WT rep e" + "text": "140" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "97b912eb4a61df5f806ca6239dde3e1a", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 8 + }, + "text": "120" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "97b912eb4a61df5f806ca6239dde3e1a", + "metadata": { + 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any)" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "98ba3127e4028e41ec82ece31d2227ff", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 8 + }, + "text": "C oal" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "4de0cf52492346845f7e8abfe590f19a", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 8 + }, + "text": "Oil" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "e942714ca8bde7c2efa0a45180d3bcb0", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 8 + }, + "text": "N atural gas" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "df5a848ad391f40be143b3f9ffe2fea5", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 8 + }, + "text": "N uclear*" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "3edd8937a7bab25176f1685d7dbd0ee7", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + 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Comparison of number of fatalities due to electricity generationviii" + "text": "Figure 4. Comparison of number of fatalities due to electricity generation viii" }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "99d059f90ce3a3e7502406e30de4717d", + "element_id": "98d83a387e3ac2261daaf8d936bf3e27", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 8 }, - "text": "for a sustainable tomorrow" + "text": "Nuclear for a sustainable tomorrow" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "b5ee125fcd9081f8d86dbe2a999efdc5", + "element_id": "1119369ba9a68924c64155762de72d8e", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -450,48 +1270,428 @@ "text": "Nuclear energy is already making a significant contribution to providing the world with clean and abundant electricity, and has a proven track record of being a reliable workhorse around the world. Countries like France, Sweden and Switzerland have proven that it is possible to divorce economic growth from an increase in damaging emissions and over the timescales required to effectively challenge climate change and environmental degradation (Figures 5 and 6). Nuclear can ensure that fast-growing populations achieve rising standards of living – without having to sacrifice the planet or their own well-being." }, { - "type": "FigureCaption", - "element_id": "81e9e346cb5f4662d56e34c6788ad5c8", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "eea8254c7500ba3de996aa8ad6af3991", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 8 }, - "text": "100 Coal 90 Gas/Oil 80 Biofuels/Waste 70 Wind/Solar Hydro 60 Nuclear 50 40 30 20 10 0 France Sweden Switzerland" + "text": "100" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "3231c1e9d8203f0af115788953441475", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "6ffe26de44efed734882cd46e5aec24e", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 8 }, - "text": "Figure 5. The importance of nuclear in ensuring clean energy systems in France, Sweden and Switzerlandix" + "text": " Coal" }, { - "type": "FigureCaption", - "element_id": "d48fc1984014689cff1a8794c196a866", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "4393447bd3c1d55ea7f97417ecb1b36a", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 8 + }, + "text": "90" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "d5a5a11f0c001fb873af2d6486e2cee8", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 8 + }, + "text": " Gas/Oil" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "95aebc97bc646c67fdcd923a5965b001", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 8 + }, + "text": "80" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "786bab3ef1ef6eb1fcdc0fa23550979a", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 8 + }, + "text": " Biofuels/Waste" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "031c321d624bf50687112304934fa5eb", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 8 + }, + "text": " Wind/Solar" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "6442bc26a7c562f5afe6467dab36365c", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 8 + }, + "text": "70" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "f3869bfc418f6b38b211f34af7bbbee9", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 8 + }, + "text": " Hydro" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "95cf32708a31caa478a0e9141103ac56", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 8 + }, + "text": "60" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "b1dad634c86b14162ce382a54d48adc4", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 8 + }, + "text": " Nuclear" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "7ea9844ae84eccbf55e8330640865e36", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 8 + }, + "text": "50" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "d14506655223461adf0b7bb605d29ca9", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 8 + }, + "text": "%" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "673650f936cb3b0a2f93ce09d81be107", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 8 + }, + "text": "40" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "f4ccd05b3271c386ee55d9876c745001", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 8 + }, + "text": "30" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "5378796307535df3ec8d8b15a2e2dc56", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 8 + }, + "text": "20" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "917df3320d778ddbaa5c5c7742bc4046", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 8 + }, + "text": "10" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "9a271f2a916b0b6ee6cecb2426f0b320", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 8 + }, + "text": "0" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "33da389e078bb8a1bb99d7d9f36dbd7b", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 8 + }, + "text": "France" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "1db294c7364fc17dc2ee53fc65525364", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 8 + }, + "text": "Sweden" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "329ce2a3cc4df2642ca6c34007751c48", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 8 + }, + "text": "Switzerland" + }, + { + "type": "NarrativeText", + "element_id": "fd1b6d076800203a708efab109d9393a", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 8 + }, + "text": "Figure 5. The importance of nuclear in ensuring clean energy systems in France, Sweden and Switzerland ix" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "06e9d52c1720fca412803e3b07c4b228", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 8 + }, + "text": "6" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "ab8e9a58c47abe1aeff8ae620a0ed614", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 9 }, - "text": "600 Non-hydro 500 ren. & waste Nuclear 400 Natural gas 300 Hydro Oil 200 Coal 100 0 1974 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2017" + "text": "600" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "ac7caa336001a59cc1b0befd9ecb4291", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "ef45d070844e892dd7274e2b58d343ea", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 9 }, - "text": "Figure 6. The lasting decarbonization of French electricity and nuclear’s ability to meet growing demandx" + "text": " Non-hydro" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "792376c209f338959be4cf00c54dbf82", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 9 + }, + "text": "500" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "cc40c9143c9f0c501888494eb267ebaa", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 9 + }, + "text": "ren. & waste" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "b1dad634c86b14162ce382a54d48adc4", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 9 + }, + "text": " Nuclear" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "e4df891c484d7abb985dadf539fa1883", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 9 + }, + "text": "400" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "a9841ec903dc8bcd39950abd149df9dd", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 9 + }, + "text": " Natural gas" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "62f86400f0347bdbe07e40c3063fd3bb", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 9 + }, + "text": "h W T" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "f807fe6dc767be2e7021d41540114b33", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 9 + }, + "text": "300" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "f3869bfc418f6b38b211f34af7bbbee9", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 9 + }, + "text": " Hydro" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "79615d00dc2ebc2416ace53ae6e85050", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 9 + }, + "text": " Oil" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "c11e3f4837efde2441e23a7b9da02131", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 9 + }, + "text": "200" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "6ffe26de44efed734882cd46e5aec24e", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 9 + }, + "text": " Coal" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "eea8254c7500ba3de996aa8ad6af3991", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 9 + }, + "text": "100" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "9a271f2a916b0b6ee6cecb2426f0b320", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 9 + }, + "text": "0" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "8ea1b12682d5b847dcb49dca068d07fb", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 9 + }, + "text": "1974" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "36d4b9120cc6b50600aa19f4b5d273f2", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 9 + }, + "text": "1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "25f91192af970b5bd535ae379e4294e3", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 9 + }, + "text": "2017" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "3b5b3755bac62d7f53eb84cadc34c528", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 9 + }, + "text": "Figure 6. The lasting decarbonization of French electricity and nuclear’s ability to meet growing demand x" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "5f0e0d529396154bf8bd5453779ad15d", + "element_id": "4f5cc927b953f3c49c562a22c88f863f", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -501,16 +1701,6 @@ }, { "type": "FigureCaption", - "element_id": "e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb924", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 9 - }, - "text": "" - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", "element_id": "36ca9b7cdbbcba729a46487cf86c07eb", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, @@ -521,7 +1711,7 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "b4dfcb14b87f52414bdd5e2bdba9bd6f", + "element_id": "0e28734a89e6f2473c6bbd5c1bdaf50e", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -531,7 +1721,7 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "a72d3895448081d55f7a3d40eed7ea6c", + "element_id": "81a65c45b597c6647c9f984f7b2e3554", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -539,9 +1729,19 @@ }, "text": "Nuclear energy offers a multitude of services beyond just electricity. With nuclear, we can decarbonize the way we heat our homes, provide process heat for industry, and ensure access to clean water. As freshwater supplies come under increasing pressure worldwide, nuclear reactors can provide desalination, ensuring a reliable flow of fresh drinking water in areas where it is scarce." }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "10159baf262b43a92d95db59dae1f72c", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 9 + }, + "text": "7" + }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "3c6336f12bcbf4d1ca36bef92d77efea", + "element_id": "4c23c5c4e459d5f3f6f62cc6a06a816a", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -549,19 +1749,9 @@ }, "text": "Nuclear energy can be relied upon to power the new mobility revolution taking place. Every day, we use almost 20 million barrels of oil to power our vehicles. By swapping to an electric or hydrogen-powered transport fleet – all powered by the atom – we are able to address one of the key challenges to a sustainable economy." }, - { - "type": "FigureCaption", - "element_id": "e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb924", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 10 - }, - "text": "" - }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "f3e39d107b4601c15dbb3d83ed7a7d9c", + "element_id": "cd055b546424c5003939bb047a56abf0", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -571,7 +1761,7 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "d263fe9467aa7876c4d5009c3125176b", + "element_id": "a654080ea22f70c397bca52fee82b82f", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -580,208 +1770,138 @@ "text": "Nuclear power is the silent giant of today’s energy system – it runs quietly in the background, capable of delivering immense amounts of power, regardless of weather or season, allowing us to focus on everything else in life. It is a technology that is available now, and can be expanded quickly across the world to help us solve some of the most defining challenges we face. Nuclear energy holds the potential to herald a new, cleaner and truly sustainable world – enabling us to pass on a cleaner planet to our children." }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "a65b8b503efacea8dec08b55f7cda7d8", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "e56261e0bd30965b8e68ed2abb15b141", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 10 }, - "text": "International Energy Agency (2018), World Energy Outlook 2018. Data accessed from https://www.iea.org/weo/ – Based on the New Policies Scenario, which incorporates existing energy policies as well as an assessment of the results likely to stem from the implementation of announced policy intentions – with visual modification by World Nuclear Association." + "text": "References" }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "f7a964e41b4c55824b12b91cf7e642db", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "b2c0b65d06ddfd791a02b4247b19dae3", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 10 }, - "text": "Based on the New Policies Scenario, which incorporates existing energy policies as well as an assessment of the results likely to stem from the implementation of announced policy intentions – with visual modification by World Nuclear Association. ii International Energy Agency (n.d.), Statistics. Accessed from: =chart&dat" + "text": "i" }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "3d2bf42b9cb11b2239b653c3945b8e62", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "228e41abf4891bbc647d29d33bed30dd", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 10 }, - "text": "able=ELECTRICITYANDHEAT – with visual modifications by World Nuclear Association. iii International Energy Agency (" + "text": "International Energy Agency (2018), World Energy Outlook 2018. Data accessed from https://www.iea.org/weo/ – Based on the New Policies Scenario, which incorporates existing energy policies as well as an assessment of the results likely to stem from the implementation of announced policy intentions – with visual modification by World Nuclear Association. International Energy Agency (n.d.), Statistics. Accessed from: https://www.iea.org/statistics/?country=WORLD&year=2016&category=Electricity&indicator=ElecGenByFuel&mode =chart&dataTable=ELECTRICITYANDHEAT – with visual modifications by World Nuclear Association. International Energy Agency (2019), Nuclear Power in a Clean Energy System. Accessed from: https://www.iea.org/ publications/nuclear/ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2018), Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5 °C. Accessed from: https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/ International Energy Agency (2019), Nuclear Power in a Clean Energy System. Accessed from: https://www.iea.org/ publications/nuclear/ International Energy Agency & OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (2015), Projected Costs of generating Electricity – 2015 Edition. 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Accessed from: publications/nuclear/ iv Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (" + "text": "ii" }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "57a0a67620b831a2db32079ef8733766", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "933bb5199e0009b0cf5982dc70990cd5", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 10 }, - "text": "), Special Report on Global Warming of" + "text": "iii" }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "91cf0137a4e0f565bf41727fc401932c", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "71a05b044a7f7d080086d821e9e62692", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 10 }, - "text": "°C. Accessed from: https://www.ipcc.ch/sr" + "text": "iv" }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "12536e0c49e43a69ce7bb69deeddde66", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "24264aa519b9e325bd189fe67fa3ff8d", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 10 }, - "text": "/ v International Energy Agency (" + "text": "v" }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "6c1ec2ff256b0cf7aecb730ff2174e65", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "c659791e303eb22c5c5d56ecc0b87608", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 10 }, - "text": "), Nuclear Power in a Clean Energy System. Accessed from: publications/nuclear/ vi International Energy Agency & OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (" + "text": "vi" }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "f1cbab1483671a020278a0d4283a4494", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "3f40bf749b93f60d4fe27695dbcc569e", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 10 }, - "text": "), Projected Costs of generating Electricity –" + "text": "vii" }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "f85a0029ab2c48e5192de638dd09d372", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "825846e93b6b75f507306036dda41b1f", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 10 }, - "text": "Edition. Accessed from: https://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/" + "text": "viii Paul-Scherrer Institute. Data for nuclear accidents modified to reflect UNSCEAR findings/recommendations (2012)" }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "8a5edab282632443219e051e4ade2d1d", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "2539fec681f2aadd21c4bfceb0763445", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 10 }, - "text": "/" + "text": "and NRC SOARCA study 2015 International Energy Agency (2018), Electricity Information 2018 https://webstore.iea.org/electricity-information-2018-overview Ibid." }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "4ad5d8f25b52f4f36b9072251a04b301", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "0d95b690d4fdbe263a23c37bd2a5c267", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 10 }, - "text": "-proj-costs-electricity-" + "text": "ix" }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "eb94b939ab539600fb1c4de21b344c3d", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "0d2d11c63da028b3edee3027aed50c81", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 10 }, - "text": "pdf vii International Atomic Energy Agency (" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "a4c2b25768461deb1c17f370969b896d", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 10 - }, - "text": "), Technical challenges in the application and licensing of digital instrumentation and control systems in nuclear power plants. Accessed from: https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/ Publications/PDF/P" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "d66d5367dd85250fcee7d5cb91920281", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 10 - }, - "text": "_web.pdf viii Paul-Scherrer Institute. Data for nuclear accidents modified to reflect UNSCEAR findings/recommendations (" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "4ae9e1ab0b65921d2de0bab9db6ed26e", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 10 - }, - "text": ") and NRC SOARCA study" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "07aebfef78a46d93112b653c20e96abc", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 10 - }, - "text": "ix International Energy Agency (" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "cc7b06cccd256a179841a199399b7112", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 10 - }, - "text": "), Electricity Information" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "d16b4b2486307bccdea2408b617573d9", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 10 - }, - "text": "https://webstore.iea.org/electricity-information-" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "e24305d73e48636ab2be50b310ff76a2", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 10 - }, - "text": "-overview x Ibid." + "text": "x" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "cd7669ea7d8c7961fdbf51c7fec05db7", + "element_id": "ab9c4428d3394fd230d7636bea5030d5", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -790,13 +1910,63 @@ "text": "Photo credits: Front cover: Mike Baird; page 2: Vattenfall; page 4: Getty Images; page 5: Adobe Stock; page 6: Rosatom; page 8: Dean Calma, IAEA; page 10: Kazatomprom; page 11: EDF." }, { - "type": "FigureCaption", - "element_id": "0fd83b0cc2c07c6946382addcc07e877", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "aa67a169b0bba217aa0aa88a65346920", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 10 + }, + "text": "8" + }, + { + "type": "Image", + "element_id": "6d647fc38c561c01f7859e019345d367", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 12 }, - "text": "Association +44 (0)20 7451 1520 www.world-nuclear.org Street info@world-nuclear.org 7HA World Nuclear Association is the international organization that represents the global nuclear industry. Its mission is to promote a wider understanding of nuclear energy among key international influencers by producing authoritative information, developing common industry positions, and contributing to the energy debate." + "text": "+44 (0)20 7451 1520www.world-nuclear.orginfo@world-nuclear.org World Nuclear Association is the international organization that represents the global nuclear industry. Its mission is to promote a wider understanding of nuclear energy among key international influencers by producing authoritative information, developing common industry positions, and contributing to the energy debate." + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "821daa4396c0087d9d5ee9240bc5c85c", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 12 + }, + "text": "+44 (0)20 7451 1520 www.world-nuclear.org info@world-nuclear.org" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "c48603fd38d3449d3afcd2dc18903083", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 12 + }, + "text": "World Nuclear Association Tower House 10 Southampton Street London WC2E 7HA United Kingdom" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "705da4db5e220010ddfd03d9452855e4", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 12 + }, + "text": "World Nuclear Association is the international organization that represents the global nuclear industry. Its mission is to promote a wider understanding of nuclear energy among key international influencers by producing authoritative information, developing common industry positions, and contributing to the energy debate." + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "de49f1c955d7c8a4d1d6d261c1cf21ba", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 12 + }, + "text": "The Silent Giant © 2019 World Nuclear Association. Registered in England and Wales, company number 01215741" } ] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/s3/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf.json b/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/s3/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf.json index 241c67400..5cef685c2 100644 --- a/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/s3/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf.json +++ b/test_unstructured_ingest/expected-structured-output/s3/small-pdf-set/recalibrating-risk-report.pdf.json @@ -1,17 +1,37 @@ [ { - "type": "FigureCaption", - "element_id": "e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb924", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "d72f07e2c764ae90417305db928ebce1", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 1 }, - "text": "" + "text": "Recalibrating risk" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "c875f7e098e5ea1b337a189c28e80ac3", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 1 + }, + "text": "Putting nuclear risk in context and perspective" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "327be60d66a34747047e1365e6bab727", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 2 + }, + "text": "© 2021 World Nuclear Association" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "c3c968da20f032f9c4ae9dcf03fc4a6b", + "element_id": "0e7b344a22dd76ce94588c537d418717", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -19,9 +39,19 @@ }, "text": "Registered in England and Wales, company number 01215741. This report represents the views of individual experts, but does not necessarily represent those of any of the World Nuclear Association’s individual member organizations." }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "2fa985d0a50e61b09ec22c447cc4b2c9", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 3 + }, + "text": "Executive Summary" + }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "139a663f32eea68997578ccd9f748da4", + "element_id": "eeb2fd62f21f17d70b2c51f4857426fe", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -31,7 +61,7 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "d609989f05f5e318da453799d42c3e9f", + "element_id": "3689b86ea677b25a3ce9586c4be41a46", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -41,7 +71,7 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "34f6b88b98aa6cfc56618fcf41c2192b", + "element_id": "ee4ac543bf2035b86b6818e06e3a0a90", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -51,7 +81,7 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "fc41093fe0b700cd1544eb7dbe635c82", + "element_id": "c89f871dfc13c4c4bcde1f9e241f17da", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -61,7 +91,7 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "5881f95e861a23dfd90c20a79a758089", + "element_id": "f62c49fcf0a7960d0b509e37507d76d3", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -70,18 +100,28 @@ "text": "Therefore, World Nuclear Association calls upon policymakers and regulators to adopt an all-hazards approach, where different risks associated with energy producing technologies are placed in perspective and the appropriate context, and examined in line with the latest scientific evidence. Policymakers and regulators must ensure that their decisions regarding radiation protection do not create greater risks elsewhere. This include the recalibration of existing regulations regarding nuclear power and radiation, weighing the cost of regulatory measures against the societal benefits provided by nuclear energy." }, { - "type": "FigureCaption", - "element_id": "e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb924", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "4355a46b19d348dc2f57c046f8ef63d4", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 3 }, - "text": "" + "text": "1" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "6b3149c1769f5cd200ec2a0017b936dc", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "Perceived versus actual risk" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "0f6b417c120ef61e5b8ff40845b0700d", + "element_id": "ce5bcf6b4fe24d62bd24d156d5bc965e", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -90,58 +130,308 @@ "text": "It is widely accepted that humans have skewed perceptions of risks, and the way we respond to them is shaped by these perceptions, rather than the actual threats posed. Approximately 1.35 millioni people die every year because of traffic accidents, in comparison with 257 aviation fatalities in 2019ii, yet more people are nervous about flying, fearing a rare deadly crash, than being in a fatal traffic accident. These numbers tell a powerful and well-established story: evaluations of risk are largely the result of emotions, rather than logic or facts. Although it is hard to recognize and accept that our perceptions may mislead us and curtail effective decision making, this is a well-established characteristic of humanity." }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "229123f88347e4e3d651e006d38d4a19", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "d9aa37188d4457f7ce2a4ac6a02abbc2", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 4 }, - "text": "Nuclear energy and the risk of radiation is one of the most extreme cases in which perceived and actual risks have diverged. The fear of radiation, whilst pre- dating the Second World War, was firmly established by the debate on the potential impacts of low-dose radiation from the fallout from nuclear weapons testing in the early years of the Cold War. Radiation in many ways became linked with the mental imagery of nuclear war, playing an important role in increasing public concern about radiation and its health effects. There is a well-established discrepancy between fact-based risk assessments and public perception of different risks. This is very much the case with nuclear power, and this is clearly highlighted in Figure 1, with laypersons ranking nuclear power as the highest risk out of 30 activities and technologies, with experts ranking nuclear as 20th. In many ways, popular culture’s depiction of radiation has played a role in ensuring that this discrepancy has remained," + "text": "Nuclear energy and the risk of radiation is one of the most extreme cases in which perceived and actual risks have diverged. The fear of radiation, whilst pre- dating the Second World War, was firmly established by the debate on the potential impacts of low-dose radiation from the fallout from nuclear weapons testing in the early years of the Cold War. Radiation in many ways became linked with the mental imagery of nuclear war, playing an important role in increasing public concern about radiation and its health effects. There is a well-established discrepancy between fact-based risk assessments and public perception of different risks. This is very much the case with nuclear power, and this is clearly highlighted in Figure 1, with laypersons ranking nuclear power as the highest risk out of 30 activities and technologies, with experts ranking nuclear as 20th. In many ways, popular culture’s depiction of radiation has played a role in ensuring that this discrepancy has remained, be it Godzilla, The Incredible Hulk, or The Simpsons, which regularly plays on the notion of radiation from nuclear power plants causing three-eyed fish, something that has been firmly rejected as unscientific." }, { - "type": "Title", - "element_id": "c597c821e8fc83e7b824ae4ca9cad4d0", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "4d466c033c8cb515ae240bd760ae6fe8", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 4 }, - "text": "Rank Order" + "text": "Rank Order Laypersons" }, { - "type": "FigureCaption", - "element_id": "085a01273c6c78c9e1dad76290f467f9", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "e61e853dddb79bd1b290a42c8bfa2c43", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 4 }, - "text": "Laypersons Experts 1 Nuclear power 20 2 Motor vehicles 1 3 Handguns 4 4 Smoking 2 17 Electric power (non-nuclear) 9 22 X-rays 7 30 Vaccinations 25" + "text": "Experts" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "4355a46b19d348dc2f57c046f8ef63d4", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "1" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "c27f9f502d68bddce24f18d230fddc23", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "Nuclear power" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "5378796307535df3ec8d8b15a2e2dc56", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "20" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "53c234e5e8472b6ac51c1ae1cab3fe06", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "2" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "ec8471bf2a3848a2b19b49d54c316f21", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "Motor vehicles" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "4355a46b19d348dc2f57c046f8ef63d4", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "1" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "1121cfccd5913f0a63fec40a6ffd44ea", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "3" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "85d8899695f08e1eb36c352ad90fd171", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "Handguns" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "7de1555df0c2700329e815b93b32c571", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "4" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "7de1555df0c2700329e815b93b32c571", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "4" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "8afd0b048a86acf7393f96db0574c8ff", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "Smoking" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "53c234e5e8472b6ac51c1ae1cab3fe06", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "2" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "fe6688066e4058f4d28c3956c1545589", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "4deedd21c16662f9a68c10e5f0dc0c3b", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + 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+ { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "f4ccd05b3271c386ee55d9876c745001", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "30" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "86c586f8129cc34e163eedd76b538fe8", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "Vaccinations" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "64aeb9975f234becd55bb4635e6e2f2d", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "25" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "2857e024ca5c594b4aa0a79c0f646ccc", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 4 - }, - "text": "Figure 1. Ordering of perceived risks for 30 and technologies1,iii" - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "8385a587db6c2fb7f84b89da002de9be", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 4 - }, - "text": "it Godzilla, The Incredible Hulk, or The Simpsons, which regularly plays on the notion of radiation from power plants causing three-eyed fish, something that has been firmly rejected as unscientific." - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "f3e88f7e68997defc9ac79eba1c52906", + "element_id": "3cf0a9c5ad0cacc724f90abbe99664d9", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -151,7 +441,7 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "902907535a6df300b401f418b25763fd", + "element_id": "82cf60d4b6b58dd2d61b49884fceb83d", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -160,18 +450,78 @@ "text": "In fact, scientific consensus is that when it comes to preventing exposure to radiation, nuclear power is much better than other electricity generators. A 2016 reportiii from the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) found that coal-generated electricity is responsible for more than half of the total global radiation exposure arising from electricity generation, while nuclear power contributed less than a fifth. Coal miners received high occupational exposure and workers in solar and wind farms received the highest occupational exposure associated with plant construction for the same amount of installed capacity." }, { - "type": "FigureCaption", - "element_id": "f641635ec11670f6051d31318c4b57cc", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "0d28f703c3b3aa9fee1f9f08fa688409", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "1 The original study was published in 1978, but its findings have been confirmed by numerous studies since." + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "53c234e5e8472b6ac51c1ae1cab3fe06", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 4 + }, + "text": "2" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "e1cccd4114d41b7b658b1261e800a2da", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 5 }, - "text": "Natural Artificial 48% Radon 11% Medicine 14% Buildings & soil 0.4% Fallout 12% Food & water 0.4% Miscellaneous 10% Cosmic 0.2% Occupational 4% Thoron 0.04% Nuclear discharges" + "text": "Natural" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "e209bc5e73dbdae2a845e0431c84967e", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 5 + }, + "text": "Artificial" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "6749cb436f7f9264a3340a066b7758fc", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 5 + }, + "text": " 48% Radon  14% Buildings & soil  12% Food & water  10% Cosmic  4% Thoron" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "803f8dea6f711596197d2094c3efa4a0", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 5 + }, + "text": " 11% Medicine  0.4%  0.4% Miscellaneous  0.2% Occupational  0.04% Nuclear discharges" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "f9e23859a63318d7160b15248d88e6cd", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 5 + }, + "text": "Fallout" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "9f3d0ae9a00bcefb94ac8bd0cd5a5da3", + "element_id": "9b657ab0d2ea482c887c7877ba86598d", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -181,7 +531,7 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "f170516281e47bab0dcbdcc3f7834e25", + "element_id": "4469b98946c004fbae47ad6285c9bba4", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -191,37 +541,297 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "324ede6e69192609842b44fb957a5481", + "element_id": "cbf390f564b0b1197deb5bf3dd999291", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 5 }, - "text": "In terms of accidents, hydropower is the deadliest electricity generator, mostly due to collapsing dams and the consequences of flooding. The Banqiao Dam failure in 1975 led to at least 26,000 people drowning, and as many as 150,000 deaths resulting from the secondary effects of the accident. In comparison, radiation exposure following Chernobyl caused 54 deaths2, while no casualties due to radiation are likely to occur from" + "text": "In terms of accidents, hydropower is the deadliest electricity generator, mostly due to collapsing dams and the consequences of flooding. The Banqiao Dam failure in 1975 led to at least 26,000 people drowning, and as many as 150,000 deaths resulting from the secondary effects of the accident. In comparison, radiation exposure following Chernobyl caused 54 deaths2, while no casualties due to radiation are likely to occur from the accident at Fukushima Daiichi." }, { - "type": "FigureCaption", - "element_id": "5dded821e571f4199e9999618486548d", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "75112d758c2551d782aaad167b590b1b", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 5 }, - "text": "25 20 18.4 15 10 4.6 5 2.8 0.07 0.04 0.02 0.01 0 Coal Oil Bio m ass atural gas Wind dropower Solar Nuclear N Hy raey WT rep seitilataF e" + "text": "24.6" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "64aeb9975f234becd55bb4635e6e2f2d", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 5 + }, + "text": "25" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "5378796307535df3ec8d8b15a2e2dc56", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 5 + }, + "text": "20" + }, + { + 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+ }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "786a068208b19d214a1e80ef16958645", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 5 + }, + "text": "r e p s e i t i l" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "917df3320d778ddbaa5c5c7742bc4046", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 5 + }, + "text": "10" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "8048d1e7e392843de42064d4c1ae5988", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 5 + }, + "text": "4.6" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "fb67f6e44a2659caaa0e28f08280eb3c", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 5 + }, + "text": "a t a F" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "f0b5c2c2211c8d67ed15e75e656c7862", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + 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"application/pdf", + "page_number": 5 + }, + "text": "0.01" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "9a271f2a916b0b6ee6cecb2426f0b320", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 5 + }, + "text": "0" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "98ba3127e4028e41ec82ece31d2227ff", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 5 + }, + "text": "C oal" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "4de0cf52492346845f7e8abfe590f19a", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 5 + }, + "text": "Oil" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "041eb1afb509b6bffae0b4a339c8db5b", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 5 + }, + "text": "Bio m ass" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "e942714ca8bde7c2efa0a45180d3bcb0", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 5 + }, + "text": "N atural gas" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "0b82a6e25bae21d27740d11df2dafd18", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 5 + }, + "text": "Wind" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "27b098893be52637349fd0db88f6b228", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 5 + }, + "text": "H ydropo w er" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "e18e4f1d640d6017d6db720d7e6b2d6f", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 5 + }, + "text": "S olar" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "6eb2aff0d17ccc5c242423c49cd5b462", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 5 + }, + "text": "N uclear" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "8e44807922e69a38594c4b389cd0be54", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 5 + }, + "text": "Figure 3. Comparison of number of fatalities due to electricity generation, including accidents and air pollution3" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "50de4eefb819c1121a082f91715d92d6", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 5 - }, - "text": "Figure 3. Comparison of number of fatalities due to electricity generation, including accidents and air" - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "3a601e3908558c0818322fb3f33bcd95", + "element_id": "bf88d949b16b32347c420a66fa413d49", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -230,18 +840,48 @@ "text": "Contrary to perceptions, nuclear is an incredibly safe source of energy (see Figure 3 for a comparison). What is also clear is that the continued use of alternative energy sources in preference to nuclear energy – in particular fossil fuels – poses a far greater risk to public health by significantly contributing to climate change and air pollution." }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "f6db848aa7ea39e11f79659bd36dd9e8", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "196e0db6043e782bacd6fc362c9ac8e4", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 5 }, - "text": "2 Including 28 firefighters that were exposed to lethal amounts of radiation during the accident night, and 15 fatal cases of thyroid 3 Sources drawn upon: Markandya, A., & Wilkinson, P. (2007), Sovacool et al. (2016). Data for nuclear accidents modified to reflect the 2012 UNSCEAR report and the 2015 US NRC SOARCA study." + "text": "2 Including 28 firefighters that were exposed to lethal amounts of radiation during the accident night, and 15 fatal cases of thyroid cancer. 3 Sources drawn upon: Markandya, A., & Wilkinson, P. (2007), Sovacool et al. (2016). Data for nuclear accidents modified to reflect the" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "18a2f3ecb51495d58963d69b364187e1", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 5 + }, + "text": "2012 UNSCEAR report and the 2015 US NRC SOARCA study." + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "1121cfccd5913f0a63fec40a6ffd44ea", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 5 + }, + "text": "3" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "b6812463b15ddda3f2402dfda95d2c86", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 6 + }, + "text": "The low-dose question" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "1bc9d38ce85ee8becec7fb23267b2cc5", + "element_id": "ec0fb27e2a16f77899bf83591cd2d0de", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -251,7 +891,7 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "e08a53481767a34371b5875af14bd1f3", + "element_id": "d6bd9451ceee595c090d110656bb1b2b", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -261,7 +901,7 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "ffa94f73ba6aab788fdfcb8e5d81ccd6", + "element_id": "d8c68c0317a4a3867de201703e068e2e", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -271,7 +911,7 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "16a119e3e5a216b271e971c83b93a048", + "element_id": "e5dec03340d86adfd26612d5d06ab5e6", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -280,18 +920,18 @@ "text": "By looking at radiation risks in isolation, we prolong the over-regulation of radiation in nuclear plants, driving up costs, whilst not delivering any additional health benefits, in turn incentivising the use of more harmful energy sources. A recalibration is required, and this can only done by ensuring a holistic approach to risk is taken." }, { - "type": "FigureCaption", - "element_id": "e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb924", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "7de1555df0c2700329e815b93b32c571", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 6 }, - "text": "" + "text": "4" }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "6bb7c030badb0c440af61aec7f6976c4", + "element_id": "3506b7d2b1626663985ae1a521a60fe1", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -301,17 +941,17 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "b8866a018c886bd34c74c3f9c49848a9", + "element_id": "00548dbd288df8370c39789adb302f50", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "Contemporary debates around nuclear energy often reflect the precautionary principle, a problematic applied across a range of regulatory and policy issues. A ‘strong’ interpretation of the precautionary or a ‘as low as possible’ approach to risk, dictates that regulation is required whenever there is a adverse health risk, even if the evidence is not certain and regardless of the cost of regulation." + "text": "Contemporary debates around nuclear energy often reflect the precautionary principle, a problematic concept applied across a range of regulatory and policy issues. A ‘strong’ interpretation of the precautionary principle, or a ‘as low as possible’ approach to risk, dictates that regulation is required whenever there is a potential adverse health risk, even if the evidence is not certain and regardless of the cost of regulation." }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "d1e9cb6856415ab46f3052dcbed97d8f", + "element_id": "07ed21008ec3f8801f7cbb1fc670d4db", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -321,7 +961,7 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "3108b5b0d698256fed9b109f93c70e16", + "element_id": "ba80f89ec0449fefee24b33fbb7e29b6", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -331,7 +971,7 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "a512ad93402fd4a2b066e7930ca9eda3", + "element_id": "9e9ed8938e271667a9512898d2ca629b", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -340,18 +980,58 @@ "text": "If the potential of nuclear energy is to be fully realized, public health and safety approaches must be recalibrated to consider a wider range of factors when considering radiation, adopting an “all-hazards” approach. Such an approach must ensure that risks are placed within a proper perspective and context, rather than looking at them in isolation. We therefore must not look at the costs – be they economic, environmental, or public health – associated with an individual power plant in isolation, but rather the costs associated with it (and its alternatives) at a societal level (Figure 4). This would entail looking at the potential risks arising from the use of nuclear power and comparing these with the risks associated with not adopting nuclear power." }, { - "type": "FigureCaption", - "element_id": "88012fd8a2d7bafa0a40bcabcecc4567", + "type": "Image", + "element_id": "c9889d326ca46635644c051ced3cdde5", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 7 }, - "text": "Plant-level Social and production costs Grid-level costs environmental costs of at market prices of the electricity emissions, land-use, system climate change, security of supply, etc." + "text": "Plant-levelproduction costsat market prices Grid-level costsof the electricitysystem ber Jest—" + }, + { + "type": "Image", + "element_id": "2550e9a8245a64cdb4de02c91133865a", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 7 + }, + "text": "Plant-levelproduction costsat market prices" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "c679f20b20827cc120836b9b22b53492", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 7 + }, + "text": "Social and environmental costs of emissions, land-use, climate change, security of supply, etc." + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "f5076aa15e05d1b399fcee15da62ea07", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 7 + }, + "text": "Plant-level production costs at market prices" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "32fb688e940b2045a6f54aa0b245e552", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 7 + }, + "text": "Grid-level costs of the electricity system" }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "2044b8086c660cb4ae3dbf0c91f168b1", + "element_id": "567f470fb4fb5c58b115fbe79a425970", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -361,7 +1041,7 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "0781cde07f8a6b47a270061ba7931f0a", + "element_id": "6595e50969f899bd2fa05c0d7a8a682c", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -371,7 +1051,7 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "62776efdbb18b41283076d97477c280e", + "element_id": "07958b72a8f6127e362d9ce84be7ea54", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -379,9 +1059,19 @@ }, "text": "Equally, the adoption of an all-hazards approach means regulators should consider declaring when a risk is too low to be a public health concern, in line with what the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission attempted to do with its Below Regulatory Concern policy statements in the 1980s and early 1990s. In the context of nuclear power, this means departing from the notion that LNT instils of no safe level of radiation, and adopting a regulatory framework which notes the impossibility of eradicating risks. Failing to do so will result in excessive regulation that continues to limit the full potential of nuclear power in tackling climate change and sees a continued reliance on objectively more harmful energy sources." }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "f0b5c2c2211c8d67ed15e75e656c7862", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 7 + }, + "text": "5" + }, { "type": "Title", - "element_id": "b5b9075460067db9eb092a70c73a83a4", + "element_id": "75ed57ac08703850c3e6aa55ac4aea97", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -391,7 +1081,7 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "893eb8565c9befb34ba3f4534e02e80e", + "element_id": "7cb6cd150bb2cc2a0f10ba8584c285c7", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -401,33 +1091,33 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "4e7e78a6448d2d53859f492f8d150696", + "element_id": "5165336fa7f2d57e7fa5030f6b4f6a24", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 8 }, - "text": "Similarly, many of the tremendous challenges the global community faces are significantly driven by “radiation phobia”. Indeed, several of these issues have been considerably exacerbated by the fact certain risks are given a disproportionate amount of focus, whereas others are de facto ignored. global conversation around climate change is a prime example of this. The historical use of fossil fuels contributed significantly to climate change through greenhouse gas emissions, causing changes in the liveability of the Earth. By 2025, half of the world’s population will be living in areas, as extreme heat and droughts are exacerbating water resources. Between 2030 and 2050, change is expected to be the cause of an additional 250,000 deaths per year, arising from malaria, diarrhoea and heat stressx. Yet, despite the huge risks associated with climate change, our to coal, oil, and fossil gas remains, with fossil fuels providing 84% of global primary energy in 2019xii. continued prioritization of fossil fuels at the expense of nuclear energy results in a considerable increase" - }, - { - "type": "FigureCaption", - "element_id": "e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb924", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 8 - }, - "text": "" + "text": "Similarly, many of the tremendous challenges the global community faces are significantly driven by this “radiation phobia”. Indeed, several of these issues have been considerably exacerbated by the fact that certain risks are given a disproportionate amount of focus, whereas others are de facto ignored. The global conversation around climate change is a prime example of this. The historical use of fossil fuels has contributed significantly to climate change through greenhouse gas emissions, causing unprecedented changes in the liveability of the Earth. By 2025, half of the world’s population will be living in water-stressed areas, as extreme heat and droughts are exacerbating water resources. Between 2030 and 2050, climate change is expected to be the cause of an additional 250,000 deaths per year, arising from malnutrition, malaria, diarrhoea and heat stressx. Yet, despite the huge risks associated with climate change, our addiction to coal, oil, and fossil gas remains, with fossil fuels providing 84% of global primary energy in 2019xii. The continued prioritization of fossil fuels at the expense of nuclear energy results in a considerable increase in the risks posed by climate change." }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "da55e401390cbfad388f548494545dbc", + "element_id": "29215d2c137a392941315c6c7a67e8fd", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 8 }, - "text": "Equally, it is well established that living without access to electricity results in illness and death around the world, caused by everything from not having access to modern healthcare to household air pollution. As of today, 770 million people around the world do not have access to electricity, with over 75% of that population living in Sub-Saharan Africa. The world's poorest 4 billion people consume a mere 5% of the energy used in developed economies, and we need to find ways of delivering reliable electricity to the entire human population in a fashion that is sustainable. Household and ambient air pollution causes 8.7 million deaths each year, largely because of the continued use of fossil fuels. Widespread electrification is a key tool for delivering a just energy transition. Investment in nuclear, has become an urgent necessity. Discarding it, based on risk perceptions divorced from science, would be to abandon the moral obligation to ensure affordable, reliable," + "text": "Equally, it is well established that living without access to electricity results in illness and death around the world, caused by everything from not having access to modern healthcare to household air pollution. As of today, 770 million people around the world do not have access to electricity, with over 75% of that population living in Sub-Saharan Africa. The world's poorest 4 billion people consume a mere 5% of the energy used in developed economies, and we need to find ways of delivering reliable electricity to the entire human population in a fashion that is sustainable. Household and ambient air pollution causes 8.7 million deaths each year, largely because of the continued use of fossil fuels. Widespread electrification is a key tool for delivering a just energy transition. Investment in nuclear, has become an urgent necessity. Discarding it, based on risk perceptions divorced from science, would be to abandon the moral obligation to ensure affordable, reliable, and sustainable energy for every community around the world." + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "06e9d52c1720fca412803e3b07c4b228", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 8 + }, + "text": "6" }, { "type": "FigureCaption", @@ -441,7 +1131,7 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "f6b7867f0a5ebfbd0deb17d7b54f39cf", + "element_id": "d754d8d468346f652657279272a11897", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -451,7 +1141,7 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "4377e6a43a41bf6199e3fe122672d7d2", + "element_id": "0714f9ff88637006bdb76908c7c936bf", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -461,7 +1151,7 @@ }, { "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "5881f95e861a23dfd90c20a79a758089", + "element_id": "f62c49fcf0a7960d0b509e37507d76d3", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -470,298 +1160,258 @@ "text": "Therefore, World Nuclear Association calls upon policymakers and regulators to adopt an all-hazards approach, where different risks associated with energy producing technologies are placed in perspective and the appropriate context, and examined in line with the latest scientific evidence. Policymakers and regulators must ensure that their decisions regarding radiation protection do not create greater risks elsewhere. This include the recalibration of existing regulations regarding nuclear power and radiation, weighing the cost of regulatory measures against the societal benefits provided by nuclear energy." }, { - "type": "FigureCaption", - "element_id": "59a569516614e7fbdefa6a2aef6f50a7", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "10159baf262b43a92d95db59dae1f72c", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 9 }, - "text": "yeee PALEESO OOcrane a 72." + "text": "7" }, { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb924", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 9 - }, - "text": "" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "648872f0c7ce536fdf889efb3f197ede", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "e56261e0bd30965b8e68ed2abb15b141", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 10 }, - "text": "detail/road-traffic-injuries ii BBC (" + "text": "References" }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "0ece555b4c15c7feca22a7ecab82c224", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "b2c0b65d06ddfd791a02b4247b19dae3", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 10 }, - "text": "). 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Available at: data/themes/public-health-and-environment [Accessed on" + "text": "the-full-costs-of-electricity-provision?details=true" }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "4afe6ea150d532c17693519cac32da10", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "40bf1390db138ee3d2e9fe0a804aba7a", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 10 }, - "text": "April" + "text": "xi World Health Organization (2018). Climate change and health. 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BP Statistical Review of World Energy, London: BP." }, { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "0bfc22bc828e6c0c82f20e1ce52317ec", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 10 - }, - "text": "). The Full Costs of Electricity Provision. Available at: the-full-costs-of-electricity-provision?details=true xi World Health Organization (" - }, - { - "type": "ListItem", - "element_id": "3c6d89ed3cff92d11cee90f16b4588e7", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 10 - }, - "text": "). Climate change and health. Available at: sheets/detail/climate-change-and-health" - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "72f93fcf5c3b43b3596ee3025d1629fe", - "metadata": { - "data_source": {}, - "filetype": "application/pdf", - "page_number": 10 - }, - "text": "World Health Organization. (2016). Updated tables 2016 for ‘Preventing disease through health environments: a global assessment of the burden of disease from environmental risks’. Available at: https://www.who.int/data/gho/ data/themes/public-health-and-environment [Accessed on 8 April 2021]" - }, - { - "type": "NarrativeText", - "element_id": "b6c39a9b3890b5132e4310c83d06b310", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "10407d498f2636f50597e71d97cc001a", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", @@ -770,13 +1420,63 @@ "text": "Photo credits: Front cover & pages 1, 4, 6 left, 7 bottom: Adobe Stock; page 6 right: Getty Images; page 7 top: Uniper." }, { - "type": "FigureCaption", - "element_id": "0fd83b0cc2c07c6946382addcc07e877", + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "aa67a169b0bba217aa0aa88a65346920", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 10 + }, + "text": "8" + }, + { + "type": "Image", + "element_id": "6d647fc38c561c01f7859e019345d367", "metadata": { "data_source": {}, "filetype": "application/pdf", "page_number": 12 }, - "text": "Association +44 (0)20 7451 1520 www.world-nuclear.org Street info@world-nuclear.org 7HA World Nuclear Association is the international organization that represents the global nuclear industry. Its mission is to promote a wider understanding of nuclear energy among key international influencers by producing authoritative information, developing common industry positions, and contributing to the energy debate." + "text": "+44 (0)20 7451 1520www.world-nuclear.orginfo@world-nuclear.org World Nuclear Association is the international organization that represents the global nuclear industry. Its mission is to promote a wider understanding of nuclear energy among key international influencers by producing authoritative information, developing common industry positions, and contributing to the energy debate." + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "821daa4396c0087d9d5ee9240bc5c85c", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 12 + }, + "text": "+44 (0)20 7451 1520 www.world-nuclear.org info@world-nuclear.org" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "c48603fd38d3449d3afcd2dc18903083", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 12 + }, + "text": "World Nuclear Association Tower House 10 Southampton Street London WC2E 7HA United Kingdom" + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "705da4db5e220010ddfd03d9452855e4", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 12 + }, + "text": "World Nuclear Association is the international organization that represents the global nuclear industry. Its mission is to promote a wider understanding of nuclear energy among key international influencers by producing authoritative information, developing common industry positions, and contributing to the energy debate." + }, + { + "type": "UncategorizedText", + "element_id": "fc5faebaec5a1349ce932f1863bdd842", + "metadata": { + "data_source": {}, + "filetype": "application/pdf", + "page_number": 12 + }, + "text": "Recalibrating risk © 2021 World Nuclear Association. Registered in England and Wales, company number 01215741" } ] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/unstructured/__version__.py b/unstructured/__version__.py index cab69df5a..3e7b0b22f 100644 --- a/unstructured/__version__.py +++ b/unstructured/__version__.py @@ -1 +1 @@ -__version__ = "0.7.11-dev2" # pragma: no cover +__version__ = "0.7.11" # pragma: no cover diff --git a/unstructured/file_utils/filetype.py b/unstructured/file_utils/filetype.py index 9d23cc664..1aba7d7be 100644 --- a/unstructured/file_utils/filetype.py +++ b/unstructured/file_utils/filetype.py @@ -443,23 +443,25 @@ def _check_eml_from_buffer(file: IO) -> bool: def document_to_element_list( document: "DocumentLayout", include_page_breaks: bool = False, + sort: bool = False, ) -> List[Element]: """Converts a DocumentLayout object to a list of unstructured elements.""" elements: List[Element] = [] num_pages = len(document.pages) for i, page in enumerate(document.pages): + page_elements: List[Element] = [] for layout_element in page.elements: element = normalize_layout_element(layout_element) if isinstance(element, List): for el in element: el.metadata.page_number = i + 1 - elements.extend(element) + page_elements.extend(element) continue else: element.metadata.text_as_html = ( layout_element.text_as_html if hasattr(layout_element, "text_as_html") else None ) - elements.append(element) + page_elements.append(element) if hasattr(page, "image"): image_format = page.image.format coordinate_system = PixelSpace(width=page.image.width, height=page.image.height) @@ -468,8 +470,18 @@ def document_to_element_list( coordinate_system = None element._coordinate_system = coordinate_system _add_element_metadata(element, page_number=i + 1, filetype=image_format) + if sort: + page_elements = sorted( + page_elements, + key=lambda el: ( + el.coordinates[0][1] if el.coordinates else float("inf"), + el.coordinates[0][0] if el.coordinates else float("inf"), + el.id, + ), + ) if include_page_breaks and i < num_pages - 1: - elements.append(PageBreak(text="")) + page_elements.append(PageBreak(text="")) + elements.extend(page_elements) return elements diff --git a/unstructured/partition/pdf.py b/unstructured/partition/pdf.py index 302669734..89ce7bcd9 100644 --- a/unstructured/partition/pdf.py +++ b/unstructured/partition/pdf.py @@ -5,17 +5,19 @@ from tempfile import SpooledTemporaryFile from typing import BinaryIO, List, Optional, Union, cast import pdf2image +import PIL from pdfminer.high_level import extract_pages from pdfminer.layout import LTContainer, LTImage, LTItem, LTTextBox from pdfminer.utils import open_filename -from PIL import Image from unstructured.cleaners.core import clean_extra_whitespace from unstructured.documents.coordinates import PixelSpace from unstructured.documents.elements import ( Element, ElementMetadata, + Image, PageBreak, + Text, process_metadata, ) from unstructured.file_utils.filetype import ( @@ -32,6 +34,8 @@ from unstructured.partition.strategies import determine_pdf_or_image_strategy from unstructured.partition.text import element_from_text, partition_text from unstructured.utils import requires_dependencies +RE_MULTISPACE_INCLUDING_NEWLINES = re.compile(pattern=r"\s+", flags=re.DOTALL) + @process_metadata() @add_metadata_with_filetype(FileType.PDF) @@ -192,8 +196,23 @@ def _partition_pdf_or_image_local( extract_tables=infer_table_structure, model_name=model_name, ) + elements = document_to_element_list(layout, include_page_breaks=include_page_breaks, sort=False) + out_elements = [] - return document_to_element_list(layout, include_page_breaks=include_page_breaks) + for el in elements: + if (isinstance(el, PageBreak) and not include_page_breaks) or ( + # NOTE(crag): small chunks of text from Image elements tend to be garbage + isinstance(el, Image) + and (el.text is None or len(el.text) < 24 or el.text.find(" ") == -1) + ): + continue + # NOTE(crag): this is probably always a Text object, but check for the sake of typing + if isinstance(el, Text): + el.text = re.sub(RE_MULTISPACE_INCLUDING_NEWLINES, " ", el.text or "").strip() + if el.text or isinstance(el, PageBreak): + out_elements.append(cast(Element, el)) + + return out_elements @requires_dependencies("pdfminer", "local-inference") @@ -293,6 +312,7 @@ def _process_pdfminer_pages( key=lambda el: ( el.coordinates[0][1] if el.coordinates else float("inf"), el.coordinates[0][0] if el.coordinates else float("inf"), + el.id, ), ) elements += sorted_page_elements @@ -318,7 +338,7 @@ def _partition_pdf_or_image_with_ocr( if is_image: if file is not None: - image = Image.open(file) + image = PIL.Image.open(file) text = pytesseract.image_to_string(image, config=f"-l '{ocr_languages}'") else: text = pytesseract.image_to_string(filename, config=f"-l '{ocr_languages}'")